CC BY
9«ШУУШШШУМ-ЛШГМаИ» #4(127), 2022 / PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
69
We have been familiar with various electronic dictionaries by explaining the above "bread". Each of these electronic dictionaries has a unique approach to that word. The most comprehensive explanatory vi-kipedian dictionaries //www.ru.mwikipedia.org Russian-Russian explanatory //, www.az. wikipedia. org //, they tried to explain bread to the bread as a symbol and offered more types of food in different cuisines. Others have given general, repetitive, phrazeological, idiomatic, and figurative explanations. The simplest explanation is Dilmanc and AZ-EN electronic dictionaries, just like the type of bread. From the examples above, it can be concluded that the interpretation principles in different electronic dictionaries are different. In some electronic dictionaries, words are explained in more figurative, idiomatic, and phraseological combinations.
At present, electronic dictionaries are not the same as the one they are, and they need further improvement and development. Representatives of elderly generations hardly accept these dictionaries, but the electronic vocabulary should be prepared so that it is accepted by everyone. There are many shortcomings in the preparation of electronic dictionaries, and we have already mentioned it. Sometimes, when compiling a dictionary, the software developer makes abbreviations, which means that the author does not give the word exactly as
it is presented, or sometimes due to technical malfunction. If these or other irregularities are eliminated, electronic dictionaries will be even more perfect.
References:
1. Akhundov А.А. General Linguistics. Baku, East-West, 2011, 278 p.
2. Veyselli F.Y. Fundamentals of linguistics. Baku, Translator, 2013, 420 p.
3. Kazimov G.Sh. Modern Azerbaijan language. Syntax. Baku, Aspoliqraf LTD, 2004, 496 p.
4.Amosova N.N. Etymological bases of the modern English language. M. Literature in foreign languages, 1956, 218 p.
5. Veyselli F.Y. Fundamentals of Structural Linguistics: Volume 3, Volume II, Baku, 2008, 307 p.
6. The Encyclopedia of Linguistics: Volume 2, (course materials) prof. With the revision of F.Y. Veysalli. Baku, Translator, 2006, 528 p.
7. Adilov M.I, Verdiyeva Z., Agayeva F. M. Explained terms of linguistics. Baku, Maarif, 1989, 358 p.
8. Muller V.K. Новый English-Russian dictionary. Publishing House - Dialog, 892p.
9. Falla P. The oxford russian dictionary. Oxford University Press, Spain, 1997, 1340p.
UDC 81'42:004.77
Ahmadova Elnara Huseynaga PH-D student of Baku State University DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2022-4127-69-74 LINGUISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FORMED TOPONYMS IN ACCORDANCE WITH GUBADLI'S
PHONETIC CHANGES
Abstract:
Systematic study of phonetic events appearing in the composition of toponyms in a definite historical period and situation is more importantfor the linguistic analysis of toponyms. Appearing of various sound changes in the phonetic structure is characteristic of toponyms. Linguistic analysis of some in the scientific article Gubadli top-onyms reflected and their comparison with modern variants leads to the conclusion that various phonetic changes, mainly sound substitutions, took place in these names. Typically, such phonetic changes in words occur as a result of the distortion of definite words for easy and pure pronunciation in the speech process and the interaction, connection and relationship of sounds to each other in accordance with the requirements of speech in the word structure.
Such cases are also observed in toponyms. In the formation of geographical names, mainly falling vowels or consonants, adding vowels or consonants, sound substitutions formed by the transition of sounds in a close denominator to each other play an important role. Such phonetic events affect the lexical and grammatical structure of toponyms, and even take it away from its previous meaning. In this case, the meaning of the word becomes incomprehensible as a conclusion it is difficult to reveal the semantics of the toponym, to explain its etymology.
All of the above-mentioned cases are also reflected in Gubadli's Ayin, Khallava, Khidirli, Khojamsakhli, Kavdadig, Gadili, Mahrizli, Tarovlu, Zor toponyms. The article clarifies the phonetic events that led to the historical formation of these toponyms.
