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358LOGISTICS: TYPES OF TRANSPORT
Bobur Ruziyev
Yulduz Bakhriddinova
Student of KarSU
Teacher of KarSU
ABSTRACT
This article provides information on the field of logistics and the types and advantages of transport vehicles
Keywords: logistics, transport, air transport, water transport
The term "logistics" was originally used by the military to describe how it obtained, stored and moved its equipment and supplies. The term as we know it remains the same but with the rise of consumerism and subsequent growth of more complex supply chains, it has evolved. It refers to the process of coordinating and moving resources such as equipment, food, inventory, materials and even people from one location to another.
There are not only a ton of transportation companies in Toronto to choose from, there are various transport methods as well. There are a number of different modes of transportation in the logistics industry, each having its own merits and disadvantages. From road, railway, marine, and air transportation, the method that you select depends on a few factors. For example, industries that need to transport heavy products opt for railway transportation along with road and Maritime transportation. These methods have the ability to accommodate heavier products, making them the ideal choice over air transportation. In this post, we'll discuss five common types of transportation in the logistics industry:
• Roadway;
• Rail;
• Marine;
• Air;
• intermodal transportation.
ROAD TRANSPORTATION
There are many advantages to road transportation, especially for companies who rely on fast delivery to retain their customers. If goods are meant to be transported immediately to the Maritimes from Mississauga, for example, your best bet would be ground shipping transportation [1-12]. Water transport is notoriously slow, and it can be a hassle to book railway transportation.
Maritime trucking to Mississauga and other locations is more cost-effective than other options; with rail transport, if there isn't a railway that leads to your desired destination, you'll have to build it, which can be a costly investment. However, there are
roads that lead to pretty much everywhere, and are built and paid for by the government; more often than not, you'll only have to pay a small fee to use them. Roadway transportation to Atlantic Canada from Mississauga can also be cost-effective since it provides door-to-door or warehouse-to-warehouse service. This allows cartage, as well and loading and unloading expenses, to be significantly lower compared to other methods.
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Railway transportation is arguably the most dependable method of transport to the Maritimes from Toronto and pretty much anywhere else. Unlike road and marine transport, rail is hardly affected by weather conditions. Transport trains will run in rain, fog, snow, and other conditions that would otherwise delay shipments carried by other methods. With fixed schedules that run regularly, railway service is more certain compared to other methods of shipment.
Rail transport also offers huge carrying capacities, which can grow to fit your needs. Unlike trucks or boats, which have a fixed about of space that can't be exceeded, additional wagons can always be added to trains if you need more room. In addition to all the benefits for you and your company, you'll also be giving great opportunities to surrounding communities [13-22]. Rail transport can provide employment opportunities to both skilled and unskilled workers, making it a positive choice for the entire community. The biggest disadvantage, however, is that if there are delays in the transportation, it can actually take much longer to get your freight delivered than with other methods of transportation. With rail transportation, you need to schedule container drop off and pick up at the terminals which could end up taking a long time.
MARINE TRANSPORTATION
Marine transportation is notoriously slow, but that doesn't matter when a product has a long lead time. This is a great option for those looking to ship bulky items that aren't in much of a rush. Often cheaper than road transport, ships are usually the main cost that you'll incur—you won't have to worry about road tolls and other similar charges. While roadway transportation can easily be delayed by rain or other types of inclement weather, the same conditions may not affect marine transport.
The main disadvantage of marine transport is that it can be difficult to monitor the exact location of the goods in transit, which can be a deal-breaker for some. As you've read in our past posts, being able to track freight is a common expectation of consumers who order things from online retailers and can affect their purchase decision [23-30]. While there are many advantages to marine transport, the downside of the lack of ability to closely track the exact whereabouts of the specified freight can be crucial.
AIR TRANSPORTATION
Air transport is extremely useful for many reasons: it's convenient, fast, and doesn't have to compete with natural barriers. While road transport is the quickest way
to deliver goods that only have a short distance to travel, air transportation is the fastest option for freight that have a further destination—it's even regarded as the best mode of transportation for perishable goods for this reason.
