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List of Questions for the General Population (Page numbers in brackets indicate where opinions and characteristics of various groups of the
population are presented)
9. How could you describe you current mood? 1) Excellent mood; 2) Normal, balanced mood; 3) Feelings of anxiety, „irritation; 4) Don't know; No answer. (47, 49, 54, 58)
9a. Generally speaking, how strongly are you now content with life? 1) Completely content; 2) Mostly content; 3) Partly content, partly not; 5) Mostly discontent; 6) Don't know; No answer. (49, 54, 58)
10. How would you evaluate the material condition of your family at present? 1) Very good; 2) Fairly good; 3) Average; 4) Bad; 5) Very bad; 6) Don't know; No answer. (47, 49, 54, 58)
11. How would you evaluate the economic situation in your town, rural district? 1) Very good; 2) Fairly good; 3) Average; 4) Bad; 5) Very bad; 6) Don't know; No answer. (47, 49, 54, 58)
12. How would you evaluate Russia's economic situation? 1) Very good; 2) Fairly good; 3) Average; 4) Bad; 5) Very bad; 6) Don't know; No answer. (47, 49, 54, 58)
13. Which of the following statements do you think to be better matching the current situation? 1) Not everything is bad and it is possible to live in this way; 2) Life is difficult but tolerable; 3) It is impossible to tolerate our miserable situation any more; 4) Don't know; No answer. (48, 49-50, 54, 58)
13a. Increase in the living standard brought about by reform is received by the public in different ways. How much time
do you think has left until people's patience has been completely exhausted? 1) Not more than one year; 2) From one year to five years; 3) From five to ten years; 4) More than ten years; 5) It will never happen; 6) People's patience has been already exhausted; 7) Don't know; No answer. (50, 55, 59)
14. Do you think that market reform in Russia is to be continued or stopped? 1) To be continued; 2) To be stopped; 3) Don't know; No answer. (50, 55, 59)
19. How would you evaluate in general the political situation in Russia? 1) Favourable; 2) Calm; 3) Strained; 4) Critical, explosive; 5) Don't know; No answer. (48, 50, 55, 59)
22. Do you think that within a year our life will go right or that no improvement will happen? 1) Will more or less go right;
2) No improvement will happen; 3) Don't know; No answer. (50, 55, 59)
23. Do you think that Russian leaders control the situation in the country or that the situation is beyond their control? 1) Leaders control the situation; 2) Situation is beyond control; 3) Don't know; No answer. (50, 55, 59)
25*. Please name five or six Russian political figures in whom you have most confidence: 1) Boris Yeltsin; 2) Vladimir Zhirinovsky; 3) Gennady Zyuganov; 4) Alexander Lebed; 5) Yuri Luzhkov; 6) Boris Nemtsov; 7) Aman Tuleyev; 8) Sviatoslav Fedorov; 9) Victor Chernomyrdin; 10) Anatoly Chubais; 11) Grigory Yavlinsky; 12) Other; 13) None; 1) Don't know; No answer. (50-51, 55, 59)
26. What estimate, on the scale from 1 to 10, would you give to the performance of Boris Yeltsin as Russia's President?
1) 1- the lowest ... 10) the highest; average on the scale; No answer. (51,59-60)
26. What estimate, on the scale from 1 to 10, would you give to the performance of Boris Yeltsin as Russia's President? Average on the scale (55)
27. What estimate, on the scale from 1 to 10, would you give to the performance of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin?