Keywords: Gubadli, toponym, oykonim, Ayin, Khallava, Khidirli, Khojamsakhli, Kavdadig, Gadili, Mahrizli, Tarovlu, Zor
Toponyms are based on the laws of language like other lexical units in terms of their origin and formation and the models that exist in the language. When studying the ways of formation of words related to the vocabulary of our language, including onomastic units and toponyms with special capacity in onomastic lexi-
con, derivatological possibilities of both the Azerbaijani language and other the Turkish languages related to this language are taken into consideration. According to A.V. Superanskaya, any geographical names cannot come by chance. The main factors determine their existences are the active word-formation models
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES / <«g©yL©(MUM~J©U©MaL» #411127)), 2022
70_
that exist in the language, the semantic and morphological features are the characteristic of that language. [1, p.9] One of the most important tasks of toponymy is to create consistent and unit principles for the description of onomastic material. In order to reveal the characteristics of onomastic units, it is equally important to determine the criteria for the classification of words belonging to all their types and groups, including the ways of formation of toponyms.
Methods and forms of word formation have been studied by a number of authors both in Turkology and in Azerbaijani linguistics. Great Turkologist F. Zeyna-lov writes that "according to the lexical-semantic criterion, all the main parts of speech (auxiliaries are divided according to grammatical meaning) are determined. The morphological criterion covers the whole process of word change and word formation. The morphological features of each part of speech are determined. The attitude to the syntactic criterion is somewhat controversial. Thus, some researchers understand the syntactic criterion as the role of the word in the sentence ... The syntactic criterion covers the ability of words to communicate with each other and the syntactic formation of new words - the process of formation of complex words [2, p.69].
A. Rajabli showed three types of word-formation process in Turkish languages:
1. Lexically formed words;
2. Morphologically formed words;
3. Syntactically formed words [3, pp297 - 298].
B.Khalilov writes that the vocabulary of the language is enriched due to its internal capabilities and derived words. Due to the internal capabilities of the language, it divides word formation into 4 types: by creating new words and expressions, by bringing words from dialects and dialects, by phonetic change and by the kalka method. It shows 4 ways of creating new words and expressions: lexical, semantic, morphological and syntactic [4, p.394].
In the formation of language units that make up the onomastic system, the methods of formation of other units make up the vocabulary of the language are also observed. Some researchers in Azerbaijani linguistics, as well as in Turkology, suggest that onomastic units are divided into two types, simple and complex in structure, and even consider special names formed by addition of certain suffixes to be structurally simple. In this regard, A. Gurbanov writes that each onomastic unit belongs to our language is created in accordance with its requirements and laws and reflects the features of the national language [5, p.442]. He notes that the study of onomastic units also played a decisive role in the study of a number of problems of language. A. Gurbanov also divided the ways of word formation into 4 groups:
1) lexically;
2) semantically;
3) morphologically;
4) syntactically [5, p.86].
Onomastic units are consist of one or more words in different structural forms: simple and complex structure, derivative forms (root and suffix combinations), word combinations, and even
combinations of sentence members. All these features are also reflected in the geographical names that form an integral part of onomastics, which is confirmed by the Russian historian V.A.Nikonov's research. According to the author, a word is a geographical name and, like all words, for example, obeys the laws of language, not physical geography. Although toponymy selects a small part of them, it uses linguistic means and does not invent its own. [6, p.66]
In some cases, onomastic units can also be formed as a result of changes in one or more sounds in a particular word. This feature is observed not only in proper nouns, but also in appellation lexicon, and is more pronounced in derived words. Buludkhan Khalilov suggests that historically, the phonetic structure of each of the Arabic and Persian words included in our language has changed in accordance with the rules of the Azerbaijani language. For example: qaida - qayda adam - adam, faida - fayda // (rule - rule man - man, benefit - benefit, etc). [4, p.398]
Not only in derived words, but also in some words of Turkish origin, certain phonetic sound changes occur under the influence of various factors in the process of historical development. In this case, it is difficult to reveal the true meaning of the word. In order to clarify the lexical meaning of both appellation and onomastic units, including geographical names, it is necessary to correctly determine their sound composition. should be clarified.
