CC BY
7
UDK 004.02:004.5:004.9
Isroilov Sh.Sh. senior lecturer Andijan Machine-Building Institute Uzbekistan, Andijon
M2M POTENTIALS IN LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION
INDUSTRY
Annotation: All over the world, road congestion is among themost prevalent transport challenges usually in urban environments which not only increases fuel consumption and emission of harmful gases, but also causes stress for the drivers. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) enables a better use of the infrastructure by connecting vehicles to other vehicles as well as infrastructure and thus delivers a faster communication opportunity to ensure safe and secure driving.
Keywords: Road congestion, Intelligent transportation systems, Information and communication technologies, Machine to machine, Relay nodes, LTE-Advanced.
1 INTRODUCTION
The dramatic use of communication technologies (wired and wireless), embedded systems as well as increasing penetration of the Internet has not only revolutionalized human lives, but also reshaped almost all types of business models and processes [1]. M2M communication is one of the emerging technologies which offers ubiquitous connectivity among intelligent devices, hence is one of the major enablers of the Internet-of-Things (IoTs) vision [2]. (IoT) is an innovative concept which offers to connect smart devices often called things endowed with several sensing, automation as well as computing capabilities, with the Internet [3]. Resultantly, the connected devices are revolutionizing the future cyber physical systems, yielding several applications. Moreover, the mobile network operators are partnering with industrial organizations in order to bring forth innovative (IoT) services to facilitate end consumers. For instance, M2M applications include intelligent transportations, logistics and supply chain management, e-health, smart metering, surveillance and security, smart cities, and home automation [4-6]. Thus, M2M communication is foreseen to reshape the business of operators, service providers, M2M enterprises, and M2M enablers [7]. Vodafone revealed that M2M communication is becoming one of the driving forces for businesses which inspires to bring forth innovative solutions almost in every sector such as logistics, automotive industry, cities, homes, schools, and workplaces [8]. Approximately 90 % of the companies worldwide have adopted M2M technology and imparted it as one of the most favorable technologies for achieving noticeable outcomes.
Automotive industry is one of the top sectors for adopting M2M technology. Approximately 32 and 17 % increasing growth rates for adopting M2M technology have been noticed in automotive and logistic sectors, respectively, as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, ITS and logistics are considered as one of the potential M2M users worldwide [9]. In addition, NOKIA forecasted that the use of M2M technology in automotive industry and logistical processes will dominate other applications in the future [10]. One of the major motivations is to deliver a fully managed infrastructure which primarily guarantees, e.g., safe and secure driving, in time delivery, smart monitoring, and tracking of assets. Resultantly, this can revolutionize the existing methods of transportation and freight movements. In addition, optimum system performance can be achieved by reducing factor of costs, pollution and emission of harmful gases. Mobile M2M communication greatly differs from traditional human-to-human (H2H) communication in terms of traffic density, data packet size, and quality of service (QoS) requirements [11]. For instance, an experimental study done in [12] shows that M2M traffic exhibits a significantly different behavior than the traditional smartphone traffic in various aspects. For example, unlike traditional mobile traffic, M2M is an uplink1 dominant traffic which particularly generates bursty traffic volumes.
□ Energy and Utilities
□ Automotive
□ Retail
□ Consumer electronics
□ e-healthcare
□ Logistics ■ Manufacturing
Fig. 1 An illustration of leading industries adoption M2M technology worldwide, based on the Vodafone report
2 Mobile M2M communications
This section presents an overview of ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) M2M architecture followed by the major M2M use cases and services in transportation and logistics.
2.1 ETSI M2M architectural overview
The high-level ETSI M2M network architecture is shown in Fig. 2. The major components of mobile M2M communication architecture include the device, communication as well as server domains. The primary functionality of the device domain is to collect and send sensor data such as the internal temperature and humidity level of a container, position and speed of a vehicle, and fuel consumption. The role of the communication network is to create a
communication path between the devices and servers through either wired or wireless networks such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and cellular networks (e.g., LTE-Advanced), respectively. Finally, the server domain consists of a middleware layer where the collected packets go through several application services and later are used by related agencies. Thus, M2M technology employs wired, wireless, and hybrid communication opportunities among devices to ensure a fully automatic acquisition, processing, and transmission of data.
2.2 M2M use cases Mobile
M2M communication offers manifold applications and services in modern transport and logistical processes such as onboard security, traffic and infrastructure management, fleet management, and route planning . In case of an emergency, the collected data are sent to other vehicles as well as infrastructure to gain immediate attention. To avoid further incidents, communication between the infrastructure and the vehicles must be very fast to detect emergency messages and deliver warning messages immediately. Similarly, traffic and infrastructure management play a prominent role in handling the problem of road congestion. It tackles the problem by providing two-way communication opportunities between vehicles and infrastructure. Vehicles can send status updates about the position, speed, fuel consumption, and delivery status reports to the infrastructure and can also receive relevant instructions about road accidents and emergency braking system. Moreover, M2M communications support several operations such as tracking of a stolen vehicle, traffic reports, and route planning as well as infotainment services. For instance, to recover a stolen vehicle, SVT (Stolen Vehicle Tracking) service providers request data about the location from Telematic Control Unit (TCU) located inside the vehicle. In addition, drivers are also updated by sending reports regarding traffic in a particular region so that they can change or plan new routes in case of traffic jam or an emergency. Furthermore, infotainment services aim to provide news/information to drivers and passengers through mobile TV, web-browsing, etc. Fleet management is also one of the major M2M applications in logistics. The movements of vehicles, containers, buses, and cars are being tracked regularly through devices which collect data of the location, vehicle speed, temperature, distribution progress, fuel consumption and send this information to monitoring servers. Through regular monitoring, several activities of the system can be performed in an efficient way. For instance, the goods which are transported from one place to another are
monitored regularly in order to accomplish in time delivery and to handle any undesirable situation during shipment processes.
Fig. 2 ETSI mobile M2M communication architecture along with an overview of major M2M applications in intelligent transportation and logistics, based on
Conclusion
The latest 3GPP LTE-Advanced networks have primarily focused on dominating non-cellular technologies to support M2M applications also in the future. Since automotive applications and logistical processes demand wide coverages, increased data rates, high reliability, and low costs, LTE-Advanced is considered as the ready-to-use technology to fulfill the future M2M service requirements. Nevertheless, the major challenge is to support the myriad of devices sending small-sized data and thus inefficiently utilizing radio resources (PRBs). Since the spectrum for mobile networks will remain a scarce resource, new concepts for new traffic type demand careful planning and evaluation. In this paper, the data multiplexing scheme is proposed to overcome the risk of inefficient PRB utilization for mobile M2M traffic. Our results show that approximately 40 % more M2M devices in ITS and logistics are served under the present system settings as compared to the state of the art without the use of multiplexing approach.
References:
1. Zhang Y, Yu R, Nekovee M, Liu Y, Xie S, Gjessing S (2012) Cognitive machine-to-machine communications: visions and potentials for the smart grid. IEEE Netw 26(3):6-13
2. Taleb T, Kunz A (2012) Machine type communications in 3GPP networks: potential, challenges, and solutions. IEEE Commun Mag 50(3):178-184
3. Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G (2010) The internet of things: a survey. Comput Netw 54(15):2787-2805
4. Exalted: Expanding LTE for Devices. http: //www.ict-exalted .eu/ fileadmin/documents/EXALTED_WP2_D2.1.pdf. Accessed 30 Sept 2013
5. Towards 50 billion connected devices. Technical report, ERICSSON (2010)
