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Kuchkarova M. Y. assistant
Ferghana polytechnic institute Republic of Uzbekistan, Fergana
LINGUISTICS IS A BRANCH OF SCIENCE
Annotation: Linguistics is a science that studies languages. There are practical and theoretical types of linguistics, and theoretical linguistics studies the structure (grammar) and its meaning (semantics) of the language. Grammar includes the disciplines of morphology (the structure and change of words), syntax (the rules for joining words into phrases and sentences), and phonology (the study of language using abstract sounds). Applied linguistics mainly deals with the practical application of theoretical knowledge learned in linguistics. Applied linguistics includes learning and teaching foreign languages. Linguistics, "Linguistics" is a science about language, its social nature, function, internal structure, classification, laws of operation (activity) of specific languages, historical development.
Key words: linguistics, phonology, syntax, morphology, theoretical, classification, lexicography.
Introduction. According to its purpose and task, there are several directions (fields) of linguistics: general linguistics is a field that studies language as a phenomenon characteristic of a person in general, the main task of which is to identify and illuminate the most general characteristics of the languages of the world; private linguistics is a field that studies some characteristics of a language; applied linguistics is a direction that develops methods for solving practical problems related to language use (experimental phonetics, lexicography, linguostatistics, transcription, transliteration, etc.); mathematical linguistics, structural linguistics, comparative-historical linguistics and other fields such as paralinguistics, ethnolinguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics study language features related to the activity of the speaker (person) in society.
Main body. In addition to these areas, linguistics has many branches and departments that study specific levels and units in each language: semasiology studies the meanings of language units; phonetics and phonology examine the sound construction of language; lexicology and phraseology study the lexical material of the language. The object of study of word formation is the methods of word formation and the productivity of these methods, while grammar (morphology and syntax) studies word changes and the laws of combining words into sentences and phrases. Each branch of linguistics can have smaller (smaller) special branches. For example, within lexicology there is a department of onomastics, which in turn is divided into anthroponymics, toponymics, etc.
Dialectology studies regional differentiation (differentiation) of a particular language. Each of these sections examines the current state of the language and its historical development (see Diachrony, Synchrony). Branches of linguistics that study world languages, their families and groups: Arabistics (Arabic studies), Germanic studies, Turkic studies, Slavic studies, Finno-Ugric studies and other languages interaction, theory and practice of creating auxiliary international languages, as well as interlinguistics and translation theory learns.
Linguistics as a science is important in learning native and foreign languages, developing and improving terminology, scientific interpretation of linguistic texts, machine translation; made it possible to solve the problems of the interrelationship of real and imaginary things (materiality and ideality), to make theoretical conclusions for the correct understanding of social consciousness and the human being as a social being. The problem of interaction between language and thought, linguistic and logical units (magnitudes) is studied simultaneously by Linguistics and philosophy. Descriptive (comparative, confrontational, contrastive, typological), historical (comparative-historical, comparative) and normative-stylistic (normative) methods can be indicated as the main linguistic methods. Linguistics also has special research methods - observation of linguistic phenomena, linguistic experiment, linguistic modeling, linguistic interpretation methods. Linguistics emerged at the border between philosophy and philology. Linguistics (from Latin lingua "language"), linguistics, linguistics is a science that studies languages. This is the science of natural human language in general and of all the languages of the world as its individualized representatives. In the broad sense of the word, linguistics is divided into scientific and practical. The article is devoted to the study of Uzbek linguoculturology, which, as a new direction of cognitive linguistics, is considered a synthesis of the formation of the national language and culture. It is the linguistic picture of the world in linguistics that considers them as the spiritual and moral values of a separate people. In the linguistics of the twentieth century, language is not only a unit of communication, but also the key to understanding the culture of each nation, a tool for creating culture, an element of preservation and transmission from generation to generation. Cultural studies, in particular, studies knowledge in the field of sciences related to nature, society, history, art, etc.; knowledge of the language is a reflection of the language in various models of the worldview, the consciousness of a certain people. Thus, the purpose of the study is a linguocultural analysis of the concepts "Father" ("ota") and "Son" ("ugil") in modern Uzbek linguistics based on the material.... Based on the analysis, it is possible to determine the linguistic national picture of the world of the Bashkir people. The concept as a general cultural component contributes to the identification of cultural linguistic means and lexemes of Uzbek linguoculturology. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that in Uzbek linguistics the picture of conceptual meanings that defines the concept sphere of the Uzbek language has not yet been formed. In this direction,
linguoculturology and cognitive vocabulary are in the process of formation and development.
Conclusion
Each specific language contains a national, original system that determines the worldview of the native speakers of this language. It is time to change the linguistic method of consciousness. A system of established streotypes and views on the language and text and the ways in which they are taught in connection with the number of linguistic facts have been accumulated and explained. Fundamental linguistics aims at understanding the hidden laws of language; applied linguistics solves many social problems: political, economic, educational, religious, engineering, military, medical, cultural.
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