Comprehensive linguistic study of onomastic units, especially toponyms, is one of the urgent problems which stands in front of modern Azerbaijani linguistics. Researches on Gubadli toponyms are rare in Azerbaijani linguistics, historiography and toponymy. In some scientific researches, for example: in Ch.Salmanov's book entitled "The name of place of Gubadli" (mononims), A.Rustamov's "Turkish originated name of places of Zangazur", in S.Sadigova's doctoral dissertation entitled "Lingvistic features of Daralayaz toponyms", although according to their origin the analysis of toponyms is studied more, but in these scientific works toponyms which formed due to phonetic changes were not discussed seperately.
S.Sadigova was a partner of Gubadli in Daralayaz while clarifying the lexical-semantic and etymological features of toponyms such as, she sometimes gave little information about their phonetic features, and sometimes did not touch on this issue at all. While analyzing the toponyms Khalaj, Hunan, Kayali, Gazyan, Farjan (sound changes took place in each of these toponyms) [7, p.21], A.Rustamov highlighted their lexical semantic and grammatical features, did not talk about the role of phonetic events in the formation of these toponyms. [8, p. 171]
There are some toponyms in the territory of Gubadli region, which reflect the traces of any phonetic event that took place at least at different stages of history. By shedding light on the history of these toponyms, we tried to determine how and why these changes in their sound composition took place. Let's look at some of them.
The name of Ayin village is taken from the nearby mountain of the same name (later the mountain was
«coyyomum-jmtmal» 2022 / philological sciences
called Sangar) and the spring. The village of Ayin was founded by families who migrated from the village of Hajili. .
Ottoman state documents belong to 1543 are refer to the Oghuz people of the Oghuz dynasty in the Tarsus region of Mersin province, and another document related to the reign of Selim II mentions the Oghuz people of the Oghuz people living in Diyarbakir. [9, p.219]
Beside this, a treatise on the Karakachi states that the Karakachi migrated from Uzbekistan to Central Asia, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Iran, and that one of the main branches of the Boy was called Ayini and the other Ayini-Khani [9, p.234]. Based on the fact that many of the Gubadli toponyms, as well as the Gubadli oykonim, are a relic of the Karakech, it can be assumed that it is a variant of the ayin / ayna / ayni ethnonym formed as a result of pronunciation changes, which later became oykonim.
One of the 9 regions (ilcha) including to Erzincan region of Turkey - the region is called Kamaliya at present and the previous name of Kamaliya was Ayin.
Hallava. It is located in Chardagli administrative territorial unit, 20 km away from the district center, in the neighborhood of Ashagi Cibikli, Khalaj, Goyarabas, Seytash and Yukhari Cibikli villages.
The inhabitants pronounce the oykonim as Khallava. In some studies, the Hallava oykonim is equated with the Hallavar toponym of the Oguz region and explained as a "high place".
Oykonim, which was distorted in historical documents until 1979 and marked as Khallava, is connected with the name of Khalilli Tafa, who came to Azerbaijan from West Turkestan in the 12th century. Preservation of traces of the Khalilli tribe in a number of territories of Azerbaijan: Jalilabad, Khojaly, Devechi, Agsu, Ismayilli, Babek districts, Khalilli, Khalilabad, as well as Khalilkand in South Azerbaijan, Khalilli village in the Trabzon region of Turkkey (Khalilli village) confirms that the tribe is one of the ancient inhabitants.
Khaliloba oykonimi is derived from the Khalil ethnonym (the suffix -li, which belongs to the pronunciation, is abbreviated) and the word oba. Khalil is a word of Arabic origin, meaning "good friend, close friend, companion". In the onomastics of the Azerbaijani and Turkish languages, this word is also actively used as a personal name. The word "village" is of Turkmen origin, and is explained in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language" as a small settlement consisting of several houses, a small village". Khaliloba oykonimi means a place belonging to the "Khalili tribe".
