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12LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF ZANGAZUR'S ETHNOTOPONYMS
AGHAYEVA NATAVAN FAKHREDDiN GiZi
Doctoral student of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
Abstract
Each toponymic unit of Zangazur belonging to the Azerbaijani language is created in accordance with the requirements and laws of our language and clearly reflects the features of the national language. Looking at each toponymic unit, the facts show that in the system of toponyms of Azerbaijan there are no simple and correct oikonyms derived from lexical units of our language and marked with the help of morphemes. At first glance, some toponyms may seem simple and correct. These are complex names formed with the help of toponyms indicating the type of geographical objects. Analyzing the way ethnotoponyms of Zangezur are formed by lexical-semantic method, it becomes clear that if we consider the geographical names of the territory of Azerbaijani origin from the historical point of view, oikonym, oronym and hydronym are geographical names that were created before the 20th century.
Keywords: toponym, ethnotoponym, oykonim, lexical, semantic, morpheme
ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ЗАНГАЗУРСКИХ ЭТНОТОПОНИМОВ
АГАЕВА НАТАВАН ФАХРЕДДИН КЫЗЫ
Диссертант Азербайджанский Государственный педагогический университет
Аннотация
Каждая топонимическая единица Зангезура, относящаяся к азербайджанскому языку, создана в соответствии с требованиями и законами нашего языка и ярко отражает особенности национального языка. Глядя на каждую топонимическую единицу, факты показывают, что в системе топонимов Азербайджана нет простых и правильных ойконимов, образованных от лексических единиц нашего языка и маркированных с помощью морфем. На первый взгляд некоторые топонимы могут показаться простыми и правильными. Это сложные названия, образованные с помощью топонимов, указывающих на тип географических объектов. Анализируя лексико-семантический способ образования этнотопонимов Зангезура, становится ясно, что если рассматривать географические названия территории азербайджанского происхождения с исторической точки зрения, то ойконимы, оронимы и гидронимы являются географическими названиями, созданными до 20 век.
Ключевые слова: топоним, этнотопоним, ойконим, лексический, семантический, морфема.
Introduction
The ancient Turkish onomastic lexicon, which consists of subsystems such as anthroponym, ethnonym, toponym, oronym, oikonym, hydronym, cosmonym, which have various interactions and are related to each other, has not been the subject of comprehensive and extensive research until today. However, without an onomastic excursus, it is impossible to clarify a number of historical and theoretical issues of Turkish languages, some difficult problems that need to be solved.
Each toponymic unit belonging to the Azerbaijani language of Zangezur is created according to the requirements and laws of our language and clearly reflects the characteristics of the national language. Looking at each toponomic unit, the facts show that in the Azerbaijani system of toponyms,
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there are no simple and modified oikonyms derived from the lexical units specific to our language and marked with the help of morphemes. When you look at some toponyms, it may seem simple and correct at first glance. These are complex names formed with the help of toponyms indicating the type of geographical objects.
Main body
Analyzing the way ethnotoponyms of Zangezur are formed and formed by lexical-semantic method, it becomes clear that if we consider the geographical names of the territory of Azerbaijani origin from the historical point of view, oikonym, oronym and hydronym are geographical names that were created before the 20th century. The creation and development process of toponyms of Azerbaijani origin in Zangezur territory should be studied only in conjunction with the laws of linguistics. Here, the historical phonetics and grammatical structure of toponymy of Zangezur and Azerbaijan play an important role. The communication language of Zangezur population was one of the important factors in the analysis process. The structural, lexical-semantic features of ethnotoponyms are analyzed separately, and their features are compared with other toponyms. (1. p. 275).
When examining the structural types of ethnopoponyms of Turkish origin in Zangezur territory, they are clarified in simple, derivative, compound and multi-component ways.
Structurally simple ethnotoponyms. Ethnotoponyms that are structurally simple are few and far between. Because each ethnotoponym should be based on the name of the ethnos, which is very few compared to simple words in the language. Ethnotoponyms of Turkic origin that are simple in structure in Zangezur area can be given as examples: Sham, Gyumru, Zangi, Baydag, Dulus, Chul, etc. In many cases, it is difficult to divide simple ethnotoponyms into their components. Simple ethnotoponyms with phonetic variations are more noticeable (5. p. 101).
