CC BY
34
УДК 314.01.10.64
Xolmirzayev N.N.
teacher
department of history of uzbekistan and social sciences
Fergana Polytechnic Institute
KEY FEATURES AND FACTORS OF MODERN URBANIZATION
Annotation: The article examines the concepts of urbanization, town planning, construction of modern cities, its factors and social development..
Key words: Urbanization, agglomeration, modern city, smart city, suburbanization, urbanization factors, urban planning, social development.
Urbanization (Latin urbanus - town, urbs - city) is a historical process of increasing the role of the city in the development of society, which includes changes in the location of production and, above all, the location of the population. There are several definitions of the concept of urbanization. For example, urbanization is a multifaceted socio-economic, demographic and geographical process based on historically formed forms of social and territorial division of labor. The development of urbanization has a profound effect of modern urbanization on many aspects of social life, leading to the emergence of new theories that attempt to explain the role of urbanization in the development of society.
Urban scientists have been arguing that urbanization has been a universal development strategy for countries with different social systems and levels of development for thousands of years. There have been different groups of factors in different historical periods and in different regions of urbanization that have supported the evolutionary direction of the urbanization process to one degree or another. As a result, the following features of modern urbanization were formed: 1) diversity of urban activities in cities and agglomerations 2) development, primarily large urban agglomerations 3) complexity of urbanized forms of settlement: transition from point agglomerations to linear, node, line. 4) Increase in location radii within agglomerations and expansion of urban areas. 5) urban-rural distribution (urbanization) and urban suburbanization (suburbanization).
However, there are a number of factors that contribute to urbanization. One of the important approaches to the study of the spatial evolution of urbanization has become the anthropocultural paradigm, according to which man has emerged as a driving force that brings about changes in needs, lifestyles, behavioral stereotypes, life characteristics in space. In many sources, urbanization is described as a process; accordingly, it is necessary to show the driving forces that determine its nature and individual characteristics. There are the following main groups of factors of urbanization:
1.) Demographic - population growth, migration, population composition determine the qualitative characteristics of urbanization.
2.) Economic factors of urbanization - changes in the structure of employment, sectoral and regional proportions of economic development, the concentration of production, increasing agricultural productivity, real per capita income.
3.) In the context of modern urbanization, the role of environmental factors affecting the concentration of population and production, spatial characteristics of housing, the state of the urban environment in urban and suburban areas is growing.
4.) Urban planning and planning factors - characterized by rational use of urban areas, constant expansion, sustainable development.
5.) Social factors are reflected in the formation of urban lifestyle, as well as the mobility of the population (social, labor, territorial), changes in the position of individuals and groups in geographical space and social structures. The movement is the most important factor in strengthening the links between the urban and rural population, spreading the lifestyle of large cities to the countryside, thereby expanding the scope of urbanization.
The conclusion is that all this has a direct impact on the spatial forms of urban development and plays an important role in shaping the image of modern cities.
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