CC BY
236
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH COLOR SEMANTICS "WHITE", "BLACK'; "RED"IN THE ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, TATAR, TURKMEN LANGUAGES
Section 12. Philology
Dovranova Aziza Bahramjanovna, Second- year Student, the Faculty of Philology and History Kazan federal University, Elabuga Institute E-mail: azizadovranova009@gmail.com Shigapova Rasima Ramilevna, First year Student, the Faculty of Philology and History Kazan federal University, Elabuga Institute E-mail: shigapova.rasima98@mail.ru Koroleva Natalya Evgenyevna, scientific supervisor Associate professor of the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Kazan federal University, Elabuga Institute E-mail: Koroleva_NE@mail.ru
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH COLOR SEMANTICS "WHITE", "BLACK", "RED" IN THE ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, TATAR, TURKMEN LANGUAGES
Abstract. This article presents an analysis of phraseological units with the color semantics "White", "Black", "Red" in three structurally different languages, which makes it possible to represent the interpretation of the picture of the world in individual languages and use phraseological units with color semantics correctly. The focus is on identifying lexical meanings of phraseological units with color semantics "White", "Black", "Red".
Keywords: language group, a foreign language, linguistic culture, national culture, linguistic person, color, semantics, phraseological units.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the phraseological units with color semantics in the three structurally different languages such as English, Russian and belonging to one language group (Turkic) Tatar and Turkmen and to show the possibility of the use of phraseological units with color semantics in these languages in speech.
A comparison of English, Russian, Tatar and Turkmen can help to eliminate misunderstandings and facilitate getting and using knowledge of the foreign languages: English - by Tatar and Turkmen students; Russian - by Turkmen students.
Comparing various linguistic phenomena, we reveal some common features uniting linguistic cultures, we notice some specific traits, characterizing a given linguistic person, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the national culture.
"The lexical-semantic group in linguistics is defined as a set of words of one part of speech, united by a common sema at the level of lexical meaning" [8].
One of such groups is the lexical-semantic group of adjectives with the semantics of color.
Russian and foreign researchers in the field of linguistics (Baudouin de Courtenay, Grunina E. A., Zakiryanov K. Z., Kubryakova E. S., Maslova V. A., Yung I. A., German N. F., Marvin D. E., George B. Bryan) wrote that there are universal concepts through which mutual understanding between people is achieved.
Color plays an important role in understanding the world around us.
White color personifies purity, virtuousness, good intentions, joy, beauty. In English there are phraseological units "To be whiter than white", "Lily-white reputation", "White hands", "White lie", "A white wedding", "To mark with a white stone", "White-collars".
In Russian the expressions «Средь бела дня» means doing something wrong or bad openly, without hiding; «Белые мухи» refers to falling snow; «Белый свет» - the reality
Section 12. Philology
surrounding us, life with all joys and sorrows; «Взять под белы руки» to show respect, honor; «Белая кость» - a person from high society, aristocracy [6].
Both in English and in Russian negative characteristics associated with white color were not failed to notice, such as pallor of the face, skin, soreness, rage, anger, fear, and horror "To turn white" - «побледнеть», «побелеть»; "To be/look white as sheet (ghost, death)" - очень сильно побледнеть (обычно от страха или волнения); "To be white-hot" - быть разъяренным, доведенным до «белого каления»;
In the Tatar language we also find sayings with similar meanings:
"Ак белэн караны аера белмэY" - interpretation- One cannot distinguish white from black - white means something good, and black - something bad; "Ак нэрсэ кер кутэрми" -interpretation - White things get dirty faster than others -someone always tries to dirty, slander, stipulate good things; "Акны кара дип 3oty" - interpretation - Call white black -someone changes the original meaning. "Аксеяк эш сеймэс" -interpretation- an aristocrat won't love the hard work which means "White Bone" [2].
In the Turkmen language, white has the meaning of something positive, beautiful.
