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0LINGUACULTURAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF
METAPHORS
Karjawbaev Orazali Esbosin uli
Karakalpak state University named after Berdakh, Bachelor degree of the faculty of English linguistics 2-nd year student. Toleubayeva A.O. Scientific advisor,
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
To see and appreciate the relationship between metaphor and linguaculture , we have to deal with a number of basic issues. By metaphor in this paper, I will primarily mean "conceptual metaphor" that can have a number of linguistic manifestations (see Lakoff and Johnson 1980; Kovecses 2002/2010). A conceptual metaphor consists of a set of correspondences, or mappings, between a "source" and a "target" domain. The meaning of particular metaphorical linguistic expressions is based on such correspondences The article is devoted to the study of linguocultural analysis of metaphor in Karakalpak folklore. Judging by the object of study of linguoculturology, it is somewhat close to cultural studies and linguistics. But differs in the object of study of the study entities. The object deals with the illumination of the culture of the people through the language, definition of the mentality of the language and belonging to any nation. Are given reasoning about anthroponyms, which are considered linguocultural units, which are object of this area. The names of people are considered on the basis of examples showing about the history, culture, life and psychology of the people.
There are language, trite metaphors: дагныц кулагы (mountain's ear), емир жасыц узын болсын (let your life be long), цагаздыц жузине (paper's face), дагныц уша басы (on the top of the mountain). They are time-worn and well rubbed into the language. They help the poet to enliven his work and even make the meaning more concrete. Ajiniyaz was skill in using figurative and individual, genuine metaphors. The topic of Motherland and love for his country takes an honorary place in the lyricism of the poet. In the following example from the historical poem "Bozatau", he describes the country, using a metaphor: Ел х,эм жер билэндур, жер х,эм ел билэн, Жерсиз елдиц емири дэрбэдэр билэн, бмир етти журектеги шер билэн, Кэдириц сениц бизге етти, Бозатау. [2, 26] A country is in unity with land, The land
Qabul qilindi: 15-March 2024 yil Ma'qullandi: 20- March 2024 yil Nashr qilindi: 26- March 2024 yil
KEY WORDS
linguoculturology, metaphors, anthroponym, monument, folklore
cannot be without a country now A country cannot live without land. We love and miss you, Bozatau. The poem conveys the spirit of patriotism with great force, therefore it became the hymn of the Karakalpak people in their struggle for freedom and independence. Philosophic thoughts and ideas about the role and meaning of a man in the society are in the centre of attention in his poems. Ajiniyaz is one of the poets who spent the most part of his life travelling to other countries. After graduating from Khiva madrassahs Ajiniyaz had been travelling for several years in Kazakhstan, he also was in Turkmenistan. Being far away from his native country, the poet missed and expressed all his feelings and love in his poems. As a poet — humanist he looked forward to the happy future of his people.
The names related to birds:
Ane, Gargabay suwpi, «altin korse perishte joldan shigadi» degen, awel aytpasada, aytiwga endi hawalandi, altindi esitip baba qatti quwandi [20, p. 179]
(Here, G'arg'abay suwpi as said "when angel sees the gold she loses her mind", hearing about gold the grandfather was glad). The crow is one of the live longer birds. That's why this name was given for people in order to live longer [21, p. 56]. As illustrated in some poems, the crow was considered as the herald of unpleasant events [18, p. 87]. Bodenetay, Burqultay, Xan xizmetinde bolsa, Aqiri qarep der edi [8, p. 297]. (If Bodenetay, Burkultay serve to the khan, It ends bad). A quail is a brown bird which is shot for sport and food it looks like to nightingale. Sanmurin, Torgay, Tolibay, Qaraqalpaqtin sardari eken [5, p. 143]. (Sanmurin , Torgay, Tolibay Are the leaders of Karakalpak) A lark is a bird that its body is covered with feather and it's small field bird [9, p.255]. Tagi boldi bir qizi, Atin Qumiri qoyadi [15, p. 195]. (He has also one girl, Her name is Kumiri). Kumiri is a small songbird. Bird's terms are often used for girls to be beautiful, polite and delicate. Aqquwbay patsha Qaraqus penen urisip, bir kempir menen garrinin uyinin shanaragina kelip qonadi [10, p. 76] (The king Akkubay and Karakus argue with each other and landed the old man and woman's the top of the house). These kind of names for example Akkuw is described as a kindness, and Karakus as a evil. Kunlerdin bir kunleri Baybori baydin hayali Jantilles bir ul,bir qiz