CC BY
5M.J. Nurmurodova
LEXICAL BORROWINGS FROM WESTERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES IN MODERN UZBEK (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE PERIODICALS)
This article is related to the study of the influence of one culture to another, in the transition from one ethnic community to another new items of material culture, in the perception of other spiritual values. Together with new realities and artifacts, foreign-speaking lexemes come, which are perceived by the recipient language and function in modern Uzbek.
Key words: comparative linguistics, intercultural communication, Uzbek, lexicology, lexical borrowing, language source, recipient language.
INTRODUCTION
"On the threshold of the XXI century, when the world culture undergoes significant changes and today is already experiencing one of the stages of the formation of global multicultural, all of the culture space for the whole mankind" [1] , it is of particular importance to know knowledge related to With the experience of communication, the ability to establish a national and global dialogue.
MAIN PART
The integration of Uzbekistan into European and global processes led to the problem of mastering the cultural characteristics of other countries. The main object of study in this article are new lexical units in modern Uzbek, borrowed from Western European languages, ways to distribute them and the scope of use in the receiving language. An analyzed group of lexical units is considered in parallel in the composition of the vocabulary composition of the modern Uzbek language and in its professional-known versions, as well as at the level of everyday speech activity of the speakers of this language, determined by their spectricultural competence. At the same time, it is important to establish the socio-political conditions for the penetration of Western European vocabulary and a description of the lexico-semantic spheres of their use. The functioning of this intensively growing lexical group reflects a wide range of social processes occurring in modern Uzbekistan. This active formation of the lexical language system, on the one hand, testifies to scientific and technological progress, which is experiencing a country involved in the processes of globalization, on the other hand, the problem of borrowed Western European vocabulary - This is an interesting object for sociolinguistic observations.
The relevance of the topic of this article is due to insufficient learning of lexical borrowing from Western European languages in terms of their quantity, composition, degree and features of their adaptation or assimilation in Uzbek. These phenomena are associated with the processes of globalization recorded at the lexical level of many languages in the scope of the influence of Western European culture, and, in particular, with the intensification of the penetration of Western European vocabulary to the Uzbek lexical system, the sociolinguistic causes of which are not sufficiently studied. Therefore, the systematization, unification and standardization of borrowed Western European vocabulary acquire special significance for the functioning of the literary norm of the Uzbek language.
The purpose of this article is to study the borrowed vocabulary from Western European languages in modern Uzbek. One of the characteristic features of the development of modern civilization is, on the one hand, the trend towards the rapprochement of societies (economic and social globalization), and on the other, awareness and cultivation of their own (national, ethnic, regional identity, the peculiarity of which becomes the most becoming obvious on the background Interactions with other people's cultures. The problems of intercultural communication are acquired, in which the contacts of carriers of various cultures and languages are considered, where the language acts as the main sign of identity [3.P.148].
No matter how much the language is independent in modern conditions of globalization, it is subjected to a constant change, and first of all it concerns the lexical sphere of the language directly related to the mapping in the language of the internal and external world of the person. In the context of close communication between peoples, there is an exchange of workforce, new technologies, ideas, etc. The language, in turn, borrows words to name material objects. Compared to phonetic, grammatical, syntactic systems, the lexical language system is the most open to innovation. It is in the vocabulary that the presentation of this or that cultural community about the
© M.J. Nurmurodova, 2022. Scientific supervisor: Salieva Z.I.
world around the world is focused, reality. New phenomena at the lexical level due to the influence of someone else's culture and another language, it is customary to denote the term 'borrowing'.
When considering the causes of lexical borrowing from one language to another, the sociolinguistic aspect of the language is taken into account. This is primarily the study of language development in the environment, in the interaction of internal (language) and non-language (social) reasons. The process of lexical borrowing is due to a whole complex of the reasons in which the causes of the linguistic, psychological, social, logical, etc. are intertwined. Traditionally, the main condition for borrowing of foreign language words is considered to have a recipient language with a source language and, as a result of this, the presence of bilinguals. The reasons for such an influence of one language to another can be both extralyinguistic (prestigious, communicative relevance, the desire to show his awareness) and linguistic (nomination of a new concept, specialization of a new concept, and linguistic efforts). Along with these, other reasons for the spread of English borrowings in Uzbek language can be distinguished: the development of professional activities in the field of business, the development of computer equipment, the emergence of the Internet, a change in leisure, the spread of inaciousness and sports, what can be determined as a socio Psychological attitude and adoption of the "New World".
According to some researchers, the union of borrowed words in the group on the basis of thematic community is an indicator of their demand speakers and a high degree of their adaptation in the lexical system; "The larger one of the field of activity in international cooperation is involved, the more discovered the vocabulary and the thermal scope of this sphere in foreign words." The article discusses borrowings in the following lexico-semantic groups.
Borrowing from Western European languages in the field of economics and policies: auditor (auditor), barter (barter), broker (broker), demping (demping), dealer (diller), engineering (injiniring), clearing (kliring), consulting (konsalting), provider (provayder), management (menejment ), transfer (transfert), manager (menejer), summit (sammit), briefing (brifing), congress (kongress), symposium (simpozium), department (departament), parliament (parlament), speaker (spiker ), grant (grant), digest (dayjest), eurodollar (evrodollar), rating (reyting), impeachment (impichment), Pi-Ar (Pi-Ar).
