CC BY
0УДК 33 Yayylova O., Durdyyev M., Akmuhammedov R.
Yayylova O.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Durdyyev M.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Akmuhammedov R.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY: INDICATORS, MEASUREMENTS, GROWTH RESERVES AND THE MAIN PRINCIPLES OF THEIR ANALYSIS
Аннотация: this article provides a brief overview of labor productivity: indicators, metrics, growth reserves and the main principles of their analysis. It also discusses the widely used and universal indicators of Labor Productivity, the Cost Method and the Labor Method of Measurement.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, labor productivity, indicators, metrics, growth reserves, competitiveness.
Labor productivity is one of the important indicators of the company's activity, which characterizes the efficiency and usefulness of people's work. Labor productivity, determined by the amount of product produced per unit of working time, testifies to the efficiency of the use of labor resources. The inverse indicator of labor productivity can also be estimated by labor intensity, that is, by the labor time spent to produce a unit of product.
A widely used and universal indicator of labor productivity is a developed product that can be calculated by three methods - natural, cost and labor methods, depending on the parameters used. Productivity is the amount of product produced per unit of working time or its average number of employees per day, month, quarter, year. The simplest and most reliable method is the natural method, in which the volume of the produced product is measured naturally
Natural measurements (numbers, tons, meters), as a rule, are used for the preparation of uniform products, they are simple and clear. However, their scope of application is limited because they do not allow to measure the multitude of different consumption values in the case of a wide nomenclature of products prepared by the company. The cost method is based on the fact that labor productivity is defined as the ratio of the amount of output produced to the time spent working. The following indicators can be taken as the volume of the produced product: gross, commodity, standard, net and net product, as well as gross profit.
and net product as well as gross profit. The labor method of measurement is based on estimating the volume of output in standard time units - standard hours. The prerequisites for using this method are the uniformity of regulations and the regulation of time-based workers. This method has its own shortcomings, for example, when standard hours are used, the complexity and quality of labor is not taken into account.
At the same time, the indicator of labor demand, i.e., the indicator of working time spent per unit of product in a natural form, is widely used in various calculations, including when calculating the increase in labor productivity. Depending on the degree of coverage of labor consumption, labor intensiveness can be absolute, technological and industrial intensiveness. The total labor intensity of the product includes the labor spent by all industrial workers, the labor spent by the main and auxiliary workers in the production labor intensity, and the labor spent only by the main production workers in the technological labor intensity. Accordingly, the labor demand of the product can be determined by all the more detailed categories of employees of enterprises and by their professional groups.
Standard, planned and actual labor intensity are distinguished. Standardized labor requirements include technical time standards, service standards, number of employees, etc. is determined on the basis of the planned labor demand is determined according to the standard labor demand, but taking into account measures aimed at improving production efficiency and labor productivity, provided for in the planning period. Actual labor demand testifies to the actual labor consumption per unit of output at a given time and is a clear reflection of the labor productivity index.
The task of constantly increasing labor productivity and, as a result, reducing costs per unit of production requires the search for all types of reserves and their future use. In this case, opportunities are understood as opportunities to increase productivity by making fuller use of growth factors and eliminating various types of losses in the enterprise.
There are many ways to improve labor productivity, and they are possible at all levels of management and in all areas of production. All reserves can be divided into the following groups: 1. According to the source of increasing labor productivity:
- improving the use of production resources, - to improve the utilization of labor force. 2. According to the level of exposure and utilization: - plant, - seh, - brigade, -at work. 3. By functional origin: - main production, - auxiliary production, -management. 4. According to the possible terms of use: - daily, - with a future.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs".
- Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