Khidirli. Teymur Muskanli is the name of a village located in the foothills of the administrative-territorial unit, adjacent to the village of Balasoltanli. It is Khidirli ethnonym toponym based on. According to locals, the village was founded by Khidir, Hasan and Mohammad, and the villagers are descendants of these three people. As we did not consider the approach satisfactory, we turned to scientific sources.
71
Except Gubadli region, there are settlements of the same name in Aghdam and Salyan regions, Aksaray and Sinop regions of Turkey.
In the 19th century, the residents of Khidirli village, located in Garnibasar district of Iravan khanlig, moved to Karabakh after the destruction of the village as a result of raids and settled in these lands. In the 19th century, there was a village named after the Khidirli dynasty in the Surmali district of the Iravan province [10, p.133,159].
Ottoman archival documents contain information about the Khidirli / Khizirli tribes living in different parts of Anatolia. A large tribe called Khizirli settled in that area was noted in the book on the 10th century Bozox Sanjakh. At present, there are Khidirli and Khidran generations in Marash in Adiyaman's Gargar region [11, p.226].
Among the Turkmen carvings living in Iran and Iraq, Khidir Turkmen were also registered.
The ethnonym Khidirli / Khizirli (also oykonim) is derived from the combination of the suffix -li with the name Khidir / Khizir and means "belonging to Khidir / Khizir". This name is also mentioned in religious sources as the second name of the prophet Elyas. Literally translated from Arabic, it means "greenery, meadow." It is so named because every place where Khidir / Khidr (Elyas) 's foot touches turns into a meadow. Those who possess wisdom and virtue, who do unquestionable deeds, who are considered to be living prophets, who are seen only by rare people, who inform the unseen, who bring good news to those who are seen, who cure their sorrows, it meant "savior, helper." Khizir's name is also mentioned in the sense of savior in Azerbaijani oral and classical written literature.
Recent research has also suggested that the name is of Turkmen origin. Khiz / kyz lexemes are accepted as the basis of Khazar, Khizi toponyms and in the meanings of "fire, flame, spark, speed". I think the second idea is more logical. In Turkish, the word khiz / kiz / khiz / (the word khizek (ski) is also from this root) means "speed, agility, sharpness, frequency". The expression "He grew up like Khizr" is also used in Turkish. We assume that the word Khidr is derived from the components -khiz and -er and means "a person who grows up quickly".
In fact, Khojamsakhli oykonimi is formed from the words khoja and Musakh. Our language also knows the Isaac and Musax variants of the names Jesus and Musa of Jewish origin, which were passed through the Arabic language. According to local informants, the village was given this name (meaning the place belonging to Khoja Musakh) in honor of a prominent person named Musakh, whose rank is Khoja (whose identity is not known). The residents of the village were told by the people of Khojamusakh as a sign of respect for this person. In the dialect, the components of the word diffused and took the form of Khojamsakhli.
According to local residents, Kavdadig oykonimi was formed as a result of distortion of the word kovkhalig.
In EDAT (Encyclopedic dictionary of Azerbaijani Toponyms) this oykonim is Persian origin, which
72
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES / <«g©yL©(MUM~J©U®MaL» #4(127), 2022
means mountain pass, kav in the meaning of spam, doabin in the meaning two rivers are formed from the suffix -liq, according to the second opinion in Persian origin kav with the word (yabi) is formed from -diq and means pasture [12, p.267]. But, these ideas were presumably put forward , were not accepted unequivocally, and the meaning of oykonim was explained by associating them with Persian words.
The word Kava was used in the ancient Turkish language as a variant of the word rock, expressed hardness, firmness, stone and sarp mountain. G. Geybullayev writes that the name of the present mountain Goyazan is given in the IX century Georgian source as Kavazin and this word is derived from the Turkmen words kaya (rock) and sin (mountain waist) [13, p.13].
