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4A gricultural
Bulletin of Stavropol Regi
Stavropol Region
= № 4(24)/2 Supplement, 2016
UDK 338.48
Adamchevskaya V.
LOGISTIC COMPLEX AS AGROTOURISM DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
Abstract: sustainable development of rural territories one of the main goal in the modern time and the main important role in this process plays diversification of economy including agrotourism. To develop agrotourism in region necessary to start with logistic development and creating of logistic complex.
Key words: agrotourism, rural areas, rural tourism, health, sociocultural and spiritual effect, heritage, tourist flow of consumers, logistic systems, travel agencies, transport systems, logistic complex.
Adamchevskaya V. -
Postgraduate student of the Department of Socio-cultural service and tourism, Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russia Tel.: 8 (8652) 355980 E-mail: vikki.adam@yandex.ru
Agrotourism is rather young type of tourism and is positioned as rather inexpensive alternative to tourist resort rest using resources of rural areas as farm animals, birds and plants, natural, cultural, and historical resources. Resorting to the international practice, it should be noted that formation and development of agrotourism is large-scale action for expansion of a part of agrarian sector from the sphere of production to a services sector. The conducted scientific researches, experience of foreign countries and of number of the Russian regions demonstrate that agrotourism is an innovative type of tourist activity. The concept of agrotourism becomes synthesis of various definitions accepted in foreign countries where it is accepted to call the rest in rural areas like agrotourism, green or rural tourism. It should be noticed that also the direct production activity practices within agrotourism: revival and development of various national and art crafts, traditional handicraft trade, production of environmentally friendly foodstuff. A objective of agrotourism -to give an impulse for the development of certain rural settlements, increase the level of the income of their inhabitants, suppression of a migration flow from rural settlements to the city by the organization of new specific sector of local economy. Russia possesses agrotourist appeal, which hasn't been realized yet. Russian agriculture endures the difficult period today, every fourth resident of the village is out of civilized labor market here, and the number of the unemployed makes about 4 million people.
The North Caucasus is one of outstanding agrarian subjects of the Russian Federation, holding the special geographical and historical position in its structure. It is 10,5 % of the population of Russia from which 44,4 % - country people live. However, unlimited resource opportunities of the region for agrotourism development are used insufficiently because of poorly developed infrastructure now.
It is capable to influence process of overcoming of economic, tourist, social and spiritual crisis of the Russian province through the realization of powerful and rich capacity of the rural region on the basis of development of agrotourist sector of the North Caucasus. Besides, agrotourist services win popularity among city dwellers more and more. In many countries, agrotourism is one of the perspective directions of the industry of rest, which allows vacationers to spend time in picturesque and environmentally friendly corners of rural areas with big advantage for health and for the minimum cost, to be beyond the habitual high-comfortable ordinary. Development of agrotourist sector in North Caucasus region can and has to become an important point of economic, social, cultural and spiritual growth of the region. The socio-cultural and spiritual effect because of activi-zation of local creative resources, preservation and development of national, natural, historical, cultural, and spiritual heritage, increase of a self-assessment of local communities, emergence of positive social prospect has to become the most important result of development of what agrotourism in the North Caucasus.
Important component of agrotourist sector is the physical process connected with movement of people in space and that is why it is necessary to use technologies of logistics. Movement of a tourist flow of consumers to vacation spots and movement in vacation spots is characterized by relative stability, behind an exception a swagger - major circumstances (for example, failure of work of transport systems). Therefore, the material streams and service streams prevail. In general, studying of the material and accompanying streams in logistic systems in the tourism industry allows carrying out optimization of the existing systems and improvement of quality of customer service at all stages of rendering service. Management of streams, both in agrotour-
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Journal X^A.BuJtetta0'Stavropol Region
ist sector of the region, and at the level of separate rural locations in the sphere of tourism represents difficult process. As a result, of introduction of logistic approach through design and improvement of logistic systems in the industry not only in tourism, but also in particular in agrotourism, reliability and safety of functioning of systems of movement of human streams increases. Thereby there is a process of formation of a logistic complex which at the right and well-planned organizational process is capable to act as the mechanism for agrotourism development. Feature of management of stream processes in the sphere of tourism is that people at the same time are both objects of management, and objects of service as at the macrolevel (at the organization of movement of human streams to vacation spots), and at the microlevel (coordination of work of the different enterprises in vacation spots in relation to vacationers). Therefore, there is a problem of providing a complex of services in reasonable price to them at introduction of the concept of logistics in activity of agrotourism. Use of technologies of logistics in a logistic complex allows: to create uniform system of formation and movement of a tourist product; to reduce time intervals of formation, advance and realization of a tourist product; to reduce time and to increase quality of service in the course of providing tourist service; to satisfy various inquiries of a tourist flow of consumers.
Conclusion
When forming a logistic complex in the sphere of the address of tourist products it is necessary to allocate the operating and operated part of a complex. The operating part of a complex (subjects of logistics) are tour operators who form a tourist product and coordinate work previous and the subsequent in relation to them participants of process of rendering services. The operated part of a complex partially includes travel agencies, transport systems and a tourist flow of consumers. A problem of logistic management in the sphere of agrotourism is the effective organization of activity of a logistic complex and
increase of reliability of functioning on macro - and microlevel. On the other hand the operated part of a complex and the entering human streams making it possess stochasticity or uncertainty of indicators, so therefore problems of the operating part of a complex include decrease in uncertainty of the streams entering into this system, by rendering high level of service of a tourist flow of consumers at all levels of management. Besides, for decrease in uncertainty it is necessary to carry out systematically the complex analysis of the operated part of a complex. Thus, the most important component of tourist service in the course of rendering services in places of rural rest is accommodation of clients on tourist agrocomplexes, their food, rendering excursion services. The total impression at a tourist flow of consumers depends on many factors which part is the accuracy and timeliness of performance of separate logistic operations in the course of supply of tourist agrocomplexes of a different format and level, or at the organization of excursions. Use of logistics at the macrolevel assumes increase of accuracy and timeliness of cargo and people delivery to the destination by different types of transport by means of the logistic concept "exact in - term".
So for the successful formation and development of agrotourism it is required to approach in details with multilaterally studying to the creation of a logistic complex, which will be comprehensively supported and invested. In addition, interest of travel agencies of different level in the offer of this type of tourism is necessary. Professional managers are needed in concrete villages, who are ready to develop appropriate programs, to provide conditions of reception of tourists in the Russian remote place on condition of requirements of quality.
The most important advantage of agrarian tourism is his fast payback. In comparison with other sectors of the tourist industry (which are especially connected with development of large-scale hotel enterprise and infrastructure), the microeconomic model of rural tourism isn't so expensive.
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