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3№ 4 / 2022 PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICS IN OFFICIAL ACTIVITY
Научная статья УДК 378; ББК 6/8
https://doi.org/10.24412/2658-638X-2022-4-168-169 NIION: 2018-0077-4/22-244 MOSURED: 77/27-024-2022-04-443
Область науки: 5. Социальные и гуманитарные науки Группа научных специальностей: 5.8. Педагогика
Шифр научной специальности: 5.8.1. Общая педагогика, история педагогики и образования
К вопросу о праве на получение образования осужденных лиц
в России и за рубежом
Наталья Алексеевна Лебедева
Пермский институт Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний, Пермь, Россия, tereh1986@inbox.ru
Аннотация. Рассмотрен вопрос о праве на получение высшего и общего образования лиц, находящихся под стражей, а также отбывающих уголовные наказания в России. Был проведен анализ аналогичных задач и в зарубежных странах, таких как Дания, Норвегия, США, Великобритания и других. Сформулирована необходимость и актуальность получения образования соответствующих категорий граждан разных стран.
Ключевые слова: образование, ресоциализация, осужденные, ценности, культура
Для цитирования: Лебедева Н. А. К вопросу о праве на получение образования осужденных лиц в России и за рубежом // Психология и педагогика служебной деятельности. 2022. № 4. С. 168-169. https://doi.org/10.24412/2658-638Х-2022-4-168-169.
Original article
On the issue of the right to education of convicted persons
in Russia and abroad
Natalya A. Lebedeva
Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service, Perm, Russia, tereh1986@inbox.ru
Abstract. The article considers the issue of the right to higher and general education of persons in custody, as well as serving criminal sentences in Russia. The analysis of similar tasks was carried out in foreign countries, such as Denmark, Norway, the USA, the UK and others. The necessity and relevance of obtaining education for the relevant categories of citizens of different countries is formulated.
Keywords: education, re-socialization, convicts, values, culture
For citation: Lebedeva N. A. On the issue of the right to education of convicted persons in Russia and abroad // Psychology and pedagogy of official activity. 2022;(4):168-169. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/2658-638Х-2022-4-168-169.
The process of correction and re-socialization of a convict is conditioned by many factors, and education occupies one of the dominant positions among them, determining the formation of the convict's personality. General education develops the convict as a whole, increases the level of intelligence and education, contributes to the formation of a prosocial orientation of the individual, preventing relapse. The right of convicts to be provided with education proceeds from the basic constitutional rights of citizens of the Russian Federation.
One of the important regulatory legal acts that focus attention on the need to educate persons deprived of liberty is the Federal Law «On Institutions and Bodies Executing Criminal Penalties in the form of Deprivation of liberty».
A significant part of the convicts have a low educational and cultural level and this, of course, contributes to antiso-
cial behavior and the commission of crimes. The statements of some convicts testify to the importance of education in human life. According to the convicts, most people end up in prison only because they do not have enough patience and have not developed the ability to focus on some goal. These abilities, in addition to intellectual development, are also formed in the learning process. Education is necessary to increase the level of general culture among convicts, which contributes to self-awareness, self-determination, self-realization, as well as correction.
Similar tasks are faced by penitentiary institutions in other countries, but the ways to implement them are sometimes more perfect. The legal and organizational foundations of education for convicts in foreign countries have positive features that can be adapted to our reality, to Russian legislation.
© Лебедева Н. А., 2022
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PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
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In Norway, for example, the education of a person without education who is in prison is mandatory. Strictly this aspect is also approached in the United States - there it is impossible for a convict to get parole without a completed basic education. In Denmark, the educational level and the ability of the convicted person to master new academic disciplines are taken into account when distributing according to the conditions of detention (departments and blocks). In Finland, educational programs are planned and divided into modules, and training continues after release. In Sweden, there are individual training programs that also take into account certain needs, the length of the sentence and continue after the prisoner is released.
In France, a convict is granted special leave to take exams, which is not practiced in Russia - prisoners take exams without leaving the regime territory. In the UK, studying convicts have the right to apply for facilitated conditions of detention. In addition, the convict has the opportunity to transfer from one institution to another in order to obtain a certain profession. In Germany, convicts have the opportunity to study outside the institution. In addition, they can receive higher education in absentia at the university, in connection with which such students have permission for Internet access - convicts can use materials for training, however, free Internet access is still closed for them. All classes are held in small classrooms equipped with a «panic button», and teachers are equipped with a transmitters.
So, as we can see, correctional institutions in many countries face the task of providing convicts with education, improving their intellectual and cultural level. In all countries, a stable opinion has been formed that education is the most important means of moral formation and renewal of convicts, an incentive for their further development. Let's not dispute the fact that it is education that
contributes to the formation of a prosocile system of values and the development of moral consciousness, which determines the orientation of the individual and his further behavior.
Библиографический список
1. Закон Российской Федерации от 21 июля 1993 г. № 5473-I «Об учреждениях и органах, исполняющих уголовные наказания в виде лишения свободы» (с изм. и доп.) // СПС «КонсультантПлюс».
2. Уголовно-исполнительный кодекс Российской Федерации от 8 января 1997 г. № 1-ФЗ (ред. от 27.12.2018) (с изм. и доп., вступ. в силу с 08.01.2019).
3. Щербаков, А. В. Положительный опыт функционирования пенитенциарных учреждений Норвегии и возможности его использования в российских условиях / А. В. Щербаков, А. Б. Налдеев // Молодой ученый. 2015. № 2. С. 393-396. URL https://moluch.ru/ archive/82/15027/ (дата обращения: 25.07.2022).
Bibliographic list
1. The Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 No. 5473-I «On institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment» (with amendments and additions) // SPS «ConsultantPlus».
2. The Penal Enforcement Code of the Russian Federation of 08.01.1997 No. 1-FZ (ed. of 27.12.2018) (with amendments and additions, intro. in force since 08.01.2019).
3. Shcherbakov A.V., Naldeev A. B. Positive experience of functioning of penitentiary institutions in Norway and the possibility of its use in Russian conditions / A. V. Shcherbakov, A. B. Naldeev // Young Scientist. 2015. No. 2. PP. 393396. URL https://moluch.ru/archive/82/15027 / (accessed 25.07.2022).
Статья поступила в редакцию 29.09.2022; одобрена после рецензирования 22.11.2022; принята к публикации 12.12.2022.
The article was submitted 29.09.2022; approved after reviewing 22.11.2022; accepted for publication 12.12.2022.
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