While talking about Shukrullah Ertugrul, one of the historians of the time of Fatih Sultan Mehmet, in his forty-fifth umbilical cord Noah oglu Yafes oglu Kavi (Oguz Khan's son Goy Khan's son Kay is meant - E.A) khan oglu Gara khan oglu Oguz oglu Sule Gizil buga oglu Gaya Alp oglu Suleyman shah writes that he is a son [14, p.203]. As can be seen, the name of Gaius, the son of Noah's son Japheth, is presented in the work as Kavi. Researchers also equate the ethnonym kayi with the word rock and explain it in a strict, firm sense. We assume that the kav component in the Kavdadig oykonim is a distorted form of the word kavi / kayi / qayi / qaya.
As for the second component, while researching the sources, we came across the word tata among the dad/tat (taste) based words in M. Kashgari's Divan, which is used in two senses: 1) a place visible from ten steps (near - E.A); 2) father, grandfather [15, p.514]. It is known that the substitution of T> d is characteristic of Turkish languages. Most of the words written and pronounced with t in the Kipchak languages are written and read with d in Oghuz languages. For example: tat - dad, tag - dag, tan - dan, etc. Based on this rule, the combination of the components kav + tata + liq (-liq -is suffix denoting place) means a rocky place in the vicinity of ten steps.
Ghazyan. In research papers this oykonim is associated with the name of the tribe of qazi. In his writings about the Kazan khanate, A. Madatoglu equates the Ghazyan tribe with the Ghazanli and notes that they were nogai, and were called Ghazanli-Ghazyan because they forgot their dialect (16, p.337). At the beginning of our era, along with the Sabirs, Ganjaks, Garhuns, Mugans, Kangaroos, Gashqais and beside other peoples of Central Asia mixed with the local Turkish.
Sixteenth-century Ottoman sources state that the Gaziantean people were a branch of the Turkish wealth and settled in the sancag of Mardin (qayip Turkish, 220). Since Yavuz Sultan Selim killed the descendants of Alevi Seyid Mahmud in Ak§ehir, a number of tribes, including Gholans, Qalyans, Aliyans, Ghazis and others, left this region and moved to Darsim. Some of them mixed with the Kurds and mastered their language. Today, veterans living in Turkey speak both Turkish and Kurdish. Gazis also live in Alikyaman's Celikkhan district.
The Ghazians were one of the tribes of the Qizilbash tribe in the 16th century. It is possible that because they were Alevis, they took refuge in the Safavids in order to escape Ottoman oppression.
Ghazyan oykonimi is a distorted form of Ghazian ethnonym. It is a combination of the Arabic word gazi (who won the battle of Ghazavat) and the suffix -an. Since the root ends with a vowel and the suffix begins with a vowel, the y connector is added between the root and the suffix to ensure easy pronunciation. In Turkish, as well as in Azerbaijani, the law of harmony is expected in the vast majority of words, both in writing and in pronunciation, so even derived words are often adapted to this law. In our opinion, the toponym Ghaziyan was adapted to this phonetic phenomenon and was subjected to the sound of time and took the form of Gazyan.
Gadili oykonimi is associated with the name of the precious tribe. One of the phonetic features of our dialects is that the consonant r, which is often part of a word, falls into the pronunciation process. For example: instead of goturmak /taking/ [gotumax], instead of tikdirmak [tixdimax] /building/ [tixdimax] and so on. Apparently, in connection with the pronunciation, the sound r has become consonant and the precious ethnonym has taken the form of a gadil.
It is included in the detailed book of Iravan province (1590) in the form of Gadili. According to Armenian sources, there is a tribe of Gashqai [10, p. 173]. At present moment, there are names of place in our republic based on this ethnonym: Gadili in Khanlar region (it is a phonetic variant of Gadirli ethnonym), Gadirli villages in Masalli and Tovuz regions. There is Gadirli (Kadirli) district in the Republic of Turkey.
