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24МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ НАУКИ
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE MEDICO-SOCIAL HELP TO DISABLED
PEOPLE
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Rasulova N. , Isaev I. , Nizamhodjaeva Sh.
1Rasulova Nilufar - docent; 2Isaev Ilshod - assistant, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT;
3Nizamhodjaeva Shaxzoda - student, PEDIATRIC FACULTY, TASHKENT PEDIATRIC MEDICAL INSTITUTE, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article considers the problem of rehabilitation ofpersons with disabilities, as well as medical problems, vocational and social rehabilitation. In Uzbekistan, the adaptation of medical and social rehabilitation of disabled persons engaged in the problems of State bodies and a specially created public organizations of the republic. For the solution of tasks of the individual program of rehabilitation of disabled people the complex of actions which is carried out according to the individual program of the rehabilitation defined on the basis of medico-social examination by government bodies, authorized on that regional, city Communities of People's Deputies with participation of representatives ofpublic associations of disabled people is carried out. Keywords: disability, rehabilitation, social protection, ability to work, Government agencies.
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕДИКО-СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОМОЩИ
ИНВАЛИДАМ
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Расулова Н. Ф. , Исаев Э. С. , Низамходжаева Ш. Б.
1Расулова Нилуфар Фархадовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент;
2Исаев Элшод Султанович - ассистент, кафедра общественного здоровья и управления здравоохранением;
3Низамходжаева Шахзода Бахтияр кизи - студент, педиатрический факультет, Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье рассматриваются проблемы реабилитация инвалидов, а также задачи медицинской, профессиональной и социальной их реабилитации. В Узбекистане проблемами медицинской адаптации и социальной реабилитацией инвалидов занимаются Государственные органы и специально созданные в республики общественные организации. Для решения задач индивидуальной программы реабилитации инвалидов проводится комплекс мероприятий, которые осуществляются в соответствии с индивидуальной программой реабилитации, определяемой на основе медико-социальной экспертизы государственными органами, уполномоченными на то районными, городскими Кенгашами народных депутатов с участием представителей общественных объединений инвалидов. Ключевые слова: инвалидность, реабилитация, социальная защита, трудоспособность, Государственные органы.
After finding of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan along with big problems on formation of the new independent state in the industry, agriculture, culture, to sports, education and other spheres of a national economy much attention is paid also to population health, including rendering full assistance to disabled people, i.e. the most restrained segments of the population. In the republic disabled people of all age groups of the population, meet violations of a mental
condition of the musculoskeletal device and other systems and bodies of bringing patients to resistant disability.
For more than 20 years of existence of the suveritetny state of Uzbekistan it was accepted the state some honeycombs of various directive documents, among them Laws, Decrees, Resolutions of the President, The Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan orders and orders of Ministers and departments on health care. Only concerning connected with disabled people some tens directive documents were accepted. In these documents the questions of medical, professional and social rehabilitation of disabled people were raised [2].
The analysis of the documents accepted by the state and realization I showed them that in the Republic of Uzbekistan will organize and promotes formation and development of system of medical, professional and social rehabilitation of the disabled people representing a package of measures, directed on restoration and compensation of the broken or lost functions of an organism, abilities to self-service, different types of professional activity, and also allowing disabled people to lead a full-fledged life and the rights providing to them realization and potential opportunities. The government of the Republic of Uzbekistan finances and will organize carrying out scientific researches and training of specialists in the field of medical, professional and social rehabilitation of disabled people, and also disability prevention.
For the solution of tasks of the individual program of rehabilitation of disabled people the complex of actions which is carried out according to the individual program of the rehabilitation defined on the basis of medico-social examination by government bodies, authorized on that regional, city Communities of People's Deputies with participation of representatives of public associations of disabled people is carried out. In the individual program of the rehabilitation recommended to the disabled person, concrete volumes, types and terms of carrying out rehabilitation measures, and also types of the social help are defined. The individual program of rehabilitation presented to disabled people, is the document obligatory for execution by the appropriate government bodies, and also the enterprises, associations, establishments and the organizations [4].
For implementation of rehabilitation of disabled people republican local bodies taking into account needs of disabled people for the rehabilitation help and local conditions began to create a network of the rehabilitation centers, offices of recovery treatment in the out-patient and stationary treatment-and-prophylactic establishments, special teaching and educational establishments, specialized sanatorium institutions, the enterprises and establishments on rendering social services to disabled people.
Bodies of national education together with bodies of health care, work and social protection are obliged to provide preschool and out-of-school education of disabled children, vocational training of disabled people, receiving by them the general average, secondary vocational and higher education according to the individual program of rehabilitation.
For preschool education of disabled children are created optimum a condition for education and rehabilitation of such children of the preschool age which state of health excludes possibility of their stay in preschool institutions of the general type, Community of People's Deputies with involvement of the enterprises and associations, establishments, the organizations have to create for this purpose special preschool institutions, including houses boarding schools.
