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Vestnik ^AUNC. Fiz.-Mat. nauki. 2023. vol. 45. no. 4. P. 81-87. ISSN 2079-6641
PHYSICS
" https://doi.org/10.26117/2079-6641-2023-45-4-81-87 Research Article Full text in English MSC 86A10
Lidar Studies of the Thermal Regime of the Middle Atmosphere
over Tomsk in 2022
V.N. Marichev*, D.A. Bochkovsky*
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS (IAO SB RAS), 634055, Tomsk, 1, Academician Zuev square, Russia
Abstract. The paper presents the results of lidar studies of the behavior of the thermal regime of the middle atmosphere over Tomsk in the period for 2022. Note that such studies in the monitoring mode at the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS began in 1994 and are currently ongoing. Particular attention is paid to studying the manifestation of sudden disturbances in the stratosphere caused by winter stratospheric warming (SW). A description of lidar technology for studying the middle atmosphere and the results obtained on this topic in recent years can be found in works [1-8]. The indicated observation period covers periods of disturbed (SP winters 2021/22 and 2022/23), calm (summer) and transitional (spring, autumn) states of the middle atmosphere. Based on the accumulated experimental material, a number of features of the intra-annual dynamics of the thermal regime of the stratosphere for the region of Western Siberia have been established. Thus, winter stratospheric warming occurs annually from November to March, and for the long period of the year April - November, in the vast majority of cases, the vertical temperature distribution is in good agreement with the CIRA-86 model distribution. As primary information for analyzing the observation results for 2022, a data array of 93 total signals accumulated on individual nights was used. The interval of sounded heights extended from 10 to 70 km, the spatial resolution was 192 m. Reception of lidar signals was carried out in the photopulse counting mode with accumulation of 12 x 104 launches of laser pulses (accumulation time - about two hours per night). Observations were carried out at night under cloudless sky conditions .
Key words: stratosphere, temperature, lidar.
Received: 17.10.2023; Revised: 11.12.2023; Accepted: 12.12.2023; First online: 15.12.2023
For citation. Marichev V. N., Bochkovsky D.A. Lidar studies of the thermal regime of the middle atmosphere over Tomsk in 2022. Vestnik KRAUNC. Fiz.-mat. nauki. 2023,45: 4,81-87. EDN: BXLIDA. https://doi.org/10.26117/2079-6641-2023-45-4-81-87.
Funding. The research work was carried out within the framework of the state task of the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences using the equipment of the "Atmosfera" Center for Collective Use with partial financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-661).
Competing interests. There are no conflicts of interest regarding authorship and publication.
Contribution and Responsibility. All authors contributed to this article. Authors are solely responsible for providing the final version of the article in print. The final version of the manuscript was approved by all authors.
* Correspondence: A E-mail: marichev@iao.ru, moto@iao.ru
The content is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License © Marichev V. N., Bochkovsky D.A., 2023
© Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation, 2023 (original layout, design, compilation)
Вестник КРАУНЦ. Физ.-мат. науки. 2023. Т. 45. №4. C. 81-87. ISSN 2079-6641
ФИЗИКА
" https://doi.org/10.26117/2079-6641-2023-45-4-81-87 Научная статья
Полный текст на английском языке УДК 551.524.7
Лидарные исследования термического режима средней атмосферы над Томском в 2022 г.
В.Н. Маричев*, Д. А. Бочковский*
Институт оптики атмосферы им. В.Е. Зуева СО РАН, 634055, г. Томск, площадь Академика Зуева, 1
Аннотация. В работе представлены результаты лидарных исследований поведения термического режима средней атмосферы над Томском в период за 2022 г. Отметим, что такие исследования в мониторинговом режиме в институте оптики атмосферы СО РАН были начаты с 1994 года и продолжаются в настоящее время. Особое внимание уделяется изучению проявления внезапных возмущений в стратосфере, вызываемых зимними стратосферными потеплениями (СП). С описанием лидарной технологии по исследованию средней атмосферы и полученными по данной тематике результатами за последние годы можно ознакомиться в работах [1-8]. Указанный период наблюдений охватывает периоды возмущенного (СП зимы 2021/22 и 2022/23 гг.), спокойного (лето) и переходного (весна, осень) состояния средней атмосферы. На основании накопленного экспериментального материала установлен ряд особенностей внутригодовой динамики термического режима стратосферы для региона Западной Сибири. Так, зимнее стратосферное потепление происходит ежегодно с ноября по март, а для длительного периода года апрель - ноябрь в подавляющем большинстве случаев вертикальное распределение температуры хорошо согласуется с модельным распределением С1ЯЛ-86. В качестве первичной информации для анализа результатов наблюдений за 2022 г. использовался массив данных из 93 суммарных сигналов, накопленных в отдельные ночи. Интервал зондируемых высот простирался от 10 до 70 км., пространственное разрешение составляло 192 м. Прием лидарных сигналов велся в режиме счета фотоимпульсов с накоплением по 12 х 104 запускам лазерных импульсов (время накопления - около двух часов за ночь). Наблюдения проводились в ночное время суток в условиях безоблачного неба.
Ключевые слова: стратосфера, температура, лидар Получение: 17.10.2023; Исправление: 11.1.2023; Принятие: 12.12.2023; Публикация онлайн: 15.12.2023
Для цитирования. Marichev V. N., Bochkovsky D.A. Lidar studies of the thermal regime of the middle atmosphere over Tomsk in 2022 // Вестник КРАУНЦ. Физ.-мат. науки. 2023. Т. 45. № 4. C. 81-87. EDN: BXLIDA. https://doi.org/10.26117/2079-6641-2023-45-4-81-87.