Mahrizli oykonimi is derived from the Mafruz ethnonym. The pronunciation is distorted as a result of replacing the consonant f with h. This feature is reflected in a number of derived words in the vocabulary of our language. For example: ruh - [ruf].
Mahrizli was the name of one of the descendants of the Javanshir dynasty, which belonged to the Otizikis nation and held an important position in Karabakh. There is a village called Mahrizli in Garadagli administrative territorial unit of Aghdam region. Ottoman state documents mention the Mollafazili, Garaburunlu, Kechagozlu, Bahmanli, Nomadic and other branches of the Javanshirs living in Ganja and Yerevan regions, as well as the Mafruz community. [17] The Mafruz are believed to have migrated from a village of the same name in southern Azerbaijan in the 18th century. We are of the opinion that the Mahrizli oykonim is based on the ethnonym (so called because it is a branch separated from the Javanshirs) formed as a result of adaptation of the Arabic word // jj^ - // //, which means separate, group, part, to local pronunciation.
Seytas. Seytas village is located in Goyarchik administrative territorial unit, 25-30 km from the district center, in a mountainous area, in the neighborhood of Mazra, Goyarabas, Novlu villages. The locals say that the oykonim is derived from the
«COyyOMUM-JMTMaL» #4(127), 2022 / PHILOLOGICAL sciences
Persian words sa - three and Turkmen stone, meaning "three stones".
Seytash toponym has an appellate basis and consists of sey and tash (stone) components. In the "Explanatory dictionary of Azerbaijani toponyms" the word sey is explained as "middle, center" (12, p.182) The word Sey in the Turkish languages means "intermediate, rarity" as its root. The word tas is also of Turkmen origin and is a phonetic variant of the word stone. For the Turkish languages, including the phoneme system of the Azerbaijani language, it is typical to use s / sh. In our opinion, the second component of the toponym has undergone this phonetic phenomenon over time and has changed from a stone form to a stone shape. A rock is a solid natural body formed as a result of the erosion and disintegration of mountains and rocks, "occurring in the form of large and small masses, insoluble in water." We assume that it replaced the word mountain in oykonim. Seytash village is located at an altitude of 2,000 meters and is in the center of the surrounding villages. This village was built in 1918 in an empty mountainous area by families who moved from the Gorus region to escape the Armenian aggression. In our opinion, oykonim means "sometimes, sparsely mountainous place". This is confirmed by the relief and location of the village.
Regarding the etymology of the Tarovlu oykonim, the locals make two assumptions: 1) Teymur was named Tarovlu in honor of Taro because it was built by three brothers named Taro, Alo and Yalo, who moved from the village of Teymur Muskanli in the XIX century; 2) The village was named Tarovlu because it was a hunting ground of the Tar tribe.
At first glance, it seems that the Tarovlu oykonimi has been distorted. Many people's names derived from the word "Tanri" have become a kind of custom: Tanriveri - Tariverdi, Tanribey - Taribey, Tanrigulu -Tarigulu and others. Even when the word God is used in its own literal sense, it is pronounced in this way. Based on this rule, we do not think we are mistaken if we accept Taroglu oykonimi as a distorted form of Tanrioglu. The substitution of g> v, which is characteristic of many Turkish languages and manifests itself in some toponyms, also took place in the second component of the oykonim, as a result of which it took the form of Tarovlu.
Taroglu ethnonyms were recorded in South Azerbaijan and Toroglu ethnonyms in Turkey. Ottoman archival documents from 1857 provide information about the settlement of the Toroglu tribe in the Chukurova region of Anatolia. Families belonging to the Toroglu family also live in the Tarsus district of Adana province. [18, p.53] Currently, Taroglu is also used as a surname in Turkey.
The village of Zor, according to local residents, is named after it in a difficult, complicated sense due to its difficult roads. At the same time, oykonim is associated with the word zor, which in ancient Persian means a fortress, a ravine. However, these considerations do not justify themselves, as the geographical position and relief of the village of Zor do not correspond to what is said.