I) 1- the lowest ... 10) the highest; average on the scale; No answer. (51, 60)
27. What estimate, on the scale from 1 to 10, would you give to the performance of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin? Average on the scale. (55)
27a. What estimate, on the scale from 1 to 10, would you give to the performance of the Duma? 1) 1- the lowest ... 10) the highest; average on the scale; No answer. (51, 60)
27a. What estimate, on the scale from 1 to 10, would you give to the performance of the Duma? Average on the scale. (55)
28. What do you think is in store for Russia during forthcoming few months in politics? 1) Considerable improvement of the situation; 2) Some improvement of the situation; 3) Some deterioration of the situation; 4) Considerable deterioration of the situation; 5) Don't know; No answer. (51, 56, 60)
29. What do you think is in store for Russia during forthcoming few months in the economy? 1) Considerable improvement of the situation; 2) Some improvement of the situation; 3) Some deterioration of the situation; 4) Considerable deterioration of the situation; 5) Don't know; No answer. (51, 56, 60)
31a. Which of the problems existing in today's Russian society make you most anxious? 1) Shortage of food, everyday goods; 2) Price increase; 3) Expanding unemployment; 4) Crisis in the economy, output decline in industry and agriculture; 5) Rise of crime; 6) Crisis of moral and culture; 7) Deterioration of the environment; 8) Aggravation of ethnic relations; 9) Dramatic stratification between the wealthy and the poor; 10) Threat of fascism and extremism;
II) Corruption, bribery; 12) Weakness, inability of the state power; 13) Conflicts within the country's leadership; 14) Threat of military dictatorship; 15) Military conflicts on Russia's borders; 16) Other; 17) Don't know; No answer. (47-48, 52, 56, 60-61)
32. In your opinion, how much probable are now mass demonstrations in your city (rural area) against price increase and sinking in life standard? 1) Quite possible; 2) Little probable; 3) Don't know; No answer. (48)
32. In your opinion, how much probable are now mass demonstrations in your city (rural area) against price increase and sinking in life standard, in defence of people's rights? 1) Quite possible; 2) Little probable; 3) Don't know; No answer. (52, 56, 61)
33. If such meetings and demonstrations of protest happen, would take part in them? 1) Most likely yes; 2) Most likely no; 3) Don't know; No answer. (52, 56, 61)
33c. In your opinion, how much probable are protest actions with political claims of the president's or the government's retirement, the parliament's dissolution, to occur in your town (rural area)? 1) Quite possible; 2) Little probable; 3) Don't know; No answer. (52, 56, 61)
33da. Would you personally support protest actions claiming the president's retirement? 1) Yes; 2) More likely yes; 3) More likely no; 4) No; 5) Don't know; No answer. (52, 57, 61)
33db. Would you personally support protest actions claiming the government's retirement? 1) Yes; 2) More likely yes; 3) More likely no; 4) No; 5) Don't know; No answer. (52-53, 57, 61)
33dc. Would you personally support protest actions claiming the State Duma's dissolution? 1) Yes; 2) More likely yes; 3) More likely no; 4) No; 5) Don't know; No answer. (53, 57, 61)
33dd. Would you personally support protest actions claiming the local administration leaders' retirement? 1) Yes; 2) More likely yes; 3) More likely no; 4) No; 5) Don't know; No answer. (53, 57, 62)
35. The amount of income assessed by respondent as necessary for normal living (per family member; average value, N
thousand roubles) (48, 53, 57, 62)
37. Amount of income assessed by respondent as ensuring the actual subsistence minimum (average value, N thousand LL11. In your opinion, with what amount of average monthly income per head a family can be considered poor? (53, 57, 62) LL10. In your opinion, with what average money income per head a family may be considered rich? (53, 57, 62). 01c+06. Did you receive wages for past May? (For the working population.) (53, 57, 62).
06+010+01c. Respondent's money income for the previous month. (53, 57, 62).
III.
A45. If speaking of an "ideal family," how many children, in your opinion, should it have? 1) None; 2) One; 3) Two; 4) Three; 5) Four; 6) Five or more; 7) Don't know; No answer. (63, 65).
A46. In your opinion, what can be most of all helpful now to increasing the number of children in families like yours? 1) Sufficient improvement of housing conditions; 2) Introduction of substantial increments on wages after child-birth;
3) Prolongation of maternity leave; 4) Introduction of monthly subsidies for children under 16 years of age; 5) Strengthening of moral support to families with children under age; 6) Improvement of the economic situation in the country; 7) Possibility of earning as much as necessary to support a family; 8) Confidence in the future; 9) Other; 10) None of the above will help; 11) Don't know; No answer. (63, 65)
A47. How many children have you (or have had during your life) in the household, in which you are living now (or have been living until recently)? 1) None; 2) One; 3) Two; 4) Three; 5) Four; 6) Five or more; 7) Don't know; No answer. (63, 65) A48. How many children are you planning to have in your family, including those already born? 1) None; 2) One; 3) Two; 4) Three; 5) Four; 6) Five or more; 7) My age makes child-birth impossible; 8) Don't know; No answer. (63, 65) A49. Are you going (with your wife) to give birth to at least one more child in the coming 2 or 3 years, no to count those already born? 1) Yes; 2) More likely yes; 3) More likely no; 4) No; 5) Don't know; No answer. (64, 66)
A50. What can in the first place help your decision to give birth to at least one child in the coming 2 or 3 years? 1) Our decision will not depend on any conditions; 2) Improvement of the housing conditions; 3) If the price of food products will stop rising as quickly as now; 4) A possibility of spending more time in family, with the children; 5) If the prices of the most necessary goods (clothing, furniture, household commodities, etc.) stop rising as quickly as now; 6) If the government renders more help to families with children under age; 7) Confidence in the future; 8) Provision with job; 9) Good earning; 10) Other; 11) Don't know; No answer. (64, 66)
A51. If you (or your wife) happened to have unplanned pregnancy, what would you most likely do? 1) Give birth to the child; 2) Have an abortion; 3) Don't know; No answer. (64, 66)
A52. How many children, including those already born, would you like to have providing all necessary conditions? 1) None; 2) One; 3) Two; 4) Three; 5) Four; 6) Five or more; No answer. (64, 66)
A53. Do you think that now in Russia some urgent measures should be undertaken to regulate birth-rate? 1) Urgent measures to increase birth-rate are necessary; 2) Urgent measures to decrease birth-rate are necessary; 3) Let everything stay as it is; 4) Don't know; No answer. (64, 66)
IV.