The overwhelming number of foreign names of persons will be engaged in English, for example: auditor (auditor), adviser (advayzer), broker (broker), vendor (vendor), dealer (diler), interviewer (intervyuer), copywriter (kopirayter), manager (menejer), sponsor (sponsor), farmer (fermer), hacker (haker).
Continuous contacts with foreign Partners and involvement of Uzbekistan in the world economy contribute to the distribution of a large number of economic and political terminology. Especially actively introducing new words is observed in recent decades. «Qishloq joylardagi tadbirkorlarga yuridik, texnik, moliya va boshqa masala-larni hal etishlariga yordam berish maqsadida konsalting (maslahat) firmalarini tarmog'ini tashkil etish...» (Kari-mov I. A. Bizdan ozod va obod vatan qolsin. B. 122). "Establishment of consulting firms to help farmers in agricultural areas solve legal, technical, financial and other issues..".
«Shunday ekan, bizga neft maxsulotlari berish qandaydir homiylik emas, ko'mak emas, balki bugungi bir g'alati iqtisodiy aloqalar natijasidir. Bunday aloqa kliring deyladi...» (Karimov I. A. Bunyodkorlik yo'lidan. B. 267). «Xullas, deputatlar Paksasga impichment, ya'ni ishonchsizlik e'lon qilib...» (21 asr. 17.03 2004). «As a result, the deputies impeached Paksas, that is, they confirmed.». «"Pablik Rileyshnz" so'zi inglizcha bo'lib, "ja-moatchilik bilan aloqalar", "jamoatchilik bilan munosabat", "ommaviy aloqalar hizmati" kabi ma'nolarni bild-iradi, g'arbda u qisqacha Pi - Ar, deb ataladi»(Turkiston. 12.05.2004). «"PR" is an English word, has the following meanings: "public relations", "public relations", "mass communication service", in the west this term is called PR » «Gruziya parlamentida spiker saylovi bo'lib o'tdi» (Xalq so'zi. 24.02.2004). «Speaker Elections in Georgian Parliament ».
Borrowing from Western European Sports languages, for example: bodibilding (bodybilding), arm wrestling (armrestling), kickboxing (kikboksing), windsurfing (vindsyorfing), bowling (bouling), snowboarding (snoubording), dribbling (dribling), pressing (pressing), havbek (havbek), doping (doping), golf (golf), darts (darts), freestyle (fristayl), skate (skeyt). «Kecha mikst (aralash juftlik) uchrashuvlarida finalchilar aniqlangan bo'lsa, erkaklar va ayollar yakkalik musobokalarida muxlislar yarim finalchilar nomini bilib olishdi» (O'zbekiston ovozi. 19.07.2002). "If the finalists are defined at the meeting (mixt), then in competitions where single beds are served, the fans learned the names of semi-finalists." "Bugong Kundy Kickbox Bir is something Usullarga Boslidy. Bular Oracid Chegaralangan (Seven), yengil (Light), to'liq (FUL), contact Usullari Alohida o'ringa ega "(Turkis-ton. 03.05.2002). "Currently, the kickbox is divided into several species. Among them, a special place is occupied by such as: limited (seven), light (light), full (full) contacts." "Biz ushbu ko'rsatuvni Bovling klubidan olib beryap-miz" (TV dasturidan). "We are our report from the Bowling Club."
Borrowing from Western European languages in the Internet and computer technologies, for example: website (web-sayt), file (fayl), printer (printer), scanner (scanner), monitor (monitor), modem (modem), pager (peyjer), provider (provayder), Internet (Internet), server (server), Glasnet (Glasnet), Intranet (Intranet), Uznet (Uznet), display (display), interface (interfeys), macro (makros), multimedia (multimedia), hypertext (gipertekst), browser
ISSN 2223-4047
Вестник магистратуры. 2022. № 3-1 (126)
(browser), roaming (rouming), e-mail (E-meyl), IP address (IP adres). In modern Uzbek language, the number of foreign words, which, in addition to its use, as a self-substitution lexeme, act as the situation in the form of the first part of complex words like biznes-klass, grin karta, veb-sayt, mas-media, internet-konferensiya, internet-klass, internet-kompyuter, internet-biznes, media-bozor.
CONCLUSION
The choice of these groups is justified by the analysis of the Western European vocabulary in modern Uzbek language in the materials of the periodicals, since in our sources it is in the above-mentioned lexico-seman-tic groups that the largest amount of borrowed vocabulary is observed. From the above analysis of linguistic material, it can be concluded that borrowing from Western European languages is widely distributed in modern Uzbek. Borrowing penetrated in almost all of its fields of functioning: both political, economic, sports, scientific and household.
At this stage of the development of the Uzbek language, there is an active entry and the use of foreign words. This contributes to the development of synonymy in the language. It should also be noted that far from all the newly applied words are reflected in the syllary. Borrowing in many respects can be considered as one of the serious consequences of the interaction of cultures.
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NURMURODOVA MAVZUNA JAMSHEDOVNA - Master student of the department Translation Theory and Practice, Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages.