"Ak gireni bilen an girmez" - interpretation- No matter how hard you try to embellish yourself, but you won't become smart - to become "white" that is to become better. "Ak gun agardar, gara gun garaldar" - interpretation- White day will bleach, black day will blacken- white day is a happy, lucky day, bringing a good mood, a rainy day - a day that brought misfortune, grief [13].
White color in the English, Russian, Tatar and Turkmen phraseology, basically finds the same meaning and very often reflects everything positive.
A black colour is ambiguous one, it has a dual meaning.
In English such phraseological units as "Black dog"; "Black eye"; "A black sheep"; "To paint smth. in black colours", "To be in black" denote non-standard things, evil, unhappiness; "Black frost" is a biting frost denotes the extreme degree of something, "Black ice" means extremely slippery.
But phraseological units with black color can be positive "To be in the black" means to get profit, to be in a favorable financial position;
In the Russian language "Black (Rainy) Day" is a difficult time in the life of someone; "Keep in black body" means halfstarving or to treat anyone strictly; "The black cat ran in between..." means the worsened relationship between people; "Black ingratitude" means to forget to thank for some good; "Black bone" means non-aristocratic origin.
In the Tatar language "Кара алтын - ж;ир мае, аньщ белэн ил байый"- interpretation - Black gold is the oil under the land, which is the wealth of the country.
"Кара болыт булып ñepY" - interpretation- Walk like a black cloud - means be offended, to sulk at someone.
Proverbs and sayings with black colour semantics carry both positive and negative. "Кара ипине ж;иксенсэц, кара кенгэ калырсьщ" (^иксену - ялку, енэмэу) - interpretation-If you do not love black bread, poverty will come to you at lunch - The Proverb teaches us to respect the work of a grain grower, to love the bread.
In the Turkmen language black and white often makes a pair.
"Gara haly ak bolmaz, kone du§man dost" - interpretation- The black carpet will not become white, the old enemy will not become a friend.
"Gazan garasy gider, namys garasy gitmez" - interpretation -The blackness of the saucepan can be washed, but the blackness of soul is not. "Puly gara günüñ ügin sakla" - interpretation- Save money for a black (rainy) day.
Red color symbolizes love, passion, devotion. It also symbolizes fire, rebellion, anarchy, struggle, revolution, blood, freedom, independence.
In the UK, red is a symbol of statehood, which is reflected by phraseological units: "The red, white and blue" which means colors of the British flag, denoting the British fleet and army; "Red book" - the name of the genealogy book or some official directories, " A red-letter day" - holiday, a memorable day [11].
The Slavs of the ancient Russia used the word "red" when they wanted to say "beautiful, joyful, good or pleasant". In the phraseological units where there is a red color, they have a positive meaning, for example, "Red Square" - beautiful square, "red days" - time of good luck, good life.
Red color can also express emotional states of a person, such as anxiety and extreme excitement.
In both English and Russian the expressions "To get / have a red face", "Red in the face", "Red as a beet as a lobster" means - confused, blush, turn purple with shame, embarrassment. "As red as fire (flame)" - flashed (on the face) - "blush like poppies color", " blush to the ears", "blush to the roots of the hair" - a person has a strong degree of embarrassment, shame.
Red color means health and beauty, courage and strength: "Red blood" is strong, brave.
In English, healthy appearance and beauty are associated with cherry berries or rose flowers "Red as a cherry (rose)", while in Russian, people speak of "being as healthy as blood with milk" and associate health with the red color of blood and the white color of milk.
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH COLOR SEMANTICS "WHITE", "BLACK", "RED"IN THE ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, TATAR, TURKMEN LANGUAGES
In English, Russian, as well as in the Tatar and Turkmen languages, red is the color of the danger warning "To see the red light" (to see the red light of a traffic lights, semaphore, buoy), "Like a red rag (to a bull)" - something infuriating, anticipating of approaching danger, trouble, etc.
