CC BY
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Россия, г. Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, дом 32, e-mail: [email protected]
Армянинова Татьяна Викторовна - доцент кафедры физического воспитания и спорта, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Башкирский государственный университет», 450074, Россия, г. Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, дом 32
Гарифуллин Руслан Ринатович - старший преподаватель кафедры физического воспитания и спорта, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Башкирский государственный университет», 450074, Россия, г. Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, дом 32
Буранбаев Радик Абдулхакович - старший преподаватель кафедры физического воспитания и спорта, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Башкирский государственный университет», 450074, Россия, г. Уфа, ул. Заки Валиди, дом 32
Кашапова Р.А. - кандидат биологических наук, доцент, Уфимский филиал федерального государственного образовательного бюджетного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации», 450015, Россия, г. Уфа, ул. Мустая Карима, дом 69/1
Для цитирования: Гафаров Р.Ю., Армянинова Т.В., Гарифуллин Р.Р., Буранбаев Р.А., Кашапова Р.А. Методологические основания исследования физической культуры как социального ресурса в развитии социальной субъектности // Педагогико-психологические и медико-биологические проблемы физической культуры и спорта. - 2018. - Т. 13. - № 1. - С. 62-72. DOI 10/14526/01 2018 284
DOI 10/14526/01_2018_285
КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОЦЕНКА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ В СВОБОДНОЕ ВРЕМЯ СРЕДИ СТУДЕНТОВ УНИВЕРСИТЕТОВ НА ЮГО-ЗАПАДЕ, НИГЕРИЯ
Т.О. Ибрагим — доктор философии, преподаватель, заведующий кафедрой кинетики
человека, Университет Илорина, ПМБ 1515, Илорин, штат Квара, Нигерия М.А. Аджибуа - директор по спорту Федеральный технологический университет, PMB 704, Акуре, штат Ондо, Нигерия О.Л. Доминик - доктор медицинских наук, преподаватель кафедры кинетики человека Университет Илорина, ПМБ 1515, Илорин, штат Квара, Нигерия
E-mail: alayodeajibua@gmail. com
Аннотация. Регулярное участие в досуговой физической активности благотворно сказывается на здоровье человека. Несмотря на свою важность, она продолжает снижаться среди Нигерийцев, что ведет к росту распространенности хронических заболеваний. Необходимо недооценивать различные слои нигерийского населения, с тем чтобы определить, в какой степени они участвуют в осуществлении физической активности в свободное время в целях содействия осуществлению программ вмешательства. Это исследование намерено занижать количество физической активности в свободное время среди студентов университета. Результаты исследования помогут
72
политикам, спортивным руководителям, тренерам, родителям и другим заинтересованным сторонам в рамках и за пределами университетской системы оказать необходимую поддержку, которая поможет улучшить физическую активность в свободное время среди студентов университетов на юго-западе Нигерии. Методология исследования. В исследовании была принята описательная схема обследования. Все студенты в государственных университетах на юго-западе Нигерии были отобраны для обследования. Выборка для исследования составила 2 867 человек, что составляет 10% студентов мужского и женского пола в предпоследних и выпускных курсах в университетах, отобранных для исследования с использованием многоступенчатой методики выборки. Собранные данные были проанализированы с использованием описательной статистики количества частот и процентов. Результаты исследования показали, что студенты участвуют в различных мероприятиях в свободное время. Кроме того, более половины студентов университетов на юго-западе Нигерии не соблюдают международные руководящие принципы физической активности. Заключение. Специалисты по организации досуга в университетах должны обеспечивать различные виды деятельности, отвечающие потребностям и чаяниям студентов университетов. Рекомендации. Существует необходимость в разработке политики, повышении осведомленности и осуществлении других программ, направленных на улучшение физической активности в свободное время среди студентов в юго-западной части Нигерии.
Ключевые слова: активная деятельность, пассивная деятельность, малоподвижный образ жизни, самоисследование, качество жизни.