In addition, air transportation doesn't require the infrastructure investment that railways do; airplanes fly freely, which means you don't need to spend the initial cash building a pathway to your destination for it to get there! The lack of barriers also means that it's accessible to all areas, regardless the obstruction of land. However, one main disadvantage is that planes can easily be affected by pretty much any type of inclement weather. Whether it's rain, snow, or high winds, your shipment is likely to get delayed if any weather condition becomes extreme.
INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION
As you've probably noticed through reading this post, each method of transport has its advantages and disadvantages. What if you could combine the pros of each method to create one innovative method? That's exactly what intermodal transportation is. Intermodal transportation offers the best of both worlds: it combines various transportation methods to give you the fastest shipping time possible. Not only is this method time-efficient, it's cost-efficient as well. More shippers are taking advantage of the option to reap the benefits of the cost savings, environmental benefits, and highway safety results. With the lower rates, predictable pricing, standardized transit schedules, and flexibility, intermodal transportation is continuing to rise in popularity.
There are many types of logistics. The most well-known type is sales logistics that moves products from the producer to the consumer. In addition, there are a number of other types of logistics, such as procurement logistics which is the flow of raw materials and parts, production logistics which is the flow of materials inside a factory or business, recovery logistics which is the return flow of returns from consumers and waste, and recycling logistics which is the flow of recyclable materials. This section describes the types and fields of logistics in depth.
Logistics can be split into five types by field: procurement logistics, production logistics, sales logistics, recovery logistics, and recycling logistics. Each of these is explained in detail, but first we should learn about logistics fields and types. For recovery logistics and recycling logistics, both types are the same up to the recovery of goods from consumers, but recycling logistics is the type that recycles the goods that are collected.
Procurement logistics is the flow of goods when the raw materials and parts necessary for manufacturing are procured from suppliers. This field did not attract much attention before, but now that small-lot production of a variety of models is the main type of production, many firms are actively pursuing production by procuring the necessary materials in only the necessary amounts at the necessary times (the shift to just-in-time production) because it is directly connected to reducing inventory costs.
Production logistics is the flow of goods that includes the management of procured parts and materials, distribution inside a factory, product management, packaging, and shipping to warehouse. Delivery management, warehouse dispatch management, and shipping management can be optimized and the state of delivery vehicles can be managed by smoothly linking procurement logistics and sales logistics described later.
Logistics typically refers to sales logistics. In the past this was mainly delivery from delivery centers and logistics warehouses to distribution points such as wholesalers and retailers. But now direct delivery also makes up a large amount of this volume due to online shopping and e-commerce. Whether delivery through delivery centers and logistics warehouses or direct delivery from production sites, higher efficiency in transportation and delivery and shrinking inventory are indispensable for delivering the necessary goods to the necessary people in the necessary quantities at the necessary time. This also contributes to improving customer satisfaction.
The two main categories of logistics are inbound logistics, which refers to all the processes of the gathering, handling, storing and transportation of inbound materials, and outbound logistics, which involves the collection, maintenance and delivery of products to the customer.
The other categories of logistics are:
- Third Party Logistics: a company's use of third-party businesses to outsource elements of its distribution.
- Fourth Party Logistics: a company's ability to outsource the entire management of its supply chain to another company.
- Green Logistics: the process of minimizing environmental damage done by logistics operations
- Digital Logistics: digital logistics management systems that enable the optimisation, visibility and collaboration between stakeholders in the end-to-end supply chain.
Types of logistics management
There are four main types of logistics management: supply, distribution, production and reverse logistics. Each type focuses on a different aspect of the supply process.
Supply
Supply management involves the planning and coordination of materials or products that are needed at a certain place and time to support the receiving company's production or activity.
Distribution
Distribution manages how a supplied and stored material is distributed to its required recipient. It involves the loading, unloading and transportation of material, the
tracking of stock and accountability of use, which is the recording of how the material is used and by whom. Production
BizFluent says that production logistics manages the stages of combining distributed supplies into a product. This can involve the coordination required in a manufacturing or assembling process. Reverse logistics
Lastly, reverse logistics involves the return of material and supplies from a production process. It plans for the removal of excess material and its re-absorption into a stock supply. For example, if there are bricks left over on a building site, it will be removed and returned to the supplier and reclaimed as stock.
In short, logistics is about providing the right goods to the right recipient in the right quantity at the right place at the right time.
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