Dulus is the name of a village in Karakilsa district. The name of the village is shown in some sources as Tulus. It reflects the name of the Tulus tribe of ancient Turkic origin. This tribe is related to the Bayat and Turkesh tribes. (4. p. 114)
Tigik- the mountain in the territory of Lashin district. The toponym was born from the name of the Tug tribe. It is one of the toponyms that arose as a result of the settlement of the Turkic Tag (Tug) tribe that lived in Zangezur and Karabakh. Kiretag in Garakilsa district, Lower and Upper Giretag in Gafan district, Tig in Gorus district, Tug villages in Hadrut district, Taglar cave temple. same origin as toponyms. (4.p. 325)
Gorus - the name of the district in the territory of Zangezur. The name of the district was created as a result of the name of the Goros tribe, an ancient Turkic tribe (4. p. 135).
It is possible to cite such examples. When we look at these ethnotoponyms, we see that in simple ethnotoponyms, vowels and consonants are clearly substituted. It is known that during the explanation of ethnotoponyms, the explanation of the name of the tribe included in the composition of ethnotoponyms is taken as the basis, and interpretation and etymological analysis are made according to its meaning.
Ethnotoponyms with structurally derivative. Compared to simple ethnopoponyms, ethnotoponyms with derivative are relatively more numerous.
Abbaslar was the name of a village in Gorus district in Zangezur territory. The village was destroyed in the 30s of the 20th century. The village was located 16 km from the city of Gorus, its ruins and graves remained until recently. It is an ethnotoponym. (4.p. 25)
Abdallar was the name of a village in Zangezur region in Lachin district. The meaning of the name of the village is an ethnotoponym related to the name of the Abdal tribe from the Hun Turks (4. p. 26).
Judeler - a mountain in the territory of Lachin district. The mountain was named so because it used to be the homeland of the tribe called Cudeler. It is an ethnotoponym. (4.p. 91).
Demirchilar - village name in Gubadli district. The name of the village is related to the name of the Demirchilar tribe of Qizilbash. It is an ethnotoponym. (3. p. 270)
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In given ethnotoponyms, the suffixes - lar and - ler are considered as plural suffixes. (5.p.102).
Dallekli is the name of a village in Zangilan district. It is reported that the toponym belongs to the Dallekli generation. It was an ethnotoponym. (3.p. 269).
Chullu is the name of a village in Gafan district. It is related to the name of the Chul tribe of the Seljuk Oguz. It is an ethnotoponym. (3. p. 622).
Baharli is the name of a village in Gafan district. The toponym is an ethnotoponym derived from the name of the Baharli Turkic tribe. (3. p. 124).
In the examples given here, -li, -li, -lu are taken into account as suffixes of ethnotoponyms. Agali, Arigli, Eyvazli, Afsar, Qadili, Gubadli, Mahruzli, Mughanli, Sofulu, Shamli, Shotali, Tagli, Yemezli, etc. many examples can be given. (5. p. 100)
Structurally compound ethnotoponyms. Complex ethnotoponyms can be divided into a certain group according to the components included in their composition. The most noticeable components are bey, khan, castle, mountain, castle, etc. is encountered.
Amirkhanli - the name of a village in Zangilan district. According to the researchers, the toponym is related to the Amirkhan dash of Shahsevani. It is an ethnotoponym. (4. p. 121)
Deymadaghli - the name of a mountain in Zangezur. The meaning of the toponym is related to the settlement of the tribe of the same name at the foot of this mountain. It is an ethnotoponym. (3. p. 267)
Chiraglibashi - a mountain in Lachin district. The toponym is associated with the name of the Chiragli tribe of the Qizilbas. It is an ethnotoponym. (4. p. 95)
Bazarkend - village name in Garakilsa district. The toponym Bazar is taken from the name of the Turkic tribe, it is an ethnotoponym. (4. p. 73)
Balahasanli is the name of a village in Gubadli district. The toponym is an ethnotoponym derived from the name of the Balahasanli family. (4. p. 66)
Muradkhanli- the name of the village in Gubadli district. The village of Muradkhanli was formed as a result of the settlement of families belonging to the Muradkhanli division of the Takla tribe, who in the past spent the summer in Zangezur and the winter in Karabakh. Among the residents of Muradkhanli village, there are families and generations belonging to the Khasavan tribe. It is an ethnotoponym. (4. P.258)
Conclusion
As you can see, compound ethnotoponyms can be arranged in a certain form according to the component in their composition. It follows that a general process is the basis for the formation and correction of ethnotoponyms. It is clear from the linguistic analysis that the language tools involved in the formation of ethnotoponyms are the same. Unlike other language units, in onomastics, certain formats can be used to create onomastic units. This is a general aspect for special lexis. In the article, structural lexical-semantic, phonetic, grammatical features of various ethnotoponyms and non-ethnotoponym toponyms were studied in a comparative manner and similarities and differences between these groups were revealed. We aim to apply ethnotoponyms not only from a linguistic point of view, but also from a historical and geographical point of view.
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