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6Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
KHOREZM RENAISSANCE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Iskandarov Usmon Iskandarovich
Urgench State University, Faculty of Technology, Master of Architecture, Urgench, Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The article provides insights into the schools of ancient Khorezm Local Architecture. There is also information about the architecture of the ancient city of Khiva "Ichan Qala".
Keywords: Khorezm, Khiva, methods, principles, khanates, builder, Islam Khoja, architecture.
Maqolada qadimiy Xorazm mahalliy arxitektura maktablari haqida tushuncha berilgan. Shuningdek, maqola qadimiy Xiva shahri "Ichan qal'a" me'morchiligi haqida ham kengroq ma 'lumotlarni o^z ichiga oladi.
Kalit so'zlar: Xorazmiy, Xiva, usullar, tamoyillar, xonliklar, quruvchi, Islomxoja, me'morchilik.
В статье дается представление о школах древнехорезмской местной архитектуры. Имеются также сведения об архитектуре древнего города Хивы «Ичан Кала».
Ключевые слова: Хорезмские, Хива, методы, принципы, ханства, ^роител, Ислама Ходжи, архитектуры.
INTRODUCTION
In the Middle Ages, Khiva and nearby cities played an important role in the economy of Uzbekistan. Caravan routes connecting East and West passed through them. These areas have also contributed to the development of cultural and diplomatic ties. During the wars of the Middle Ages, armies moved along them and travelers came from distant lands. They were also the migration of the best architectural and artistic ideas to neighboring provinces.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
Khiva - a city of history, a city of legends. With his secrets and mysteries. It embodies the spirit of ancient poets, scholars and Sufis.
Tatyana Semyonova
ANNOTATSIYA
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Over the years, Khorezm builders have developed certain principles, methods, techniques and created a unique school of architecture, the traditions of which have spread even beyond the region and found in the cities of the Volga and North Caucasus.
Figure 1. (Khiva, Ichan-kala)
The Khorezm school is distinguished by the use of domes.
The construction of Khiva's architectural monuments is divided into about four periods. The first period was the construction of the castle walls, the second period is the period after the invasion of Genghis Khan, as evidenced by the building, built in the XIII-XIV centuries, the mausoleum of Said Alauddin. The third period of architectural development coincided with the rise of the Uzbek khans in Khorezm. This led to the promotion of the socio-political life of the state to the south, which in turn led to the rapid development of the city of Khiva.
Typically, the minarets performed three functions: they were to call the believers to prayer, observation posts during civil wars, and finally, the coordinate points of the city. It is difficult to get lost in Khiva, as the Islam Khoja minaret can be seen from anywhere in the city in the right proportions. One of the important achievements of medieval architecture, the Khiva towers occupy their place in the city panorama.
Figure 2. (Khiva, Ichan-kala)
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
The four arched gates connected by side side towers have been preserved: Baghchadarvoza in the north, Palvondarvoza in the east, Tashdarvoza in the south and Atadarvoza in the west. The gate around Dishon-kala was built in the XIX century. The most important of the surviving buildings of the architectural group is the Double Gate. There are two arched passages between the three cylindrical towers. On top of them is a traditional gallery, on top of which is mounted a battle parapet. Decorative belts made of multi-colored ceramic tiles give them glory.
The ensemble "Pahlavon Mahmud" is one of the best works of Khorezm architects. Travelers who visited Khiva in the mid-19th century counted twenty-two madrasas there. This confirmed the level of knowledge of the Khorezm population. The rulers of the khanate paid great attention to the education of the youth, in fact the madrasas were Islamic universities, where, in addition to theology, they studied history, geography, astronomy and other sciences.
CONCLUSION
We see that the schools of architecture date back to antiquity, to the Renaissance. Its existence from the Renaissance to the present day is due to the formation of local schools of architecture at that time, which means that the cornerstone of modern architecture was laid in the process of master-scientific tradition. I hope that the schools of architecture and design, as well as the improvement of the educational process, will contribute to the further development of the architecture of the future.
REFERENCES
1. Чуб Анна, кафедра История и теория архитектуры, ТАСИ, Министерство
высшего и среднего специального образования Республики Узбекистан
2. Татьяна Семёнова «Хива. Хорезм и его неразгаданные тайны» / статья
3. https: //marakandatravel .asia/ru/city/hiva/
