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Yakhshiboev B.A.
Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Kashkadarya Academic Lyceum
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. In our country, as a result of the liberalization of the economy, the development of science and technology, fundamental changes are taking place in the agrarian sector as well as in all other sectors. The development of this sector is considered as an important priority for the state and society. The main reason for this is that the agrarian sector is the main sector that provides food industry enterprises with raw materials while solving the country's food problems. In our republic, great attention is being paid to the implementation of the cluster system, market relations and experiences, which have been tested in international practice and are of great importance in the development and stability of the economy.
Key words: agrocluster, market relations, agrarian sector, efficiency in agro-industry, production, service, stability, competitive product, efficiency, economic efficiency.
Taking into account that the economy specializing in the production of finished products, not raw materials, leads the world, there are enough opportunities to implement this method in our country. At the moment, issues of land allocation, training of specialist personnel, scientific and technical innovation of production are being solved for the enterprises being established. The most important thing is to increase land productivity in order to achieve production efficiency, and it is important to organize it on the basis of a scientific and practical approach to agrotechnical and biochemical processes in plant care.
A cluster is an interconnected group of geographically close organizations that compete with each other, but at the same time cooperate to ensure the competitiveness of the entire cluster, service organizations specializing in their activities, organizations that supply equipment, and network organizations that accompany them. It is also a group of various industry organizations related to their activities (research institutes, universities, standardization agencies, trade associations, etc.) and a number of other organizations.
The purpose of the state cluster policy is to create conditions for increasing the level of competitiveness of the economy through the introduction of the cluster model of development. In accordance with this goal, the following tasks of the state cluster policy should be defined:
- formation of a regulatory framework regulating activities in the field of cluster development;
- setting priorities for the formation and development of clusters and monitoring in the field of cluster development;
- creating conditions for the development and implementation of cluster initiatives and projects;
- formation of a state support system for the cluster model of economic development and ensuring its operation.
The system of clusters was introduced in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017, according to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 19, 2017 "On measures to establish a modern cotton and textile cluster in the Bukhara region" PQ-2978- "VST cluster" LLC JV in Bukhara region based on Resolution No. and "Bek cluster" based on Resolution No. " LLC JV cotton-textile clusters were established as an experiment. After the cluster system showed good results, various clusters were established throughout our country.
Today, clusters of cotton weaving, grain growing and fruit and vegetable growing are operating in the republic. In recent years, ambitious plans have been set in agriculture, as in all other sectors. Ensuring development in this area serves to satisfy the population's direct demand for food products, supply industrial enterprises with raw materials and ensure their normal operation. Therefore, in the next five years, the main goal of agricultural sector subjects is to increase productivity by at least 2 times, to thoroughly process raw materials, to increase the export of the sector to 7 billion dollars, and to further increase the employment and income of the population. In this, clusters are given priority as the main driver producers, as the base and as the leading business entity. This system created the ground for big changes in a short time. For example, in one cotton factory, fiber processing increased by 2.5 times and reached 100%. Also, the production of yarn has doubled, the production of finished products has increased 3 times, and exports will reach 3 billion dollars by the end of 2022.
Taking into account the world experience of increasing the level of competitiveness of the economy, the centralization of state actions on the introduction of the cluster model of development implies the following directions of the state cluster policy: development and adoption of projects of regulatory and legal documents, the development of which can be implemented within them (national technological platforms, innovation complexes, associations of cluster participants, strategic alliances, etc.), as well as state support in the implementation of cluster projects - support measures; -organization and implementation of continuous monitoring of the processes of formation and development of clusters based on small business and private entrepreneurship, including setting priorities for their development in the regional area.
It is also required to organize the identification (determination) of clusters formed on the basis of small business and private entrepreneurship, and to develop methodological recommendations for the organization and
implementation of monitoring over the cluster development of the economy, reflecting methodological issues; - organizational and methodological support in the development and implementation of cluster initiatives and projects. For this purpose, it is planned to establish social advisory councils and commissions among representatives of the business community, science and education interested in the implementation of cluster initiatives and projects under the Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Innovative Development and authorities; -supporting self-organization of small business and private entrepreneurship on the formation of clusters, including the development and promotion of cluster initiatives with the implementation of cluster projects in the future.
In recent years, our country has been enriched with advanced technologies in every field, in particular, the changes in agriculture carried out by the initiatives of our country's president Sh.M. Mirziyoyev are no exception. As stated by the President of our country Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, it is appropriate to create a cluster system in all areas. In fact, the creation of cluster systems in oil, gas, chemistry, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, informatics, automobile construction, transport logistics, food, education, fisheries, poultry, beekeeping, sericulture and other fields will increase the volume of financing of scientific research and development, the quality of improves, increases the level of technical support of scientific research works, participation in external investment projects, creates new opportunities for training and upgrading the skills of scientific and pedagogical personnel. In addition, educational and scientific-research centers in the cluster system create new scientific and methodological developments, test them in a short period of time, encourage the work of employees and specialists in production and scientific research, brand new goods in Uzbekistan. there are ample opportunities and conditions for inventing. The national government and regional authorities should play a leading role.
Creation of agricultural clusters in the conditions of Uzbekistan should be based on the following principles: creation of technical conditions, re-equipment of industry based on really working commercial mechanisms and attraction of investments; very active implementation of innovations both in technology and management, which certainly ensures the stable development of cluster entities and their competitiveness at the regional and national levels. The region should have a favorable environment for doing business - no corruption, no economic crimes, interest of the authorities in doing business legally, not using "shadow" schemes.
REFERENCES
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No. PF4947 "On the strategy of actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan". Collection of legal documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 6, Article 70.
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