tuwdi, ulinin atin Alpamis, al qizinin atin Qarligash Ayim qoydi [2, p.287]. (One day Baybo'ri's wife gave birth to a boy and a girl, his son's name was Alpamis and his daughter's name was Kharligash Ayim). Swallow is a small,black and white,good flight bird and its tail and wing is long. In the figurative meaning it means that the swallows are a bird that first informs the news of something new. Indeed, our people have a strong belief in this bird. It is considered got be a symbol of goodness and spring messenger. So in every Karakalpak people's house their nest is always respected. Throughout the centuries, our people have revered and respected various events and subjects. As a proof of our words, we can give examples of trees that one of the riches bestowed on us by nature. The names connected with trees: Al patshalardin ishinde Badaxshanin xalqinin, Juldizshanin jurtinin, Emenshanin xalqinin, jilan patsha zaharinen qosip alsa shaharine, Shaxsulaymannan qagan taxti zerli qalani haywandi, inis penen jinisin, jeti ulkenin jurtini, Dalgenenin xalqini, shul ul menen shul qizdi etti iqlim yuzine patsha bolur dep edi [22, p.252].The oak is a solid black tree with many horned and large leaves. In the songs of Karakalpak poet I.Yu oak tree is described as a symbol of patience. Qaramannin algani, Nurpariy menen Aypariy [17, p. 408]. (Karaman takes, Nurpariy and Aypariy). Karaman is a strong multi-year tree. People observe and believe that this tree is solid and
lives a lot. Women who lost their children express their belief to this bird in "joklaw". For example: Karaman is a strong tree.
Many poems devoted to the country were written in the form of narration. They are: "Ellerim bardi" (It's my country), "Dauran bolmadi" (There wasn't time), Megzer" (It's like), "Barmeken" (If there is), "Bardur" (There is), "Kashkash" (Tulips), "Khoshlasiu" (Saying good bye) and others. The poem "Ellerim bardi" was written on the request of one of the richest men in Kizil-Horde Khojban, when Ajiniyaz was in Kazakhstan. He tells about his country and people with love and proudness:
1. Сейлегенде шекер етер сезицди, Кергенде биймагрур етер езицди, Бах,ары тойдырар еки кезицди,
Лэйли, Зулэйхадай цызлары барды. [2, 33]
When you speak to them
They make your words sweet
When you see them
You are lost, indeed.
Spring flashes your eyes
Their girls as Layli, Zuleykha, so nice.
2. Аналар, йыгламац кез жасты тегип, Кезицди яшартып, багрыцды секип, Кайгы-х,эсирет билэн х,эм нардай шекип, Жолга царап, гам шекпециз, аналар [2, 61]. Mothers, don't cry, shedding tears,
Your hearts are full of grief and sadness, Making you bend like camels in loneliness.
3. Канлы яшца толып еки кезлериц, Капалыцта саргайып тур йузлериц, Багрымны тиледи айтцан сезлериц, Кайгыу-х,эсиретте журген аналар [2, 62]. Your eyes are full of bloody tears, Sadnessyour face wears.
Your words made me sad.
The examples given above may serve as illustrations of figurative metaphors: in the 1-st example: шекер етер сезицди (make your words sweet means "meaningful, effective"), тойдырар еки кезицди (flashes your eyes means "to delight"), in the 2-d example: багрыцды секип (hearts are full of grief and sadness). The metaphor may also be developed through a number of contributory images so that the whole of the utterance becomes one sustained metaphor. A skillfully written example of such a metaphor we see in the 3-d example from the poem "Mothers" by Ajiniyaz. The central image- mothers is developed through a number of images: цанлы яшца толып еки кезлериц (your eyes are full of bloody tears), саргайып тур йузлериц, (sadness your face wears), багрымны тиледи (your words made me sad).
One of the most famous examples of metaphor in the English language comes from William Shakespeare's As You Like It. In it, the playwright writes:
All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players.
Shakespeare is comparing the world to a stage by saying one is the other. However, he doesn't believe the world is a literal stage; the comparison is rhetorical. By comparing the world to a stage, and the people in the world as players on it, he is inviting us to think about the similarities between the two, and by extension, the meaning of human nature and our place in the world.
Literature is full of creative metaphors, the best of which demonstrate the power of this literary device when wielded with skill. Here are a few metaphor examples:
1. William Golding, Lord of the Flies (1954). "The sun in the west was a drop of burning gold that slid near and nearer the sill of the world."
2. William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (1597). "But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun!"
3. Emily Dickinson, "Hope" (1886). "Hope is the thing with feathers—that perches in the soul."
References:
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