QUANTIFICATION OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
Ibraheem T.O. - Ph.D., Lecturer, The Head of Department of Human Kinetics University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Ajibua M. A. - Director of Sports Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Dominic O. L. - Ph.D., Lecturer in The Department of Human Kinetics University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
E-mail: [email protected]
Annotation. Regular participation in leisure-time physical activity is beneficial to human health. Despite its importance, it has continued to decline among Nigerians, consequently leading to rising prevalence of chronic diseases and conditions. There is the need to understudy the various strata of the Nigerian population with a view to ascertaining the quantity of their engagement in LTPA to facilitate intervention programmes. This study intends to understudy the quantity of LTPA among university students. The result of the study will assist policy makers, sports administrators, coaches, parents and other stakeholders within and outside the university system to give necessary support that will help improve LTPA among university students in South-west, Nigeria. Research Methodology. The study adopted descriptive survey design. All the students in public-own universities in South-west Nigeria were used for the study. The sample for the study was 2, 867 which is 10% of male and female students in penultimate and final classes in the universities selected for the study using multi-stage sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages. The results of the study demonstrated that undergraduate students engage in different activities during leisure time. Also, more than half of university students in South-west Nigeria were not meeting the international physical activity guidelines. Conclusion. Leisure professionals in universities should provide variety of activities to meet the needs and aspirations of university students. Recommendations. There is need for policy
formulation, awareness and other intervention programmes to help improve leisure-Time Physical Activity among undergraduate students in South-west Nigeria.
Keywords: active activity, passive activity, sedentary lifestyle, self-exploratory, quality of life.
Introduction. Leisure provides opportunity for people to interact and benefit from their environment - intrapersonal, social and physical environment. The knowledge of its usefulness to mankind prompted various national governments, international organizations and advisory groups to continue to advocate for the positive use of leisure-time. Leisure is like a two-edged sword; one edge can provide the background for creativity and development and the other can direct people to moral decadence and social problems. It must be noted, therefore, that leisure can be a curse or blessing; an asset or a liability depending on its content (Torkilden, 2005). LTPA can be described as the positive side of leisure because of its benefits for healthy living. While sedentarism is discouraged because it is the cause of many chronic diseases among people of different ages today. LTPA includes walking, playing tennis, playing soccer, fishing, swimming etc. Incorporating variety of LTPA in terms of type, intensity, duration and frequency, in a workout is important for maximum benefits. Variation in personal goals may lead to difference in the quality of LTPA among people.).
From the foregone analyses, there is the urgent need to understudy the leisure time activity of Nigerians. Various authors recommended periodic in-depth examination of different strata of Nigerian society to ascertain the status of LTPA among them. (Alla, 1997, Awotidebe, Adedoyin, Adegbesan, Babalola, Olukoju, Mbada, Chirwa & Bisiriyu, 2014, Talabi, Ajayi-Vincent and Aribamikan, 2010).
Statement of the Problem. Evidence available showed that LTPA has continued to be on the decline among university students in Nigeria (Awotidebe et. al. 2014). The advents of attractive sedentary leisure activities seem to have turned the hearts of our hitherto active university students away from physical activities. It appears too they are more involved in inactive activities such as
motorised activities, video games, internet surfing activities etc., at the expense of physical activities which are more beneficial to healthful living. Scaring figures on health indicators for Nigeria especially as it relates to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) at every stratum of the population particularly the adolescent, the age group most university students belong abound in literature (Awotidebe, et. al., 2014, Ekpenyong, Udokang, Akpan & Samson, 2013).
The health status of university students should be of great concern to the government at various administrative levels in Nigeria because physical fitness at this period tends to track health fitness to adulthood (Chen, Mason, Zalmont & Hammond-Bennett, 2013). As reflected in the 2011 United Nations Organization Declaration on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), national leaders worldwide recognised that left uncheck NCDs will place enormous strain on the health systems and economies of many nations. It is apparent today that State Governments in South-west, Nigeria have relatively limited resources to devote to healthcare of people with NCDs, now that the national economy is sliding due to drop in the international price of crude oil (Ajani, 2011). Therefore, it is important, that universally accept health behaviour such as LTPA are encouraged among university students because of its cost-effectiveness in prevention and cure of chronic diseases and conditions.
Methodology. The Study examined the quantity of LTPA among university students in Southwest Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. The population comprised of all the students in public-owned universities in the six (6) states in the Southwest Geo-political zone of Nigeria totaling 219,662. The study used a multi-stage sampling technique. There are eight state-owned universities, and six Federal government owned universities in Southwest Nigeria. Stage one: Out of the 14 public-owned Universities (State and Federal)
in South-west Nigeria, 50% (4 State and 3 Federal Universities) were randomly selected for the study using stratified sampling technique.
Stage two: 50 % of the faculties/schools/colleges in various Universities earlier picked were randomly selected for the study using simple random sampling technique.
Stage three: 50 % of departments in each of the faculties/schools/colleges selected were randomly selected for this study using proportionate sampling technique.