75
G. Geybullayev mentions Zor village among the villages inhabited by Saralli tribe in Zangazur district. [150, p.38]
In his book "Avshar Turkmens", A.M. Kaya tells about the conquest of the Shahri-Zor region in Kirkuk by the Zangi, known as Imadeddin, who succeeded Mosul Atabey Agsungur after his death, and subjugated the Hakkari region in the 1130s. [124, p.21] Zor village is one of the villages located in the territory of Sanliurfa province of Turkey from Murshid pinari district and the area surrounding the south of Aghjagala district to the Belih river.
Apparently, there is no doubt that the naming of these villages, which are located in Azerbaijan, Turkey and Iraq, in the areas inhabited by Turkish carvings and tribes - kilometers away from each other, is connected with their family or tribe.
As we know, in the phonetics of the Turkish languages there is a clear consonant. This phonetic phenomenon is observed in ancient monuments, as well as in dialects and dialects of the Azerbaijani language. M. Kashgari notes that both the words acha and aza are used in the sense of big sister. [54, p.167] It is emphasized that the form of a muscle is mainly used in Oghuz. It is also observed that in the dialects and dialects of the western group of the Azerbaijani language it is called [acca] instead of, [qalxoccu] instead of kolkhoz. Based on this, we assume that the force ethnonym is a modified form of the chorus, one of the ancient Turkish ethnic names petrified in many toponyms in the vast geographical area inhabited by the Turks, in accordance with the phonetics of the Oghuz dialect.
Researchers believe that the Chor tribe is of Kipchak origin. They lived mainly in Mongolia, on the shores of the Caspian and Aral Seas. During the Mongol marches in the 13th century, along with Sukait, Oryat, Kungut, Tangit and other tribes, they came to Azerbaijan and settled in this land. The preservation of the ethnonym in the territory of Azerbaijan as part of a number of toponyms once again confirms this idea. Sources say that the original name of the ancient city of Derbent was Chor (the city of the Chor Pass). There are toponyms Jorat in Absheron region, Choratan in Tovuz region, Chorman in Lachin and Kalbajar region, Old Chorman, Chorman in Kalbajar, Corlu in Gabala, Choryurd in Yardimli.
According to G. Geybullayev, the chorus meant strong, powerful. [13, p.202] In the Orkhon-Yenisey and Uyghur monuments, the word chor is given as both a personal name and a rank. At the same time, a place called Chorak is mentioned in the monument of Bilga Khagan:
En ilki Tadikin gorin boz (aygir binip tegdi...) The first was Tadik's gray horse (the stallion rode and touched ...) - For the first time, Tadik's horse (here rank - EA) attacked on horseback. (Kultigin, §., 32) [19, s.204].
Otuz oglanasig agig adirilmi§ size talgig esiz3 oglan Qor ulayi kalmi§ katuni tuli kalmi§ (a). - Thirty boys are openly exposed to you. - His name is Cor. Separated from his thirty sons, the blessings of the world. To you, trustworthy husbands, you have
74
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES / «ШУШШШМ-ШУГМак» 2022
inherited a boy Chor (person's name - EA). His wife was widowed (Talas, IV, 1). [19, p.108]
Probably, he embodied the strong, powerful meaning in the name of a person, and later became a rank, and the name of such a tribe was formed on the basis of anthroponyms. In our language, words and expressions such as qoluzorlu, zor gostarmak, zorla, zor-guc as a synonym for the word strong, are also confirmed. In our opinion, Zor oykonimi originated from the ethnonym chor with the transition of the sound д to z.
Thus, on the basis of our analysis, we come to the conclusion that some of the geographical names in Gubadli's system of toponyms have historically had phonetic phenomena such as consonant, vowel which were regulated in accordance with the rules of our language.
