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Teshabayev Sh.A., doctor of philosophy of agricultural sciences, (PhD) Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agricultural Technologies Head of the Department of Organic Farming and Forest Reclamation
Madaminova S.S. magister
MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DURATION, METHODOLOGY AND DEPTH OF COTTON CULTIVATION
Abstract. The duration, methods and depth of the main tillage have a serious impact on the agrophysical and water properties of the soil, and when the main tillage is carried out in the fall, on the contrary, cotton flowering slows down. accelerates by 2-3 days, since the agrophysical and water properties of the soil are relatively good compared to summer Hyde, the plant grows quickly and develops well, and an additional cotton crop is grown.
Key words: Agriculture, tillage, technology, cotton, grain, re-seeding, soil fertility, crop rotation, weeds.
Relevance of the topic. In subsequent years, the republic pays special attention to the rational placement of agricultural crops, taking into account the specialization of regions, soil and climatic conditions and water supply of regions, as well as other factors.
In particular, in the Action Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan on
2017-2021 "3.3...consistent development of agricultural production, further strengthening of the country's food security, introduction of intensive methods, especially modern agricultural technologies, into the production sector" are identified as important strategic objectives.
In the republic in 2021, in order to further improve the system of placement of agricultural crops depending on the soil and climatic conditions of the regions, increase the efficiency of use of land and water resources, ensure the fulfillment of contractual obligations, sustainable enrichment of the domestic market, expand the supply of products to processing enterprises and for export to In order to timely and effectively carry out a complex of works on the care and cultivation of agricultural products, high-quality transfer was noted.
Supporting measures to improve the agricultural culture of our country, basic methods of soil cultivation, the introduction of new technologies, while at the same time reducing manual labor in agriculture, reducing production costs, introducing new, economical, beneficial effects on soil fertility and water, physical, agrochemical properties cotton, grains and recurring crops, helping to increase crop yields. it is necessary to develop a system of new agricultural technologies that ensure harvesting.
Consequently, plowing occupies a special place in agricultural technology of cotton growing. Tillage or basic plowing radically changes the physical and mechanical properties of the arable layer, the soil is turned over, crushed, puttied, plant residues, fertilizers, various preparations used to protect plants are buried in the soil, and favorable conditions for plant growth are created.
The degree of knowledge of the problem. Through agrotechnical measures to combat the spread of weeds on cotton in various soil and climatic conditions of irrigated agriculture in our republic, B. Sobirov, I. N. Libershtein, V. Kondratyuk, Z. Nasyrov, A. Zhurakulov, Z. Tursunkhodzhaev, M. Mukhamedzhanov, G. Mirzajonov, B. Bakhromov, F. Gasanova and chemist B. Aliyev, M. Lazovskaya, R. Tillaev, A. Sagdullaev, N. Khalilov, Y. Buriev, B. Kholmanov, M. Shodmanov, A. Yuldashev, N.Turdieva, S.Sullieva, Sh. Scientific research on the development of control measures was also carried out by the Rizaevs.
However, in the conditions of light gray soils of the Andijan region, when obtaining high and high-quality grain yields in a cotton rotation system, sufficient scientific research has not been carried out on the influence and subsequent impact of combined weed control (the use of herbicides in combination with basic soil cultivation methods).
Germination of seeds. The germination time of acorns corresponds to April in spring, when climatic conditions are extremely unstable. At this time, their uniform germination is also positively influenced by the agrophysical and water properties of the soil, as well as the temperature of the soil in the layer in which the seeds are planted. Based on the above data from our research, it can be noted that in all six options a special soil environment was created.
In particular, in options 1-4 a simple drive was carried out, where the layer was not completely turned over. In options 2-5, the two-tier drive was moved to a depth of 30-32 cm. In options 3-6, a two-tier drive was sealed to a depth of 3840 cm. Equal half of the options were mixed in the summer, and the other half in the fall, as a result of which a special mikit was formed by soil mass, porosity and water properties of each option.
