CC BY
9УДК 621.311
Mustafayeva Fidan
Laboratory assistant of the Department Power Industry Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
LOSS CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE ELECTRIC NETWORK
Abstract: after the production of electricity, losses during its distribution are considered as an important issue. Currently, loss control, electricity metering and loss prevention are one of the urgent issues. Electricity measurement, detection and elimination of losses affect energy-saving technologies. Certain methods and smart technologies have been proposed to prevent losses during the distribution of electricity.
Keywords: electric energy, control, energy losses, modern methods, smart meter.
Introduction. Losses and leakages in electricity cause significant financial losses. Causes of losses: network load, state of power supply, inefficient operation and wear of used equipment and materials, generation, width of transmission and distribution network and natural causes. In particular, since the power generation centers are far from residential areas, losses occur before reaching the consumer. On the other hand, interruptions caused by faults in the general power grid system for various reasons also play an important role in losses. Although the breakdowns and interruptions are reduced due to the development of technology, there are losses in the repair and maintenance process.
In modern conditions,application of WAMS Ц Wide Area Measurement Systems technologies, local assessment algorithms of the state of the energy system can be easily integrated into the automatic control system (AIS) of EES objects.
Approach metod. Automatic Meter Reading Systems (AMRS) are among the preferred systems to be used to deliver electricity to the consumer with the latest
technology infrastructure and to calculate the electricity offered to the consumer with the least loss. It uses AMRS, the most basic system for lost and illegal use. AMRS is a state-of-the-art system used in loss and leakage prevention. AMRS has the ability to automatically read meter data remotely, transmit the data to a central system and verify it. In addition, data backfilling is defined as systems established by electricity distribution companies to store data and include the necessary software, hardware and communication infrastructure.
The AMR system is part of the principle of creating a Smart grid system with state-of-the-art digital meters replacing mechanical meters. One of the main goals of the central government is to take advantage of the necessity of the digital age in the provision of electricity service. The AMR system is a program that all distribution companies must use in accordance with the rules of the EMCB. Necessary information was provided about the infrastructure projects to be implemented by EMCB as part of the "Procedures and Principles on the Scope of Automatic Meter Reading Systems and Determination of Meter Values" published by the "Energy Market Control Board". EMCB-24 In accordance with the Regulations, electricity distribution companies are required to reduce leakage rates up to the targets set by EMCB in general, are obliged to enable AMRS to provide uninterrupted service to residential and commercial customers in the normal current range. AMRS mainly consists of the information communication infrastructure and main control center of meters installed in digital meter centers of individual and commercial subscribers, modems installed in transformers and meters installed in LV meter panels. Automatic meter reading is done with AMRS servers located in central offices and campuses, and field staff can be monitored through modems in transformers by providing a password. consists of modems installed in transformers and information communication infrastructure of meters installed in LV meter panels and main control center. Automatic meter reading is done with AMRS servers located in central offices and campuses, and field staff can be monitored through modems in transformers by providing a password. Consists of modems installed in transformers and information communication infrastructure of
meters installed in LV meter panels and main control center. Automatic meter reading is done with AMRS servers located in central offices and campuses, and field staff can be monitored through modems in transformers by providing a password.
The main functions of AMRS are as follows: 1. Measurement of customer consumption by kW, kVAr, kVA; 2. Measurement of maximum demand kW, kVAr, kVA; 3. Ability to read quickly on demand; 4. Ability to create tariff profiles based on time of use; 5. Fraud/fraud reporting; 6. Energy quality monitoring and reporting; 7. Remote subscription opening and closing.
Figure 2. Basic structure and components of AMRS
Advantages of the AMR system. AMRS provides many benefits for both the company and the consumer. The main advantages of the system are as follows. 1. "Reducing human errors that may occur due to manual reading in the field; 2. Automatic transfer and storage of data to the central system; 3. Reduction of operational costs; 4. Reduction of reading and settlement times; 5. Reception and monitoring of consumer data in real time; 6. Immediate detection of unauthorized interventions on the meter; 7. Prevention of illegal use of the meter; 8. Facilitation of bilateral agreements and reconciliation system; 9. Using real-time consumption data in demand management.
The AMRS system also has some risks and issues. The risks and problems of the system can be listed as follows:
1. Risks caused by the lower quality of local meters than their counterparts abroad and incorrect measurement, especially for large consumers;
2. Firm dependence continues as the industry standard is still undefined;
3. AMRS modems and software do not have the desired functionality, performance and quality due to strong internal competition, small scale of AMRS supplier companies and inability to invest in research and development;
4. Current AMRS software architecture is not scalable for 250,000 reading points, FKM design and no performance issues;
5. Need for Meter Data Management Software to integrate various modems such as PLC, RF, ADSL in addition to GSM/GPRS to AMRS;
6. Unoptimized system design resulting from reading a 20 TL meter with a 240 TL modem, as the concepts of Smart Modem, Smart Meter and Smart Software are not resolved;
7. Since time synchronization of meters cannot be done remotely, reading, loss and leakage cannot be calculated at the same time.
AMRS 's strategy is mainly focused on eliminating the above-mentioned risks and problems and improving quality. The current AMRS is only used for invoicing, i.e. remote reading of the index based on the calculation. Basically, it transmits the index and load profile data of one meter to the center once a day via GSM/GPRS modem. However, this strategy aims to transform the AMRS system into a smart and versatile advanced meter infrastructure system and implement the following functions:
• Data management
• Energy Data Management
• Loss-theft calculation (hourly instead of monthly)
• GSM Operator SLA Monitoring and management
• Modem inventory management
• Transformer monitoring
• Remote On-Off
• Supports PLC, RF, Wi-Fi and PSTN communication protocol in addition to GSM/GPRS
Ц Time synchronization and synchronous reading
Ц Counter tampering and alarming in case of power failure.
Conclusion. The proposed method for control of losses in electric networks allows to determine the location of unauthorized sampling with modern technologies and output power balance. The accuracy classes of devices on the line of consumers should be taken into account, the accounting of consumed electric energy should be fully automated. Determination of certain norms, development of regime parameters, schemes and programs should be taken into account to control the losses during the transmission of electricity.
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