Финансирование. Научно-исследовательская работа выполнялась в рамках государственного задания В.Е. Зуева Сибирского отделения РАН с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования «Атмосфера» при частичной финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России (Договор № 075-15-2021- 661). Конкурирующие интересы. Конфликтов интересов в отношении авторства и публикации нет. Авторский вклад и ответственность. Авторы участвовали в написании статьи и полностью несут ответственность за предоставление окончательной версии статьи в печать.
* Корреспонденция: А E-mail: marichev@iao.ru, moto@iao.ru 0
Контент публикуется на условиях Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License © Marichev V. N., Bochkovsky D. A., 2023
© ИКИР ДВО РАН, 2023 (оригинал-макет, дизайн, составление)
Introduction
An array of data from N total signals accumulated on single nights was used as the initial information for analyzing the results of observations performed in 2022. The sensing altitude range was 10-70 km, and the spatial resolution was 192 m. Lidar signals were received in the photon pulse counting regime with the accumulation of 12 x 104 laser pulses (the accumulation time was about two hours per night). The observations were performed at night in a cloudless sky. The vertical temperature profiles (VTP) were obtained by lidar methods of molecular elastic and spontaneous Raman light scattering (in foreign literature, these two phenomena are called Rayleigh and Raman light scattering, respectively).
The sensing experiments were performed with laser radiation at a wavelength of 532 nm, and scattered radiation with wavelengths of 532 and 607 nm (elastic and Raman scattering, respectively) was received. Vertical temperature profiles in the altitude ranges of 10-25 and 25-60(70) km were calculated based on Raman [9] and Rayleigh signals [10], respectively, according to the following formula:
T (H) =
Pi (H) P2 (H) N (H) H2
N (Hm)
:T (Hm) + ¿
N (h) h2g (h) dh
Pi (h) P2 (h) .
.Pi (Hm) P2 (Hm) R JHm
Here N(H) are lidar signals; P1 (H) and P2 (H) are values of the atmospheric transmission from lidar to the altitude H for the wavelengths of 532 nm (Rayleigh signals) and 532 and 607 nm (Raman signals), respectively; R* is the universal gas constant; g(h) is the free fall acceleration; and Hm is the maximum altitude, from which signals sufficiently reliable for processing are recorded (so-called calibration altitude, for which the temperature value T(Hm) is set).
H
Results of observations
According to the lidar monitoring data, the next stratospheric warming of winter 2021/22 (see Figure 1) began on November 30, lasted throughout December, and ended at the end of the first decade of January 2022.
30.11.2021 08.12.2021 19.12.2021 22.12.2021 23.12.2021 03.01.2022 06.01.2022 07.01.2022 10.01.2022
1— -r; b is
/
J > > / ;r
180 220 260 220 260 220 260 220 260 220 260 220 260 220 260 220 260 220 260 300
Fig. 1. Dynamics of stratospheric warming in winter 2021/22; red, blue, green, orange, and cyan curves show the lidar Rayleigh, Aura satellite [12], CIRA-86 model [11], lidar Raman, and radiosonde [13] temperature profiles, respectively.
From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the main source of warming covered altitudes from 30 to 50 km and remained stable during December. The maximum positive temperature
shift from its value according to the CIRA-86 model [11], which was used as a reference, was 35-40 K and was observed at altitudes from 40 to 45 km.
According to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts [14] (see Fig. 2), 2021-22 SW was to a minor warming type, in which a stable air mass transfer in the western direction occurred (highlighted in red in Fig. 2).
ECMWF 12 UTC Zonot Moon State: CEC/25/2021 ECMWF 12 UTC Zonal Moon Stato: JAN/02/2022
Fig. 2. Altitude distribution of the zonal wind direction and speed in the northern hemisphere registered on December 25, 2021 and January 2, 2022; orange and blue correspond to the west and east wind, respectively; vertical bold line corresponds to high-altitude cross-section for the latitude of Tomsk.
At the end of January and in February, the final SW stage with occasional minor warming areas with small positive temperature variations occured at altitudes from 30 to 50 km (Fig.3 ).
Fig. 3. The final stage of the stratospheric warming of winter 2021/22
In March, the VTP stabilization, which was established fully in May and continued until the end of October, began. During this period, the VTP corresponded to the CIRA-86 model distribution. The dynamics of the process can be traced in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. March-October sampling VTPs compared with the Aura satellite and CIRA-86 model data
In November, the first signs of SW appeared (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. Dynamics of stratospheric warming in winter 2022/23
In December, a stable phase of its manifestation with continuation in January was observed. Warming spread over an altitude range of 30-50 km with positive temperature fluctuations up to 30 K. Warming of winter 2022/23, which lasted for three months, was one of the longest of all observed SWs over Tomsk since 2010. According to the Japanese Meteorological Agency [15], the specified warming was the minor type, in which the transfer of air masses in the stratosphere in the western direction was maintained.
Conclusion
The dynamics of the vertical temperature profile in the stratosphere over Tomsk observed in 2022 was similar to the dynamics observed in previous years. The annual VTP dynamics was characterized by the occurrence of annual stratospheric warming in winter, its destruction in spring, stabilization in the warm season, and destabilization in autumn with the transition to the phase of winter stratospheric warming. For a long April-November period, the vertical temperature distribution was in good agreement with the model distribution of CIRA-86 in the vast majority of cases.
References
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Information about authors
Marichev Valeriy NikolaevichA - D. Sci. (Phys & Math.), Profeesor, Main Staff Scientist, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS (IAO SB RAS), Russia, ORCID 0000-0002-7367-6605.
Bochkovskiy Dmitriy Andreevich - Ph. D. (Tech.), Staff Scientist, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS (IAO SB RAS), Russia, ORCID 0000-0002-9127-2065.
