29LINGUASTATISTIC FEATURES OF RIDDLES ABOUT ZOONYM IN ENGLISH, UZBEK AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
Nodira Tursunovna Khodjaeva
Senior teacher of the department of English language and literature,
Termez State University Email: khodj aevanodirabegim@mail .ru
ABSTRACT
This paper presents linguastatictic features of riddles about zoonim in different system languages. There are given semantic structure of riddles in English, Uzbek and Russian languages and analyses of the riddles that require being animal in the answer of the riddles.
Keywords: culture, riddle, linguaculture, structure.
Introduction: Riddles are important in the generational transfer of oral folklore, culture, and custom in the country. One can learn about a nation's culture and way of thinking through its riddles, and they also allow one to perceive the world through the perspective of those who carry that culture. Riddles are an odd way of reflecting on one's country, revealing to us the logic and perspective of a certain ethnic group.
II. The study of riddles in English language.
When D. Noyce (Dorothy Noyes) examined the descriptive component of the riddle, she discovered that the "block element," or unclear term that robs the description of clarity, is how the riddle is carried out. James George Frazer, exploring the functional features of riddles, just like V.P. Anikin, believed that initially riddles were allegories adopted in those days when, for some reason, the speaker was forbidden to use direct terms. Thus, he introduced the hypothesis about the involvement of the riddle in the taboo. A.Taylor (Archer Taylor) along with R. Petsh (Robert Petsch) considered the main functional feature of the riddle to confuse the listener and deliberately mislead him. Aimed not at checking, but at stimulating the mental activity of the recipient, the riddles were considered by Marija Gimbutas, an American archaeologist.
What has six legs and two heads?
Answer: A horse and rider p.85
Why do black sheep eat less grass than white sheep?
Answer: Because there aren't as many black sheep p.85
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What animal is hiding in these letters? (Tip: Instead of saying the letters aloud, perhaps write them on a blackboard.) L P H N
Answer: Elephant p.110 It had a pair of horns. and a collar when it was born. If you saw it, you wouldn't stop to pat a big (triceratops) It had a ferocious head and jaw. On meat, it liked to chop and gnaw. If you run across it, clear the decks. It's known as (turkey) . p.22 I hear with my little ear a baaa, baaa, baaa.
This baby's too young for its wool to be sheared it's calling to its ma.
Which baby animal is it? baby sheep/lamb .p.51 You're swimming in the ocean when a creature says "hello." Its eight legs dance and float around. But it's scared and has to go. Guess who? (Octopus) p.57 You're walking by the ocean when a creature says "hello." Its many arms cling to the rocks It's a star but doesn't glow. Guess who? (starfish )p.57 III. The study of riddles in Russian language.
Russian linguists P.G. Bogatyrev, N.I. Kravtsov, S.G. Lazutin, A.P. Kvyatkovsky, V.V. Mitrofanov define a riddle as "a small piece of folklore built in the form of an allegory containing an intricate question that needs to be answered fully" .
V. P. Anikin, A. P. Kvyatkovsky, V. V. Mitrofanova, D. N. Sadovnikov pay attention to the poetic nature of the folk riddle. So Russian riddles were divided into the following aspects according to the degree of study: sky, earth, natural phenomenon, water, river, streams; fish amphibians reptiles; insects, birds, people; family relationships; forest trees,
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ISSN: 2181-1385
Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,12 | ASI-Factor: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,7 | UIF: 6,1
the bushes, berries, mushrooms, grass; arable land mowing, sowing and processing of bread; crockery utensils food and drink; poultry and birds, insects; trees and fruits; crops and plants; pulse crops and vegetables, food; work tools, musical instruments. During our research, we took riddles from the Russian language and analyzed only the riddles that required an animal as an answer. For example:
Кто трудо любивые всех на свете. Муравьи (З, 1968, 36) На незу кузнецы куют, Сиретки богатыри живут,
На верху свечки теплятся. Муравьи (З, 1968, 36)
Мастер шубу себе сшил, а иглу вынуть забыл. (Рыба) (3, 1968,31)
Через море-океан плывёт чудо-великан, а ус во рту прячет. (Кит) (3,
IV. The Study of riddles in Uzbek language.
Our research shows that in Uzbek language the riddles were studied as the traditional riddles and new riddles. Traditional riddles were about: sky, earth and water; the events of the nature, season of the year and periods; man, body, and the character of the people; about animal's world (further we name it riddles about zoonym), poultry and birds, insects; trees and fruits; crops and plants; pulse crops and vegetables, food; work tools, residence, house, tools related to it; fire smoke lamp fuel; clothing, jewelry, sewing tools, books, stationery and school supplies, household appliances; musical instruments; games and toys; horse tools; road; ships, weapons,; multi-subject and various riddles.
And new riddles were about: Our motherland; riddles about electrical engineering; radio engineering and communication riddles, agricultural riddles; means of transportation; about construction machinery tools and materials; on urban development; military defense; school and school supplies, musical instruments, sports and games; sky, earth and water; the events of the nature, season of the year and periods; man, body, and the character of the people; about animal's world (further we name it riddles about zoonym), poultry and birds, insects; trees and fruits; crops and plants; pulse crops and vegetables, food; work tools, residence, house, tools; jokes and quizzes. In the book of riddles (Topishmoqlar), a candidate of philological sciences, Zubayda Husainova, suggested that riddles are divided into different aspects according to the old and new ones. She gives the definition to the riddle: Riddle is other genres of folk art, such as epics, fairy tales, songs, proverbs, are the spiritual wealth of the nation and the product of collective
1968,31)
creativity. (My translation). Consequently, we made the decision
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to work on the zoonym riddles and learned that there are three different kinds of zoonym riddles:
1) Riddles about animals' world.
2) Riddles about insects.
3) Riddles about poultry and birds.
As we know all these three types make animals' world. We give some examples:
Riddles about poultry and birds.
1 .Erta turadi, jar chaqiradi. (Xo'roz) (O'. X. T.,2014,74)
2.Boshitaroq, dumio'roq. (Xo'roz) (O'. X. T.,,2014,74)
Riddles about animals:
l.Shoxdan shoxga sakrar,
Qush emas.
Mallavoy, tulki emas.(Olmaxon) (QT, 69) Riddles about insects.
1.Zuv-zuv ,zuvonqush, Ozlaribezavonqush, Hay-hay ,uningyurishi,
Gamzabilanturishi. ( Ari ) ( O„. X. T. 2014, 82 )
2.G,im-g,imboradi,
G'im-gimkeladi. ( Ari ) ( O„. X. T. 2014, 83 ) KenraHga TypT oërç, KeTraHga hkkh oëK. (AHHK;) (T. 576.) V. Conclusion.
Thus, it can be noted that over time, the functional features of riddles have undergone changes, turning from a method of communication and information exchange into idle entertainment aimed at testing minds and ingenuity.
After analyzing all of the above, we define the "folk riddle" as a language unit used in acts of communication for the purpose of communication, information exchange, intelligence testing, coding of taboo vocabulary, as well as idle entertainment of the reader and listener.
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