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31MAJOR REFORMS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF UZBEKISTAN To'rakhonov M.M.1, O'rinboyev N.B.2
1 To 'rakhonov Mirolimkhon Mirali o'g 'li - Student;
O 'rinboyev Nuriddin Burkhonjon o 'g'li - Student, POWER ENGINEERING FACULTY, FERGANA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, FERGANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion depicts the major reforms in the energy Sector of Uzbekistan. The authors of the article show the main factors which caused the reforms in the target field.
Keywords: reforms, energy system, economic, market economy, efficient, to attract investments, enterprises.
One of the priority goals of economic reforms in the energy sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan was to improve the management system and improve the efficiency of the energy sector enterprises and ensure, on this basis, the sustainable operation of the country's energy system. Since the day of independence, the state has been pursuing a purposeful policy to reform the economy, including the electric power industry. The Government of Uzbekistan has adopted a comprehensive program of economic and structural reforms to ensure the fastest possible progress towards an open and efficient market economy [1, p.p. 3-5].
Reforming of the power industry of Uzbekistan is carried out according to the privatization model, which is based on the five principles that are the basis for the reforms that were proclaimed by the First President of Uzbekistan I. Karimov. This model is as follows:
- privatization is subordinated to the internal logic of the reforms being implemented and is their core;
- the state acts as the main reformer, therefore the privatization process is regulated;
- the rule of law, the duty of all without exception to comply with laws and regulations regardless of the form of ownership;
- address the direction of privatization, which consists of social support for the poor, the inclusion of a demographic situation, the gradual transition to a system of social guarantees;
- privatization is carried out carefully, taking into account world experience, without revolutionary leaps, that is, by evolution.
The continuous electrification created the possibility of developing the industrial and social infrastructure of cities and rural areas of Uzbekistan, the formation of industry, the construction industry.
Reforming the electric power industry began with the adoption of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Deepening Economic Reforms in the Energy Sector of Uzbekistan" of February 22, 2001 № UP-2812 and in the order of its implementation of the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan of February 24, № 93 "On the organization of activities of the State-Joint Stock Company " Uzbekenergo" [3, p.p. 2-4]. The main objectives of this stage in the reform of the electric power industry were:
- expansion of the scale of privatization with the inclusion of medium and large enterprises in this process;
- unbundling of monopolistic production and economic structures and creation of a competitive market environment.
Based on the above requirements, the reform of the electric power industry was initiated with the restructuring of the Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the Republic with the establishment of a financially sustainable company that provides the necessary conditions for attracting investments, increasing the capitalization of companies in the electric power industry and reliable and uninterrupted energy supply to consumers.
With a view to realizing the tasks set by the President's Decree:
- The Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the Republic of Uzbekistan was abolished and on the basis of its structural subdivisions, the State-Joint Stock Company Uzbekenergo was established in the form of an open joint-stock company, with the inclusion of the joint-stock association Uzbekugol with the rights of an independent legal entity.
- the main principles and priority directions for deepening economic reforms in the energy sector have been defined.
Priority directions of deepening economic reforms in the energy sector are defined:
- consistent implementation of measures to demonopolize energy sectors, reduce the level of state regulation, create a competitive environment in the sale of electricity, ensure equal opportunities and conditions for access of business entities to power transmission lines;
- stage-by-stage corporatization of large enterprises in the energy sector - thermal power plants, thermal power plants, electric grid companies, etc.;
- Accelerated denationalization and privatization of social infrastructure facilities, enterprises and organizations carrying out design, construction and installation and repair work, creating on their basis enterprises of non-state forms of ownership, including private enterprises;
- wide attraction of foreign investments in the process of corporatization of energy enterprises, reconstruction, technical re-equipment and further development of generating capacities and electric networks;
- introduction of market principles and mechanisms in the management system and economic links for the production, transportation and sale of energy;
- ensuring the conjugate and balanced development of energy capacities and the coal industry.
The main tasks and activities of SJSC "Uzbekenergo" were identified:
- sustainable provision of the economy and population of the republic with electric energy, regulation and coordination of the operating modes of the power system;
- development of short-term and long-term forecasts and target programs for the development of the electric power industry, formation of production and consumption balance sheets;
- Realization of reconstruction, modernization, technical re-equipment and further development of generating capacities and
electric grids on the basis of modern equipment and advanced technologies, including through foreign investments;
- the primary use of coal in the production of electricity and heat, the development and implementation of renewable, including non-traditional sources of energy;
- organization of development and implementation of measures for saving, rational use and reduction of losses of electric energy in cooperation with enterprises [2, p.p. 2-6].
References
1. Abdukarimov B.A. Trade economics. Tashkent, 2013. P.p. 3-5.
2. Electric power industry of Uzbekistan. SJSC "Uzbekenergo". Tashkent, 2002. P.p. 2-6.
3. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of 13 July 2016 No. PP-2559 "On measures to further improve scientific and technical activities in the field of electrical power engineering", 2016. P.p. 2-4.
