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40Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
KOBALT SAQLAGAN KEKLARNI GIDROMETALLURGIK QAYTA ISHLASH USULLARINI O'RGANISH VA TAHLIL QILISH.
Sunnatov J.B.
Qarshiyev H.K.
Shaymanov I.I.
I.Karimov nomidagi TDTU Olmaliq filiali
ANNOTATSIYA
Maqolada kobalt saqlagan keklarni turli xil kislotalar yordamida gidrometallurgikyo 'l bilan qayta ishlab uning tarkibidagi rangli metallar (Co, Ni, Zn) ni kompleks ajratib olishning zamonaviy usullari ko 'rib chiqilgan. Har bir usulning yutuq va kamchiliklari batafsil yoritilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: Gidrometallurgiya, ammiakli-ammoniy-sulfat usuli, Ekstraksiya usuli, D2EGFK, NaOH, a-nitrozo-ß-naftol, sulfatlovchili kuydirish.
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF COBALT CAKE Sunnatov J.B. Karshiev Kh.K. Shaimanov I.I.
Almalyk branch of Tashkent State Technical University named after I. Karimov.
ABSTRACT
The article discusses modern methods of complex extraction of non-ferrous metals such as (Co, Ni, Zn) with hydrometallurgical processing of cobalt-containing cakes using various acids. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are described in detail.
Key words: hydrometallurgy, ammonia-ammonia-sulphate method, extraction method, D2EGFK, NaOH, a-nitroso-fi-naphthol, sulfate roasting.
KIRISH
Hozirgi kunda kobalt saqlovchi yarim tayyor mahsulotlardan, murakkab tarkibli ruda va konsentratlardan kobaltni ajratib olish uchun piro - hamda gidrometallurgik usullardan keng foydalanib kelinmoqda. Pirometallurgik jarayonlar atrof muhitga katta miqdorda turli xildagi chiqindilar chang gaz va toshqol chiqarishi va jarayonga sarflanadigan kapital sarf xarajatlarning ko'pligi bilan xarakterlanadi. Yildan yilga yashil metallurgiyaning rivojlanib borishi uning oldiga har qanday
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
turdagi xomashyolarni qayta ishlashda atrof muhitga yetqaziladigan zararni ko'lamini kamaytirishni vazifa qilib qo'ymoqda. Bu ishlarning amaliy yechimi esa gidrometallurgik usul hisoblanadi. Tadqiqot obyekti sifatida "Olmaliq" KMK AJ Rux ishlab chiqarishda hosil bo'layotgan oraliq mahsulotlar (keklar) olindi. Tadqiqot obyektini miqdoriy tarkibi % da: Rux - 25-45, kobalt - 0,5-2, kadmiy - 3-5. Maqsad. Kobalt saqlagan keklarni gidrometallurgik qayta ishlash usullarini o'rganish va tahlil qilish. Vazifa. Kobaltni eritmadan yarim tayyor yoki tayyor mahsulot ko'rinishida ajratib olish. Rux ishlab chiqarishda hosil bo'ladigan oraliq mahsulotlardan rux va kobaltni gidrometallurgik yo'l (ammiakli-ammoniy-sulfat usuli bilan tanlab eritish usuli) bilan ajratib olishni o'rganishgan (AAS) [1]. Jarayonning texnologik sxemasi AAS 1 rasmda keltirilgan. Ushbu jarayon mahsulotlari sifatida rux kukun holida kobalt esa yuqori sifatli oksid holigacha tiklab ajratib olingan. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatdiki Zn, Co va Cd larni tanlab eritish darajalari mos ravishda 91,18, 96,98 va 89,35 % larni tashkil qilgan. Ammiakli tanlab eritishdan olingan kobaltga boy bo'lgan qoldiqni tozalashdan olingan eritmada Co-3,79 % ni tashkil etib dastlabki xomashyo tarkibidagi kobalt miqdoridan 8,4 marta ko'p bo'lgan. Qolgan qo'shimchalar Fe, Pb, Ca va Mg lardan ASS tanlab eritishda tozalanadi sababi shuki ushbu elementlar ammiakli kompleks hosil qilishmaydi [2]. Shu bilan kobaltni yuqori ajratib olish darajasi 80 % dan ortiq bo'lgan va buning uchun ASS tanlab eritish olib borilgan [3].
Kobalt saqlagan kek 1
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
1-rasm AAS tanlab eritishning texnologik sxemasi.
Jadval № 1
Xona haroratida kobalt-ammiakli kompleksning barqarorlik konstantasi.