The organization of education and training of children of disabled people at home is carried out in a case when there is no opportunity to carry out education and training of disabled people in the general or special preschool institutions and educational institutions, and taking into account desire of parents education and training are carried out at home [3]. Thus to one of parents or the person, it replacing, are provided material security and privileges in an order and on the conditions determined by the Cabinet of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
For full and harmonious development of disabled children, education at them public activity, interest to work, familiarizing with science, equipment, art and sports bodies of national education, other government bodies are obliged to provide availability of out-of-school education to disabled children, creating for this purpose necessary conditions.
To the disabled children who are constantly staying in stationary establishments, these establishments provide an education and education continuity in limited communication with social and labor adaptation.
Vocational training and professional development of disabled people are provided in educational institutions, at the enterprises, in associations and the organizations (specialized or the general type), and also at the enterprises and in associations of public organizations of disabled people, together with establishments of the social help according to the individual program of rehabilitation.
The material security of disabled people during vocational training and professional development is carried out at the expense of the state, defined by the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Education, vocational training and professional development of disabled people are carried out in various forms, including in internal and intramural and extramural forms, without attending lectures, by training in special groups, classes and by individual curricula, including training at home.
Having received certain labor skills, disabled people have to use correctly them, in it the state, public organizations and others have to promote them. Realization by disabled people of the right for work - the main this employment of disabled people, working conditions of disabled people and a privilege for the enterprises applying work of disabled people. For realization of creative and production abilities of disabled people and taking into account individual programs of rehabilitation the right to work at the enterprises, in associations, establishments and the organizations with usual working conditions, at the specialized enterprises, in shops and at the sites applying work of disabled people, and also to be engaged in the individual and other work which hasn't been forbidden by the law is provided to them.
Refusal in an execution of an employment agreement or in promotion, dismissal at the initiative of administration, transfer of the disabled person to other work without his consent based on disability aren't allowed, except for cases when according to the conclusion of medico-social examination the state of his health interferes with performance of professional duties or threatens health and safety of work of the disabled person or other persons. The disabled person after restoration of the working capacity has the right for employment for former or equivalent work.
For employment of disabled people by government bodies with participation of trade-union and public organizations of disabled people standards for booking at the enterprises, in associations, establishments and the organizations of workplaces for disabled people of not less than three percent from number working (not less than 34 people) are established.
Taking into account needs of disabled people and local features the specialized enterprises, shops and sites for use of work of disabled people are created. Visually impaired persons have the privilege of participation in the production which conditions correspond to their opportunities.
Local state governing bodies, the enterprises and associations give necessary help to the disabled people working at home, and also to the disabled people occupied with individual work, in granting non-residential premises for the specified activity, in acquisition of raw materials and production sale. The enterprises, associations, establishments and the organizations in which work of disabled people is applied, have the right of the preferential taxation, financing and material support.
All disabled people of independence of age, sex, nationality are given social help. There are some types of the social help:
- social help to disabled people is given in the form of monetary payments,
- providing with technical and other means, including cars, wheelchairs, prosthetic and orthopedic products, printing editions with a special font, the sound-amplifying equipment and signaling devices,
- rendering services in medical, social and professional rehabilitation and consumer services, transport services [1].
Technical or other tool is provided to the disabled person according to the individual program of rehabilitation free of charge or on favorable terms. If technical or other tool provided by the individual program of rehabilitation can't be provided to the disabled person by government body
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or if the disabled person got an appropriate means on own account, compensation in the order established by the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan is paid to it. To the disabled people needing extraneous leaving and the help, bodies of the social help provide medical and household services at home or in stationary establishments. The state promotes development of a network of stationary establishments of the social help to the disabled people needing extraneous leaving.
If the worker or the employee received disability because of the enterprise, associations, establishments, the organizations and this enterprise, association, establishment needs foreign leaving, the organization are obliged to keep at own expense the home worker on care of the patient for the period of loss of working capacity by it according to the conclusion of bodies of health care and medical labor commissions of experts and to compensate to the victim the caused it material and moral damage [2].
Conditions of stay of disabled people in the house boarding school or other stationary establishment of the social help have to provide possibility of realization with disabled people of their legitimate rights and interests and to promote the maximum satisfaction of needs of the personality. In a case when as a result of rehabilitation measures need of further stay of the disabled person for the house boarding school or other stationary establishment of the social help disappeared, the well-planned living space according to requirements of existing Laws has to be provided to it by local public authority. The disabled children staying in stationary establishments, being orphans or deprived of guardianship of parents, on reaching majority are provided to Community of People's Deputies out of turn with living space according to the individual program of rehabilitation if it provides opportunity to carry out self-service and to lead an independent life.
