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212. СТАТЬИ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ
УДК: 004
РАЗВИТИЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИТ-СФЕРЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ
Боровова А. В., студент
Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации, Москва
Аннотация. Россия всегда была страной с большими возможностями, однако, не всегда могла их использовать. В условиях санкций отечественные бренды являются ключом к развитию сферы технологий в условиях санкций. Однако, даже здесь есть свои подводные камни.
Ключевые слова: Россия, ИТ-сфера, информационные технологии, санкции, перспективы развития
IT-DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA IN TERMS OF SANCTIONS
Borovova A.V., student
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Abstract. Russia is the great country, which could always recover from all of its problems and continue to develop. However, sanctions from the row of foreign countries have left their impact on the Russian economy. High-level presences of home IT-funds became the most crucial factors to sustainable IT-development of Russia. What is the reason for the slow pace of IT development in Russia? Also, there are some problems of the IT-development and prospects of sanctions.
Key words: Russia, IT, sanctions, development, prospects
Nowadays most business processes are supported by automated information systems. In other words, the success of companies directly depends on various technologies that simplify their activities in all ways.
In 2014 the part of the Russian IT market, connected with the supply and implementation of foreign IT solutions, froze in anticipation - some of IT projects were even suspended.
Immediately after the US adopted the "first wave" of sanctions against Russia in March 2014, RedHat - the world's leading provider of open source solutions, - demanded from its Russian partners to suspend projects in the companies under sanctions. On April 30, American IT companies such as Microsoft, Oracle, Symantec and Hewlett-Packard stopped cooperating with banks and companies of Russia that were under US sanctions
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Volume of Russian IT-market
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[1].
The imposition of sanctions can influence not only companies using industrial IT solutions of Microsoft or Oracle, but also strategic enterprises using software in the management of key business processes. In this situation, an obvious solution is the search and development of domestic IT-products, as well as the development of import substitution policies. That is why in June 2015, the State Duma approved the tightening of state purchases of foreign software. Now foreign products are not allowed to public procurement, if they have two or more Russian analogues. The project also involves the creation of a register of domestic software, which includes all software products of companies wishing to participate in state publishers.
The figure 1 showed us the analytic agency's survey [8]: during last years the amount of new technologies is reduced, so Russia has some problems with IT-sphere in comparison with foreign markets. There are only 80 Russian companies that are capable of creating a high-quality domestic
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2014
2015
2016
2017
Figure 1 - IT-market trends
analogue in a short time, which is undoubtedly small for the scale of our country. What is the reason for the slow pace of IT development in Russia?
There are a number of problems that contribute to a slowdown in the pace of technological development in Russia:
The first is a "brain drain": all workers are interested in the best working conditions, which are better abroad. Our employers rarely give some benefits for every worker, usually they are only insiders. So Russian staff prefer not working in home country and having benefits for his or her family instead of staying in Russia [2].
The next is a strange funding of startups. As for abroad, most startups are put into practice by using crowdfunding or government support (grants). Crowdfunding is a platform where people can share their ideas, also they ask for money to bring their projects into life. In this country people don't like give their savings to unknown people, since they think that it is only wasting money. In Russia it is
500 Russian Venture Market, $ million
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a phrase: «It's Russian production, stay away from it». It's true if we talk about hardware. Usually, it's more expensive then foreign one when the quality is equal or lower. So, it is unprofitable sphere on Russian market. But what do you say about 1C -one of the largest independent Russian software developers and publishers? It's also a Russian product, but the majority of Russian corporations use one component of this product. Russia has the greatest developers, therefore we can produce software for the foreign hardware. And 1C is a good example of applying this experience. So, our country can make IT-products which can compete with foreign ones. Not in all spheres, but it's better to concentrate on software. Of course, the fierce competition doesn't allow our manufacturer to be the first. So we need to be strong and to do innovative things.
Imposition of sanctions from a row of the states has not only negative effects but also opens many prospects: the most obvious is a self-produced development and increasing demand for domestic production. The transition to an import substitution policy which consists in lowering of a share purchased in the west of products and IT services in case of simultaneous increase in a share of house production is, really, a necessary response step of
Figure 2 - The funds of Russian venture companies
however possible to have governmental support, but it is too difficult: you need a bunch of documents and plenty of time. Abroad you should take part in a competition and have a grant after winning. The second variant is more attractive and valuable, because in case of failure you will know your mistakes, and if it's only red tape without any comparison with another results...it's only wasting time [3].