Komplek s turlari Co(NHs)2 + Co(NH3)22 + Co(NH3)32 + Co(NH3)42 + Co(NH3)s2 + Co(NH3)62 +
lgPi 2,11 3,74 4,79 5,55 5,73 5,11
Jadvaldan shuni tushunish mumkinki agarda ammiak konsentratsiyasini oshirib borilsa kobaltni tanlab eritish imkoniyatini ham oshib boradi.
Ekstraksiya usuli asosan gidrometallurgik jarayonlarda eng keng qo'llanilib kelinayotgan usullardan biri bo'lib bunda asosan tanlab eritishda olingan eritmadagi metal ionlarini bir biridan ajratishda, tozalashda va qo'shimchalarni yo'qotishda foydalaniladi [4]. Rux va kobaltni bir biridan ajratishda D2EGFK ning samarali organik erituvchi ekanligi Kongolo tomonidan isbotlangan. Yana Banza [5] ham eritmadagi ruxni kobaltdan muvaffaqiyatli ajratib olishga erishganlar. Muhit pH 3,5 bo'lganda bir vaqtning o'zida rux va kobaltning D2EGFK ga ajratib olinish darajasi 20 % dan tashkil qildi. So'ngra ushbu metallarni ekstragentdan ajratib olish qayta tozalash orqali 2 bosqichda amalga oshirildi muhitlar mos ravishda pH 2,5 va 1,5 ushlab turildi. Natijada rux va kobaltni ajratib olish darajasi 90 % ni tashkil qildi . Kumar [6] ilmiy tadqiqot ishlarining natijalari shuni ko'rsatdiki yuqori pH muhitlarida kobaltni ajratib olish 0,64 M sovunlangan D2EGFK da amalga oshirilgan. pH 2 dan past bo'lgan muhitlarda ruxni ekstraksiya qilish kobaltni ekstraksiyalashdan afzalroq ekanligini ko'rishimiz mumkin. Zn-Co sulfatli eritmalardan rux va kobaltni ajratoshining texnologik sxemasi 2-rasmda ko'rsatilgan.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Ruxli eritma
2-rasm D2EGFK yordamida rux va kobaltni bir biridan ajratishning texnologik
sxemasi.
2-jadvalda keltirilgan orthogonal tajribalar natijalari bizga turli xil faktorlarni rux va kobaltni tanlab eritishga ta'sirini o'rganishga yaqindan yordam beradi.
Tajriba ishlari shuni ko'rsatdiki tanlab eritishda NaOH konsentratsiyasi va harorat Zn,Co,Cd ni tanlab eritish darajasini belgilab beruvchi asosiy omil bo'lib xizmat qildi. NaOH 2,5 mol/l, S:Q nisbat 20:1 harorat 30oC va davomiylik 40 daqiqani tashkil qilganda Zn,Co,Cd larning tanlab eritish darajalari mos ravishda 96,33, 4,02 va 4,18 % larni tashkil qildi. Bundan ko'rinib turibdiki ishqorli tanlab
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
eritish Zn, Co va Cd ni bir biridan ajratib olishda eng samarali usul bo'lib xizmat qilarkan.
Jadval № 2
Ortogonal tajriba ishlarining natijalari.
Zn, Co, Cd,
№ NaOH konsentratsiyasi mol/litr S:Q nisbat Davomiylik, daqiqa Harorat, oC eritmaga o'tish darajasi % eritmaga o'tish darajasi % eritmaga o'tish darajasi %
1 2,1 16 32 28 52,88 2,03 0,86
2 2,1 17 34 30 84,81 2,20 2,03
3 2,1 18 36 33 78,51 1,47 1,00
4 2,1 19 38 35 77,98 1,67 1,09
5 2,2 16 34 33 90,25 1,31 1,93
6 2,2 17 32 35 83,60 1,52 1,59
7 2,2 18 38 28 90,86 1,90 1,67
8 2,2 19 36 30 46,78 4,06 1,77
9 2,3 16 36 35 96,84 2,34 1,62
10 2,3 17 32 33 49,29 3,21 1,25
11 2,3 18 38 30 91,84 1,68 1,77
12 2,3 19 34 28 99,36 2,01 1,95
13 2,4 16 38 30 93,10 1,72 1,69
14 2,4 17 36 28 93,03 1,42 1,54
15 2,4 18 34 35 26,94 2,49 0,98
16 2,4 19 32 33 66,43 2,48 1,10
Eritmadan kobalt ionlarini ajratib olishning yana bir usuli bu natriy nitrit va ß-naftol yordamida cho'ktirish hisoblanadi [7]. Ushbu metodning mexanizmi quyidagi reaksiyalarda keltirilgan [8]:
NaN02 + H+ = Na+ + HN02
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
a-nitrozo-ß-naftol va uch valentli kobalt jigarrang-qizil xelatlami hosil qiladi. Ushbu metod bilan kobaltni ajratib olishning yuqori darajasiga erishish mumkin. Metodning kamchiligi reagentning qimmat ekanligi hisoblanadi [9]. Olingan a-nitrozo-ß-naftol kobaltda organik birikmalar ko'pligi sababli undan kobaltni tiklash uchun a-nitrozo-ß-naftol kobaltni yuqori haroratlarda kuydirish zarur.