Judging by the research data, this affected the germination of soil fungi. In the case of options 1-4, when the soil layer is laid in a simple way at 30-32 cm, the seeds germinate most quickly in a relatively dense soil layer. It was observed that the soil layer germinated 1-4 days after the usual method in 2-5 variants, which were mixed in a double layer of 30-32 cm. It was taken into account that seed germination in the main processed 3-6 variants was at a depth of 38-40 cm happened relatively slowly. These differences in germination occurred due to the weight, porosity of the soil and the moisture content of the layer in which the seeds were planted.
Growth and development of the acorn. The growth of agricultural crops, including acorns, is accompanied by quantitative changes. Rooting of plants is associated with the development of the root system, which is directly related to the ability to absorb and synthesize them. Consequently, the root system of the
acorn depends on the soil mucite in which it operates, in particular, on the agrophysical and water properties of this mucite. We based the above soil layers on the fact that in summer, autumn, in different ways and at different depths, the influence of the haidash soil layer on agrophysical and water properties was different.
In particular, in option 1, where summer observation of the common heida was carried out on June 1, the height of 1 bush of the plant averaged 14.3 cm. In this option, the stacking height was 30-32 cm. The height of the stem of the acorn head reached 16.1 cm, when the depth of the Heydov layer was increased to 3840 cm.
Similarly, a pattern in the growth of acorn height was noted in the variants where autumn watering was carried out. In particular, in option 4, where the soil was watered to a depth of 30-32 cm in the fall, the plant height was 57.2 cm.
In the latest observation, made on August 1, the influence of summer and fall precipitation on acorn growth is evident, similar to previous observations.For example, in those variants where the soil was cultivated in the summer, the height of the acorn was 83.4-85.5 cm, in those variants where the autumn harvest was carried out, these figures were 84.9-87.8 cm.
From the data obtained, it appears that, compared with the simple Haidash method, the soil was very positively affected by the growth of Haidash gout in a double layer.
Cotton harvest. The cotton specificity of acorns is also due to the fact that the duration of main tillage, methods and the influence of silt on the above scientific indicators vary greatly in Monant Hole. For example, the specific gravity of an acorn in its peel was 1
16.8-19.2 c/ha under summer conditions. And in the conditions of autumn Haidov, these indicators amounted to 20.6-22.0 c/ha. Thus, acorns, the soil of which quickly germinates in the autumn varieties of Gaidash, developed intensively and produced a slightly higher cotton yield than in the summer period of Gaidash. Another notable aspect of this crop is that the highest cotton yields were obtained in treatments in which the soil was plowed deeply in two layers.
In particular, when the land was cultivated to 38-40 cm in the Haydalgantairib field in the fall, it was noted that the total cotton yield was also obtained with autumn hiding compared to the above with summer hiding, with the two-tier method compared with the simple method, with deep- decor options in
Thus, additional feeding of cotton received from haidash in the fall from 1.1 to 2.3 centners per hectare. The additional yield of cotton with the two-layer growing method compared to the conventional method was 1.0-1.6 quintals per hectare under summer conditions. The additional cotton yield obtained with two-layer processing using the Heydov method, compared to the simple Heydov method, amounted to 1.2-2.8 centners per hectare.
Differences were also noted in the additional cotton yield obtained depending on planting depth. These figures corresponded to the differences between the simple Heydow method and the two-level Heydow method.
References:
1. Тешабаев Ш.А., Намозов Ф.Б., Тураев Ж.И. "Методы борьбы против сорных растений и агрофизические свойства почвы хлопковых полей" International innovation research сборник статей XIIX Международной научно-практической конференции, Состоявшейся 12 декабря 2019 г. в г. Пенза. Ст 70-73
2. Тешабаев Ш.А., Хайдаров Б.Т. Effect of Agricultural Control System on Cotton-Cropp Sowing System on Agrophysical Properties of Soil Design Engineering ISSN: 0011-9342 | Year 2021 Issue: 9 | Pages: 6930 - 6939
3. Тешaбaев Ш.А. d.f.c.h.n., (PhD), Ботиров А.А. d.of.b.sc., associate professor. Coordinated control of weeds in cotton-grain fields. neuroquantology | November 2022 | volume 20 | issue 15|PAGE 4641-4647