On the figure 2 we can see there isn't enough money for startups: the cost of investing in start-ups grew while the value of portfolio Russian venture fund companies fell by 30-100%. Therefore, our investors prefer to invest in foreign projects and not in Russian [4].
Also, people has established stereotypes about low quality of Russian-made goods. We usually hear «Хроноэкономика» № 5 (7). Октябрь 2017
Rank Country ScoroIndex 1 1 Rink Country Score Index
1 China 100.0 26 Netherlands 78.9
2 Russia 99.9 27 Chile 78.4
3 Poland 98.0 28 United States 78.0
4 SwiueHand 29 United Kingdom 77.7
5 Hungary 30 Turkey 77.5
6 Japan 31 India 76.0
7 Taiwan 32 Ireland 75.9
8 France 33 Mexico 75.7
9 Czech Republic 90.7 34 Denmark 75.6
10 Italy 90.2 35 Israel 74.8
Figure 3 - The best developers
Russia. Our country already has the necessary resources: Russian IT specialists show high competitiveness in the global labour market, being almost on the same level with China and the United States which we can see on figure 3. However, owing to unsatisfactory working conditions they leave borders of our state. Therefore, to avoid outflow of qualified personnel it is necessary to take
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measures for provision of decent operating conditions [5].
The state support and stimulation of innovative projects and development of the small and medium national enterprises will also allow to find recovery from the crisis. Undoubtedly, the development of major research centres has a greater priority in statefunding, however, projects of innovative technologies of other participants should also be taken into consideration. It is caused by the fact that the latter are more mobile, that is they are able to react flexibly to promptly changing market conditions. It is no coincidence that such companies mostly employ the young, with a fresh outlook on the world, personnel who, by their ambitiousness, tend to offer innovations and change the world for the better. Support for innovative start-ups from the state will increase the number of domestic developments.
Even though, now many domestic IT products respond not only to the Russian, but also to international quality standards, they are not in demand in the national market due to undeveloped marketing policy. Increasing the level of loyalty and trust to home development is a necessary condition for the development of Russian IT industry, because the software and, possibly, the hardware needs to be implemented [6].
Channels of software distribution can be not only domestic, but also external, for which it is necessary to continue to develop relations with the East, particularly with China, Taiwan, South Korea. A prospect of developing relations with not sanctioned countries can be justified in case to have access to knowledge bases in IT industry. As the powerful knowledge base on project management, methodologies of design and introduction of software products, IT solutions in general and so on is created in the West, mainly in the United States, a considerable part of this knowledge base can appear in very limited access because of imposed sanctions on Russia. Also, cooperation with the leading east developers will allow our country to adopt their experience and to introduce IT in domestic production, thereby carrying out the international
cooperation and to gradually overcome an economic crisis [7].
Crisis is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, companies include the economy mode, try to cope with the tasks themselves. On the other hand, the refusal of cooperation of Western companies, connected with the imposition of sanctions, became a push to the development of Russian soft- and hardware. Even in the face of economic sanctions and cheap oil the country has a real chance to reformat the economy.
Sources
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2. Проблемы и перспективы развития высокотехнологической отрасли в России// Молодой ученый - URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/116/31609/ (accessed date: 16.03.2017)
3. Crownfunding industry// Crowd expertURL: http://crowdexpert.com/crowdfunding-industry-statistics/ (accessed date: 6.04.2017)
4. РВК: выходы венчурных инвесторов в России упали за год в 13 раз// Газета РБК - URL: http ://rb.ru/news/che-tam-v-rossiyskom-venchure/ (accessed date: 29.03.2017)
5. Что принесет российское импортозамещение в IT? Digital report - URL: https://digital.report/importozameshhenie/ (accessed date: 8.04.2017)
6. О перспективах российского ИТ-рынка// PC Week - URL: https://www.pcweek.ru/business/article/detail.php7I D=162551 (accessed date: 9.04.2017)
7. Импотрозамещение ИТ в России// Tadviser - URL: http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php (accessed date: 9.04.2017)
8. IT-business// The cite of crn.ru - URL: https://www.crn.ru/news/detail.php?ID=119544
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«Хроноэкономика» № 5 (7). Октябрь 2017
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