In the Tatar language the proverb "Кызыл кар яуганда" -interpretation- When there the red snow will fall-means something unreal, irrealizable, based on illusion;
"Алманьщ кызылына алданма" - interpretation - Do not reach for an apple just because it is red (red means good, ripe) that means you should not envy something with a beautiful look.
In the Turkmen language, red means "beautiful", "expensive", "golden".
Gyzyl dil- jan zahmeti, abray ar kuwwaty - interpretation - The eloquence is the fruit of labor, respect is the
fruit of power - education and authority are achieved either through hard work or through human power. Adam eli gyzyl gul - Human hand is a red rose - all beautiful is created by the hands of people. Gyzym gyzylly halkam - interpretation -The daughter is a red (golden) earring. The proverb means that a daughter is as dearest for a mother, as gold is very precious for Turkmen people.
Analysis of factual material extracted from phraseological dictionaries of English, Russian, Tatar and Turkmen languages, showed that the phraseological units are quite actively used in the lexicon of representatives of different language cultures. Proverbs and sayings with the semantics of the color "white", "black", "red" are quite often found in all the represented languages.
References:
1. Бодуэн де Куртенэ И. А.О смешанном характере всех языков// Избранные труды по общему языкознанию: В2 т.- М.: Изд-во Акад. Наук СССР, 1963.- Т. 1.- C. 362-372.
2. Ганиев Ф. А. Русско-татарский словарь: Ок. 11000 слов / Ф. А. Ганиев, Ф. Ф. Гаффарова.- Казань: Раннур, 2000.- 368 с.
3. Грунина Э. А. Учебник туркменского языка для стран СНГ.- М.: Вост. лит.; Ин -т стран Азии и Африки МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова. 2010.- 287 с.
4. Закирьянов К. З. Двуязычие и интерференция.- Уфа, 1984.- 80 с.
5. Кубрякова Е. С. Концепт // Кубрякова Е. С., Демьянков В. З. и др. Краткий словарь когнитивных терминов.- М., изд-во МГУ, 1996.- С. 90-93.
6. Кунин А. В. Большой англо-русский фразеологический словарь / А. В. Кунин.- М.: Изд-во. Русский язык, 1984.- 945 с.
7. Маслова В. А Языковая картина мира и культуры / В. А Маслова // Когнитивная лингвистика конца XX века: международная научная конференция: сбор материалов в 3 ч - 4.1.- Минск, 1997. - С. 35-47.
8. Трушкина Ю. И. Лексико-семантическая группа параметрических имен прилагательных в романе М. А. Булгакова "Мастер и Маргарита" / Ю. И. Трушкина, Н. А. Нестерова.- Гуманитарные науки и образование.- 2017.- № 1.-С. 137-140.
9. Юнг И. А Функциональные особенности фразеологических единиц, выражающих интеллектуальную характеристику лица во французском языке, Дисс... канд. филол. наук.- М., 2002. - 187 с.
10. George B. Bryan., Wolfgang Mieder. A Dictionary of Anglo-American Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2005.- 870 p.
11. Curiosities in Proverbs / D. E. Marvin - Bartleby, 2012.- Режим доступа URL: http://www.bartleby.com/346
12. German N. F. Communication, Culture and Identity in the Context of Globalization and Multiculturalism: monograph / N. F. German.- Челябинск: Энциклопедия, Chelyabinsk: Encyclopedia 2014.- 300 p.
13. Turkmen-English/English-Turkmen Dictionary.- written, edited, and published by Peace Corps Turkmenistan.- Режим доступа URL: https://photos.state.gov/libraries/turkmenistan/868986/pdf/EnglishTurkmenEnglishDictionary.pdf
14. Turkmen Dictionary &Phrasebook: Turkmen-English/English-Turkmen.- Режим доступа URL: https://forum.minec. astrobl.ru/4yqfa1etuv9n/21-gaylord-conn-1/turkmen-dictionary-amp-phrasebook-turkmen-englis-pqBDyubmz3Do.pdf