Social service of disabled people, including providing with food and other consumer goods, providing municipal and other services, is carried out on favorable terms, People's Deputies defined by Community with participation of trade-union and public associations of disabled people, establishments of the social help. Community People's Deputies at least once a year will organize inspection of social conditions of disabled people and take necessary measures for their improvement. Social help to disabled people is given Community of People's Deputies, their executive and administrative organs, departments of social security, bodies of health care, national education, culture, physical culture and sport and other government bodies on the basis of the conclusions of medico-social examination according to the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Sources of financing of the social help to disabled people is, first of all, the state. The social help is provided at the expense of means republican and local budgets, an off-budget Pension fund, funds of social protection of disabled people, and also voluntary contributions of the organizations, associations and citizens.
To the enterprises, associations, establishments and the organizations financing actions, connected with rendering the social help to disabled people, tax benefits in an order and on the conditions determined by the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan are provided [1].
Thus, in Uzbekistan Government structures (Ministries of Health, work and social protection, education, culture and sports) public organizations specially created in the republics - Societies of disabled people, "Sen elgiz emas san" Fund, International not governmental fund "Soglom avlod uchun", "Children's fund", Public fund of the help to children and teenagers with paralyzes" Umr", Local committees, and also representatives specially allocated at everyone enterprise for employment of disabled people and to creation of necessary conditions by it on workplaces are engaged in problems of medical adaptation and social rehabilitation of disabled people.
Список литературы на английском языке /References in English
1. Abzalov M. M., Abdufattaev A. A. Sotsialno-economic characteristics of primary disability of the population of Tashkent // Economy Health Sector. Russia, 2001. № 7-8 (56). P. 10-60.
2. Asadov D. A., Sharipova M. K. The significance of their economic disability since childhood and ways of optimization of medical measures to reduce them // Pediatrics (Uzb.), 2003. Spetsialny release. P. 6-10.
3. Balewa L. S. Rehabilitation assistance to disabled children and disabled since childhood // health. Magazine for the head and the chief accountant, 2002. № 10. P. 66-69.
4. Dementieva N. F., Ivanova O. Y. Social technologies, factors and mechanisms of socialization podroskov disabled // Mediko-social examination and rehabilitation, 2004. № 2. P. 21-24.
FOR STANDARDIZATION ISSUE QUALITY OF WATER SUPPLY SOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN
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Мukhamedova N. , ^rbanova M. , Аrislanova N. К ВОПРОСУ СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ КАЧЕСТВА ВОДЫ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЯ В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ
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Мухамедова Н. С. , Курбанова М. Б. , Арисланова Н. Х.
1Мухамедова Нигора Сайдимухтаровна /Mukhamedova Nigora Saidmuhtarovna - кандидат
медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра общественного здоровья и управления здравоохранением; 2Курбанова Муборакхан Бобур кизи / Kurbanova Muborakhan Bobur kizi - студент,
факультет лечебного дела; 3Aрислaновa Навруза Хусниддин кизи /Arislanova Navruza Husniddin kizi - студент, педиатрический факультет, Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: the article analyzes the quality of water sources centralized drinking water supply in Uzbekistan, which is governed by a standard 951: 2011 "Sources of centralized drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and rules of choice". As standardized indicators used indicator organisms: Enterococcus (Str. Faecalis) and staphylococci (St. Aureus). Completed experimental studies give reason to assume that the studied indicator microorganisms have different resistance to disinfectant chemicals used in water supply practice. There is a direct relationship of dying off microorganisms in the water in dependence of time and concentration of chemical substances disinfecting water.
Аннотация: в статье анализируется качество воды источников централизованного хозяйственно-питьевого водоснабжения в Узбекистане, которые регламентируются стандартом 951:2011 «Источники централизованного хозяйственно-питьевого водоснабжения. Гигиенические, технические требования и правила выбора». В качестве нормируемых показателей использовали индикаторные микроорганизмы: энтерококки (Str. Faecalis) и стафилококки (St. Aureus). Выполненные экспериментальные исследования дают основание считать, что изученные индикаторные микроорганизмы обладают различной устойчивостью к действию дезинфицирующих химических веществ, используемых в водопроводной практике. Отмечается прямая взаимосвязь отмирания микроорганизмов в воде в зависимости от времени и концентрации химических дезинфицирующих воду веществ.
Keywords: drinking water, water sources, indicator organisms, water quality.
Ключевые слова: вода питьевая, источники водоснабжения, индикаторные
микроорганизмы, качество воды.
In a number of the CIS countries to date, the main indicator normalized in reservoirs of drinking purposes, it is to define glucose positive coliform bacteria and E. Coli, which are considered as indicators of fresh fecal contamination of water. The quality of water sources of centralized drinking water supply in Uzbekistan is governed by the standard of O'zDST 951: 2011 "Sources of centralized drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules "[1]. The quality of water