Stage four: All the penultimate and final year students in the departments selected from the universities were purposively and proportionately selected for the study because they were expected to be more accustomed to the LTPA culture in their various universities. The students were arranged in two discrete groups (males and females) according to their listing on their various university registration lists. This process was adopted to move from general to specific and from wide to small but representative constituent. The total sample was 28, 469 University students. The researcher used a stratified sampling technique to select 10 % of the sample for the study. The sampled female university students' population in final and semi-final classes was 15,114 with 10% totaling 1,511 while their male counterparts was 13, 355 with 10% totaling 1,356. The sample size for the study was 2,867 university students. The total number of wider population in each of the discrete groups being represented were divided by the size required to arrive at the frequency interval to be used in picking 10%
respondents from each university selected for the study. The researcher self-constructed instrument tagged, 'Leisure Activity Questionnaire (LAQ),' was used for the study. The instrument was subjected to a pilot test during which it was administered twice within two weeks' interval using the "test-retest method". Twenty university students from Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji, Arakeji, Osun State were selected randomly to fill the questionnaire. Two weeks later, the same twenty randomly selected students were made to fill out the same questionnaire. The reliability test was carried out using Cronbach's Alpha statistics which helps to measure the reliability and consistency of the instrument. The result showed that Cronbach's Alpha was 0.87, which is reliable for the study. To obtain data for this study, the researcher firstly got the Ethical form approved and went ahead to collect a letter of introduction from the Head of Department of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, to all the universities that were involved in the study for the administration of questionnaire. The researcher employed the services of six research assistants who helped in administering the questionnaire to the respondents. The research assistants underwent one-day training before embarking on the assignment. It is believed that all respondents cooperated in filling the questionnaire. The questionnaires were then collected from the respondents immediately on completion. The descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the data collected.
Table 1
Demographic Information of the Respondents
S/N VARIABLES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
1 Gender
Male 1,290 47.3
Female 1,440 52.7
Total 2,730 100
2 Age in years
16-18 451 16.5
19-21 1,139 41.7
22-24 504 18.5
25 and above 636 23.3
Total 3 Religion
Christian
Muslim
Total
Disability
Yes
No
Total
This section presents the demographic information of university students in Southwest, Nigeria in relation to gender, age, and religion affiliation.
The analysis of data in Table 2 revealed that respondents were more involved in sedentary activities such as reading novel, playing computer game, engaging in internet-based activities, watching TV, singing, and listening to music with average percentage of (67.7%). This was followed by lifestyle activities (63.5%), another category of respondents who participated in strength and endurance activities such as jogging, running, playing racket games, ball games (61.7%), lifting of weight of different sizes, aerobic
2,730 100
1,871 68.5
859 31.5
2,730 100
359 13.2
2,371 86.8
2,730 100
dances etc. recorded (53.8%). Again, data describing the intensity of LTPA among respondents indicated that 52.6%% and 65.7% respectively were involved in sedentary and low intensity activity. The results showed that 62.4% of respondents engaged in moderate LTPA and another 57.4% of respondents were involved in vigorous LTPA. The average percentage of moderate to vigorous activity was 59.9%. Table 2 further indicated that 60.6% of respondents were engaged in more than 30 minutes of LTPA daily, but only 48.3% of the population participated in LTPA for 30 minutes daily for 5 days a week on regular basis.
Table 2
Descriptive Analysis Showing Quantity of Leisure-Time Physical Activity among University _Students in South-West, Nigeria___
N/S Quantity of LTPA SA A D SD
1. a). Lifestyle activities i. Walking 1175(43.0%) 605(22.2%) 712(26.1%) 238(8.7%)
ii. Climbing Stairs 422(15.4%) 1211(44.4%) 895(32.8%) 202(7.4%)
iii. Mowing and raking yard 321(11.7%) 877(32.1%) 1150(42.1%) 450(16.5%)
iv. Household Chores 689(25.2%) 1306(47.8%) 498(18.2%) 237(8.7%)
b). Aerobic activities i. Jumping rope 586(21.4%) 841(30.8%) 915(33.5%) 388(14.2%)
ii. Swimming 861(31.5%) 851(31.1%) 684(25.1%) 334(12.3%)
iii. Biking 404(14.7%) 902(32.0%) 977(35.8%) 447(16.4%)