As above mentioned, the linguistic features of Gubadli toponyms have not been studied as an object of analysis so far. Although some dissertations and scientific articles discuss the methods of formation of some toponyms associated with this area, the role of phonetic events in their sound in the formation of these geographical names is not discussed. For the first time in this article, Gubadli's toponyms formed due to phonetic changes are analyzed from a linguistic point of view.
References
1. Суперанская, А.В. Общая теория имени собственного / А.В.Суперанская. - М.: Наука, -1973. - 366 с.
2. Zeynalov, F.R. Comparative grammar of Turkish languages / F.R. Zeynalov. - Baku: MBM Publishing House, - 2008. - 354 p.
3. Rajabli, A.A. The language of ancient Turkish writing monuments. Part I / A.A.Rajabli. -Baku: Nurlan, - 2006. - 648 p.
4. Khalilov, B.A. Lexicology of modern Azerbaijani language / B.A. Khalilov. - Baku Nurlan Publishing House, - 2008. - 442 p.
5. Qurbanov, A.M. Onomology of the Azerbaijani language: / A.M. Gurbanov. - Baku: Maarif. - 1988. - 595s.
6. Nikonov, V.A. Introduction to toponymy. 2nd edition. / V.A.Nikonov. -
Moscow: LKI Publishing House, - 2011. - 184 p.
7. Sadigova S. Linguistic features of Daralayaz toponyms / Doctor of Philosophy in Philology dis. abstract / - Baku, 2011. - 27 p.
8. Rustamov, A.M. Names of places of Turkish origin of Zangazur / A.M. Rustamov. - Baku: Elm, -2010. - 204 p.
9. Özdemir, A.R. Lost Turkish. / A.R. Özdemir. - Ankara: Crypto Press Broadcasting Distribution Ltd. Shti, - 2013. - 304 p.
10. Review book of Iravan province / authors of research, translation, notes and appendices: Z.M.Bunyadov, H.M.Garamanli. - Baku: Elm, - 1996.
- 184 p.
11. Demirtas (Sumer), F.M. Oghuz tribes in Anatolia during the Ottoman period. // - Ankara: Ankara University Language, History and Geography Faculty Magazine. 7. Baski, -1949, № 2, - s. 321 - 365.
12. Encyclopedic dictionary of Azerbaijani toponyms: [in 2 volumes] / ed. ed .: R.Aliyeva,
G.Mashadiyev, E.Inanj, T.Bakhshiyeva, Sh.Gojayeva.
- Baku: East-West. - c.1: A - K. - 2007. - 304s.
13. Geybullayev, G.A. Ancient Turkish and Armenia / G.A. Geybullayev. - Baku: Azerneshr, -1992. - 140 p.
14. Atsiz, H.N. Three Ottoman histories: The History of OruQ Beg; Ahmadi: Dastan and Tevarfh-i Müluk-i Al-i Osman; §ükrullah: Behcetü't-Tevarih /
H.N.Atsiz. -Ankara: Ötüken Publications Inc., - 2011.
- 240 p.
15. Kashgari, M. Divani-lugat-it-turk: [in 4 volumes] / translated and prepared for publication by Ramiz Asker. - Baku: Ozan, p.4. - 2006. - 752 p.
16. Madatoglu (Gasimli), A.M. Turks (Historical Essays) / A.M.Madatoglu. - Baku: E.L., -2012. - 530 p.
17. I Osman [Electronic resource] / Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: June 21, 2021. URL: https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Osman
18. Bakir, A. From ancient times to the present day, the Turkmen city of Kirkuk: [Electronic source] // Euphrates University Middle East Research Journal: -01 January, - 2019. №1, - p.27 - 76. URL: http: // www .kerkukvakfi.com / tr / content / 266
19. Khudiyev, N.M. The language of ancient Turkish written monuments / N.M.Khudiyev. - Baku: Science and education, -2015. - 596 s.
20. Salmanov, Q.i. Gubadli's place-names (mononyms) / Ch.I. Salmanov. - Sumgayit: Azeri publishing house, - 2015. - 264 p.
