CC BY
0LINGUOCULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF PROVERBS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Tursunova Nasiba Tajimuradovna Tashkent State Pedagogic University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
E-mail: science_7777@mail.ru
Abstract. Distinctive feature of proverbs and sayings of any nation is its native national origin, despite the fact that its motivational base is largely universal, and a certain number of borrowing facts can be found in it. Initially, the study of proverbs and sayings was considered the exclusive prerogative of historians and ethnographers, while language materials played a secondary role, served as additional arguments for determining the belonging of certain names of dimensions to a particular people or culture. It must be recognized that the study of this layer of vocabulary through the prism of language and culture initially assumes a historical approach to the process of its formation and functioning not only in the distant and recent past, but also at the present stage of language development.
Key words: proverbs, sayings, culture, historical approach, language materials, additional arguments, national origin, linguoculturology, paremiology, linguistic and cultural positions.
As you know, a proverb and a saying are units of paremiology (from Greek. the "moral dictum" parody). Despite the sufficient study of paremiology units in linguistics, their description remains relevant, since at the present stage of the development of science there are attempts to consider proverbs and sayings from linguistic and cultural positions as stereotypes of national consciousness. Such a study of the paremia allows you to reflect its substantive aspect more deeply and accurately, trace the sources, reveal the motivation, and consider the issue of background knowledge. The linguistic and cultural analysis of proverbs and sayings is aimed at identifying national and cultural specifics. As linguistic signs, proverbs and sayings are considered in linguoculturology as one of the forms of fixation of culturally significant phenomena.
So, V.A. Maslova writes: "Traditionally, proverbs and sayings have been studied in folklore studies as genre texts. Their study in linguistics is just beginning," however, she emphasizes that "Here (it is meant in linguoculturology) only those floorboards and sayings should be studied, the origin and functioning of which are inextricably
ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА
linked with the history of a particular people or ethnic group, its culture, way of life, morality, etc." [1, p. 43].
Proverbs and sayings are also studied from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics as a reflection of the mentality of the people, as Mezentseva E.S. writes: "The proverbial mentality is not the mentality of the proverb (as well as the linguistic mentality is not the mentality of the language), but the mentality of the people reflected in the proverbial fund, more precisely, certain social groups of the people. The proverbial mentality is one of the variants of the linguistic mentality, more broadly, one of the variants of the national mentality" [2, p. 25].
Proverbs and sayings largely form the linguistic picture of the world, which determines the perception of the world by native speakers. In linguistics, there are different definitions of the linguistic picture of the world. In this work, we adopt the following definition: "A linguistic picture of the world is an image of everything that exists as an integral and multi-stage world in its structure and in the connections of its parts interpreted by language, developed by the centuries-old experience of the people, carried out by means of language nominations, representing, firstly, a person, his material and spiritual life activity and, secondly, everything that surrounds him: space and time, living and inanimate nature, the realm of man-made myths and society" [4, p. 31]. Analyzing the picture of the world created by proverbs and sayings, anthropocentricity can be called as the main feature.
V.N. Telia, considering proverbs in the context of cultural traditions, believes that they represent "a powerful source of interpretation, since they are traditionally passed down from generation to generation the language of an everyday culture that has been formed for centuries, in which all the criteria and attitudes of this native-speaking people are reflected in a sentential form".
Proverbs and sayings exist in every nation, while "the proverbial cognitive structures of different languages have similarities and differences, which makes their comparative analysis possible, and the comparison of the proverbial fund of different languages can open up broad prospects for interlanguage (interethnic, intercultural studies of the mentality of different ethnic groups".
As you know, the content of the terms "proverb" and "saying" has not been clearly defined to date. The key issue of the status of paremias is still debatable and important in terms of cultural language learning. Attempts to determine the status of proverbs and sayings are made by distinguishing them by essential features, comparing different positions of scientists on this issue.
A.I. Gayeva refers to proverbs as "structures that have only a literal plan of content, do not have a generalized character of utterance, are not formally organized as sentences that can be identified using synonymous words." In turn, "Structures that have a figurative meaning and cannot be identified using synonymous words" refer to proverbs.
Proverbs and sayings largely form the linguistic picture of the world, which determines the perception of the world by native speakers. In linguistics, there are different definitions of the linguistic picture of the world. In this article, we adopt the
ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА
following definition: "The linguistic picture of the world is an image of everything that exists as an integral and multi-stage world in its structure and in the connections of its parts interpreted by language, developed by the centuries-old experience of the people, carried out by means of language nominations, representing, firstly, a person, his material and spiritual life activity and, secondly, everything that surrounds him: space and time, living and inanimate nature, the realm of man-made myths and society."
Analyzing the picture of the world created by proverbs and sayings, anthropocentricity can be called as the main feature. Condensing the national experience, proverbs are oriented by their content almost exclusively to a person - his character traits, actions, relationships in the family, team, society, etc.
Thus, it can be concluded that the comprehensive study of proverbs and sayings as an object of linguistic research is relevant. Proverbs and sayings play an important role in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers, as they allow us to penetrate into the national and cultural features of the linguistic picture of the nation's world. It is a comprehensive study of paremia that will make it possible to understand the specifics of mentality and culture. Summing up all of the above, it can be noted that the wealth of the paremiological fund opens up wide prospects for further study of proverbs and sayings. In conclusion, I would like to cite a statement by Z.K. Sabitova, which, in our opinion, accurately reveals the breadth and inclusiveness of proverbs and sayings: "The world of words is diverse, interesting, fascinating and still completely unsolved: it is as inexhaustible as space, the universe. It has been repeatedly emphasized that depth, inclusiveness, capacity, volume, maximum fullness of meaning, spirituality, saturation with an idea, creative, life-giving power, the enormous power of its impact on a person".
References:
1. Маслова В.А. Лингвокультурология. - М.: Академия, 2001. - 208 с.
2. Мезенцева Е.С. Пословичный фонд языка как фрагмент языкового сознания этноса // Вестник КазНУ. - 2005. - № 2. - С. 23-26.
3. Снегирев И.М. Русские в своих пословицах. - Новгород, 1997.
4. Шведова И.Ю. Теоретические результаты, полученные в работе над «Русским систематическим словарем» // Русский язык. - 1999. - № 1. - С. 3-16.
6. Колесов В.В. Афористика Древней Руси // Мудрое слово Древней Руси. - М., 1989.