Jarayonning texnologik sxemasi 3-rasmda keltirilgan. Kislotali yuvishdan keyin Zn, Cd va Mn ni 95 % dan ortiq miqdorini ajratib olish mumkin ushbu holatda kobaltni yuvilish darajasi 0,1 % dan kam chunki a-nitrozo-ß-naftol kobalt kislotada erimaydi [10]. Erimay qolgan qoldiq kek esa metall oksidlariga parchalanishi uchun yuqori haroratda kuydiriladi, so'ngra olingan metall oksidlari xususan kobalt oksidini eruvchan sulfat holiga o'tqazish maqsadida past haroratda sulfatlovchi kuydirish olib boriladi [11] . Olingan sulfat holidagi birikmalarni H2O da tanlab eritilganda Co, Zn va Ni ni tanlab eritish darajasi 95 % dan yuqori bo'ladi. Keyinchalik olingan kobaltli eritma qo'shimchalardan tozalanib kobalt ajratib olishga yo'naltiriladi [12]. Ushbu metod yordamida xomashyodagi 95 % kobaltni tiklash imkoni mavjud.
a-nitroza- ß-naftol kobalt keki
Eritma Erimay qolgan qoldiq
3-rasm a-nitrozo-ß-naftol kobalt qoldig'ini tozalashning texnologik sxemasi.
Yuqoridagi texnologiyani asosi oksidlovchi hamda sulfatlovchili kuydirishga asoslangan. Bundan asosiy ko'zlangan maqsad qo'shimchalardan qutulish va tozalash hisoblanadi [13]. Ammo kek tanlab eritilgandan so'ng olingan eritmadan qo'shimchalarni tozlashda erituvchilar yordamida ekstarksiyalash yoki ionalmashinish usullaridan ham foydalanilgani maqsadga muvofiqdir. Lekin bir
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
muhim jihatga diqqatimizni qaratish kerakki agarda to'g'ridan to'g'ri ushbu kekni kuydiradigan bo'lsak qimmat bo'lgan reagent ß-naftolni parchalanishiga hamda ko'p miqdorda azot oksidlari hosil bo'lishiga olib keladi bu esa o'z navbatida atrof muhitga ham jiddiy zarar yetkazadi.
XULOSA
Yildan yilga ushbu metallga bo'lgan talabni ortib borishini e'tiborga oladigan bo'lsak talabni qondirish uchun hozirgi davr bizning oldimizga nafaqat birlamchi balkim mavjud Co saqlagan ikkilamchi xomashyo resurslaridan ham kobalt ajratib olish vazifasini qo'ymoqda. Rux ishlab chiqarishdagi kobalt saqlovchi oraliq mahsulotlarni gidrometallurgik yo'l bilan qayta ishlab kobaltni ajratib olish esa ushbu muommoni yechimi bo'lib xizmat qiladi.
ADABIYOTLAR (REFERENCES)
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6. Kumar, V., Bagchi, D., Pancley, B.D., 2006. Extraction of zinc-cobalt from sulphate solution of cobalt cake by D2EHPA in the processing of Indian ocean nodules. Steel Res. Int. 77 (5), 299-304.
7. Wu, Y.X., Li, X.P., Li, Y.B., 2012. Study on synthesis of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol and its application in cobalt removal process in zinc sulfate solution. China Non-Ferrous Metall. 3, 71-75.
8. Jiang, H.B., 2009. Cobalt Oxide Production of Feasiblility Study Used Zinc Cobalt in Addition to Slag. Northeastern University of China.
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
9. Jiang, Y., Zeng, P., Li, G.F., 2015. Study on the removing technology of cobalt from poor cadmium solution in zinc hydrometallurgy. China Metal Bull. S1, 17-
10. Li, Q., Fung, K.Y., Nee, K.M., 2019b. Separation of Ni, Co, and Mn from spent LiNiO.5MnO.3CoO.2O2 cathode materials by ammonia dissolution. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7 (15), 12718-12725.
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13. International scientific and scientific-technical conference on "PRACTICAL AND INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: CURRENT PROBLEMS, ACHIEVEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS (DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF PROFESSOR A.A.YUSUPKHODJAEV)" 6 th December, 2021 - Tashkent. 180-183
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