c). Strength and Endurance activities i. Jogging and running 947(34.7%) 1075(39.3%) 549(20.1%) 159(5.8%)
ii. Racket games and ball games etc. 742(27.2%) 962(35.2%) 783(28.7%) 243(8.9%)
iii. Lifting weights of different sizes 647(23.7%) 1073(39.3%) 628(23.0%) 382(14.0%)
iv. Aerobic dances 580(21.2%) 718(26.3%) 1072(39.2%) 360(13.2%)
d). Sedentary activities i. Reading novels 768(28.1%) 1173(42.9%) 550(20.1%) 237(8.7%)
ii. Playing Computer games 948(34.7%) 819(30.0%) 796(29.1%) 167(6.1%)
iii. Internet-based activities 773(28.3%) 1007(36.9%) 589(21.6%) 361(13.2%)
iv. Watching TV 790(29.1%) 1176(42.9%) 601(22%) 163(6%)
v. Singing 968(35.4%) 828(30.3%) 664(24.3%) 270(9.9%)
Quantity of LTPA Cont'd
N/S Quantity of LTPA SA A D SD
2 Intensity of activities i. Sedentary 649(23.8%) 788(28.8%) 881(32.3%) 412(151%)
ii. Low intensity 967(35.4%) 829(30.3%) 661(24.2%) 273(10.0%)
iii. Moderate intensity 595(21.8%) 1110(40.6%) 841(30.8%) 184(6.7%)
iv. Vigorous(high) 606(22.2%) 961(35.2%) 876(32.1%) 287(10.5%)
3 Duration of activities i. Less than 10 minutes 720(26.4%) 867(31.7%) 808(29.6%) 335(12.3%)
ii. 10-20 minutes 643(23.5%) 640(23.4%) 1197(43.8%) 250(9.2%)
iii. Above 30 minutes 847(31.0%) 810(29.6%) 739(27.1%) 334(12.2%)
4 Frequency of activities i. Once a week on regular basis 860(31.5%) 703(25.7%) 887(32.5%) 280(10.2%)
ii. Twice a week on regular basis 782(28.6%) 931(34.1%) 857(31.3%) 160(5.9%)
iii. Thrice a week on regular basis 611(22.4%) 779(28.5%) 1072(39.3%) 268(9.8%)
iv. At least five times a week on regular basis 673(24.6%) 648(23.7%) 1199(43.9%) 210(7.7%)
Discussion. The results of the study revealed that university students participated more in sedentary activity such as reading novel, playing computer games, internet-based activities, watching TV, singing and listening to music etc. more than engaging in active lifestyle activities, strength and endurance activities and aerobic activities. In line with this position, Singh and Misra (2015) researched into the pattern of leisure lifestyles among students and discovered that there was a significant prevalence of screen-time activities among students reflecting a large engagement in sedentary activities than physically demanding leisure activities.
Further scrutiny of the results of the present study indicated that 48.3% respondents were able to accumulate on average 30 minutes at moderate intensity daily for 5 days on regular basis. It thus meant that less than half of the university students in the South-west, Nigeria met the International Physical Activity Guidelines which require individuals to participate in 30 minutes of LTPA daily, at least 5 days a week, on regular basis. The results of this present study are in tandem with Judge, Bella, Lee, Petersen, Wanless, Surber, Ferkel and Simon (2012) which reported that about 60% of university students do not on average accumulated five days a week for 30 minutes at moderate intensity in other to achieve maximum health benefits. The low level of participation of
university students in LTPA may be caused by factors such as lack of LTPA professionals in Nigerian universities, presence of physical environments that are not supportive of LTPA, inadequate support from significant individuals from within and outside the university community to encourage participate in LTPA among students , lack of policy to drive LTPA in academic institutions in Nigeria, shallowness of Physical Education curriculum in primary and secondary schools and negative attitudes toward LTPA Nigerian universities (Jeroh, 2002 and Fasan, 2004)
Conclusion. The results of the study indicated that university students engaged in diverse LTPA. Though the intensity, duration of LTPA of students were above average, but the frequency of their engagement in those activities do not meet the international guidelines for physical activity and this will have negative impacts on the health and wellbeing of the students. The decrease in the level of LTPA among university students portends great danger for the future of the country. There is the need for interventions in Nigerian universities to forestall the calamity that is waiting to happen.
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Подано: 13.02.2018 Принято: 16.02.2018
Ибрагим Т. О. - доктор философии, преподаватель, заведующий кафедрой кинетики человека, Университет Илорина, ПМБ 1515, Илорин, штат Квара, Нигерия Аджибуа М. А. - директор по спорту, Федеральный технологический университет, PMB 704, Акуре, штат Ондо, Нигерия, e-mail: alayodeajibua@gmail. com
Доминик О. Л. - доктор медицинских наук, преподаватель кафедры кинетики человека, Университет Илорина, ПМБ 1515, Илорин, штат Квара, Нигерия
Для цитирования: Ибрагим Т.О., Аджибуа М.А., Доминик О.Л. Количественная оценка физической активности в свободное время среди студентов университетов на юго-западе, Нигерия // Педагогико-психологические и медико-биологические проблемы физической культуры и спорта. - 2018. - Т. 13. - № 1. - С. 72-78. DOI 10/14526/01_2018_285