R43a. What is your supplementary work is like? 1) Work on hire; 2) Independent business; Other; No answer (Sample: Those having supplementary work; 97-5, 97-7) (67)
V.
14. In what particular form have you been hired? 1) Permanent work on labour agreement (contract); 2) Work on
temporary labour agreement (contract) for a certain term; 3) Work on agreement (contract) until a certain task is
fulfilled; 4) Work on particular contract; 5) Work on oral agreement; 6) Other. (68, 77)
15. Is your present job adequate to the acquired vocational training? 1) Yes; 2) No; 3) Don't know; No answer. (68, 77)
16. How much is your qualification adequate to the work you are doing now? 1) My qualification is higher than required; 2) My qualification corresponds to my work ; 3) My qualification is lower than required; 4) Don't know; No answer. (68, 77)
18. Are you in general satisfied with your present work? 1) Quite satisfied; 2) More likely satisfied; 3) More likely dissatisfied; 4) Completely dissatisfied; 5) Don't know. (68, 77)
19a. How much does your present job suit you with regard to the essence of work? 1) Completely; 2) Mainly; 3) Little;
4) Not at all; 5) Don't know. (68, 77)
19b. How much does your present job suit you with regard to good organisation, facilities for uninterrupted and smooth functioning? 1) Completely; 2) Mainly; 3) Little; 4) Not at all; 5) Don't know. (68, 78)
19c. How much does your present job suit you with regard to working conditions? 1) Completely; 2) Mainly; 3) Little; 4)
Not at all; 5) Don't know. (69, 78)
19d. How much does your present job suit you with regard to opportunities of retraining, raising qualification? 1)
Completely; 2) Mainly; 3) Little; 4) Not at all; 5) Don't know. (69, 78)
19e. How much does your present jobsuit you with regard to relationship with your immediate supervisor? 1) Completely;
2) Mainly; 3) Little; 4) Not at all; 5) Don’t know. (69, 78)
19f. How much does your present job suit you with regard to relationship with the enterprise's managing staff? 1)
Completely; 2) Mainly; 3) Little; 4) Not at all; 5) Don't know. (69, 78)
19g. How much does your present job suit you with regard to amount of earning? 1) Completely; 2) Mainly; 3) Little; 4) Not at all; 5) Don't know. (69, 78)
19h. How much does your present job suit you with regard to provision with social benefits (medical service, vacations,
etc.)? 1) Completely; 2) Mainly; 3) Little; 4) Not at all; 5) Don't know. (69-70, 79)
20. Which of the following characteristics refer to your work? 1) Unqualified (lowly qualified) manual work; 2) Physically hard work; 3) monotonous work; 4) Intensive work; 5) Unfavourable sanitary conditions (noise, dust, too high or too low temperature, etc.; 6) Danger of injuries; 7) Unhealthy (especially unhealthy, dangerous) conditions according to
List 1 and List 2; 8) None of the above. (70, 79)
2]. If you have a right to compensations and privileges for unhealthy or dangerous conditions of work, do you actually receive them? 1) I have no such right; 2) Yes, completely; 3) Yes, although partly; 4) No, I don't receive rightful compensations and privileges. (70, 79)
23. What is the most attractive features of your present job? 1) Good colleagues; 2) Work adequate to my abilities and skills, opportunities to show myself; 3) Earning; 4) Opportunities additional earnings; 5) Work saving time and strength for family responsibilities and personal affairs; 6) At present you must stick to any job; 7) Interesting work, I simply like it; 8) I cannot easily change the job because of my age (health); 9) Availability of living accommodation of social benefits (children's or medical establishments, places in a sanatorium, etc.); 10) Opportunities of promotion;
11) Independence in work; 12) Convenient location; 13) Other; 14) Nothing attractive, I'm just accustomed to it; 15) Don't know. (70-71, 79-80)
24. Which of the following statements would you most likely support? 1) Work itself is important and interesting for me
2e. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the safety devices and measures for protection of labour at your enterprise. Average on the scale. (86)
2f. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the professionalism and skills of workers at your enterprise. Average on the scale.(86)
2g. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the state of discipline at your enterprise. Average on the scale. (86)
2h. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the provision of your enterprise's employees with social benefits (medical services, etc.). Average on the scale. (86)
2i. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the opportunities for your enterprise's employees to acquire a new
Profession, raise skills. Average on the scale. (86)
lease evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the psychological climate at your enterprise. Average on the scale. (86)
2k. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, how strongly workers are organised to defend their rights and interests at your enterprise. Average on the scale. (86)
21. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the relationship between the personnel and at your enterprise's managers? Average on the scale. (86)
2m. Please evaluate, on the scale from 1 to 5, the authority of trade union at your enterprise? Average on the scale. (86) 3a. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of indebted wages and salaries? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3b. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of low pay for most employees? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3c. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of conflicts, including strikes? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3d. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of surplus employment in comparison with work requirements? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3e. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of bankruptcy (closing or sanation)? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3f. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of shortage or absence of means for social protection to employees? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3g. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of unsatisfactory measures for protection of labour, including safety devices? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87) 3h. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of retraining and raising qualification of personnel? 1) No such
problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3i. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of taxation and compulsory deductions? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem
exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (87)
3j. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of mutual non-payment (with suppliers, customers)? 1) No such
problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (88)
3k. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of shortage of own current assets? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (88)
31. How acute is at your enterprise the problem of obsolete equipment and technology? 1) No such problem; 2) Problem
exists, but is insignificant; 3) Extremely acute problem; No answer. (88)
3m. How acute are at your enterprise other problems? 1) No such problems; 2) Problems exist, but are insignificant; 3)
Extremely acute problems; No answer. (88)
4. What are the managers of your enterprise undertaking now (have undertaken in the current year) to improve the
enterprise's economic position? 1) Acquisition of new equipment, modernisation of production; 2) Introduction of new products, new activities; 3) Start of new industries, units; 4) Establishment of proprietary shops and sale units; 5) Closing of departments or industries; 6) Staff reduction; 7) Reduction of administrative personnel; 8) Transfer of enterprise-owned housing and social facilities to local authorities; 9) Reduction of prime costs; 10) Restructuring the enterprise's management; 11) Building (acquisition, repair) of social and housing facilities for employees; 12) Introduction of part-time work for some employees (incomplete working hours, incomplete week, "administrative' leaves); 13) Leasing premises and social facilities, commercial activities; 14) Sale of shares; 15) Additional issue of shares (secondary emission); 16) Market research and marketing; 17) Participation in international federal programmes of co-operation and development; 18) Other; No answer. (88-89)
5. What are the managers of your enterprise going to undertake within the coming 12 months to improve the enterprise's
economic position? 1) Acquisition of new equipment, modernisation of production; 2) Introduction of new products, new activities; 3) Start of new industries, units; 4) Establishment of proprietary shops and sale units; 5) Closing of departments or industries; 6) Staff reduction; 7) Reduction of administrative personnel; 8) Transfer of enterprise-owned housing and social facilities to local authorities; 9) Reduction of prime costs; 10) Restructuring the enterprise's management; 11) Building (acquisition, repair) of social and housing facilities for employees; 12) Introduction of part-time work for some employees (incomplete working hours, incomplete week, 'administrative" leaves); 13) Leasing premises and social facilities, commercial activities; 14) Sale of shares; 15) Additional issue of shares (secondary emission); 16) Market research and marketing; 17) Participation in international federal programmes of co-operation and development; 18) Other; No answer. (89-90)
6. Are regional (in republic, territory, region) and local (in town or rural district) authorities rendering aid to your enterprise? If yes, in what form? 1) No aid; 2) Assistance in search for suppliers; 3) Assistance in search for sakes markets; 4) Construction of premises; 5) Subsidies, credits; 6) Local tax exemptions; 7) Creation and retention of jobs (through orders, direct financing, etc.); 8) Direct allocations in situations of crisis, e.g., related to delayed wages; 9) Assistance in search for investors, direct investment in enterprise's development; 10) Opportunities for training, retraining, and raising qualification (financing the programmes of professional retraining); 11) Other; No answer. (90-91)
7. Are federal authorities rendering aid to your enterprise? If yes, in what form? 1) No aid; 2) Assistance in search for
suppliers; 3) Assistance in search for sakes markets; 4) Subsidies, credits on privileged terms; 5) Opportunities for training, retraining, and raising qualification (financing the programmes of professional retraining); 6) Financing creation and retention of jobs (on special programmes); 7) Direct allocations in situations of crisis, such as delayed wages; 8) Assistance in search for investors, direct investment in the enterprise's development; 9 Other; No answer. (91)
8. In your opinion, how will the financial and economic positions of your enterprise change by the end of 1997? 1) Will
essentially improve; 2) Will insignificantly improve; 3) Will stay the same; 4) Will insignificantly deteriorate; 5) Will essentially deteriorate; 6) Don't know; No answer. (91)
