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Karabayev A.A. intern-teacher Faculty of Systems, Economic and Social Department of Geography and Geoinformation National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Pardayev N.S. intern-teacher Faculty of Systems, Economic and Social Department of Geography and Geoinformation National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
ISSUES OF GEODEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF FERGANA
REGION
Abstract. This article describes the geodemographic situation and changes in Fergana region, one of the regions with the highest population in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Information about the factors and processes affecting the reestablishment of the population of Fergana region is provided.
Key words: global, demographic process, territorial location, age structure, population regeneration.
Sign in. Geodemographic development is the development of socioeconomic and geodemographic processes of regions, and the main emphasis is on demographic issues. Each region differs from each other due to its specific geographical location, specialization, and composition of regional production complexes. The Fergana Valley regions have been making a significant contribution to the demographic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. These valley regions are located in the eastern part of the country according to their geographical features and differ from other regions in terms of relief and natural conditions. Including Air currents coming from the west are of great importance in the formation of the climate of Fergana region. These currents blow frequently in spring, sometimes bringing wet air, sometimes dry air. There will be strong winds in its area. "Ko'kon" wind blows strongly in the territory of the country from October to March. Its speed reaches 25 meters per second. Winds are especially strong in winter as the air temperature cools. In addition, mountainvalley and fyon winds often blow in the region. As a result of these winds, in the sandy deserts of Yozyavon and Karakalpak, located in the territory of the region, special landforms, sand dunes, hills, and mounds have been created. It also has a special appearance and attracts attention at first glance. At the same time, there are also many areas that have been heavily modified and appropriated by humans. The northern part of Fergana region is surrounded by hills in the form of a ring. They formed the second upper layer of the earth's surface. Alluvial-prolluvial deposits, mainly laid down in the Quaternary period, are widespread in this step.
It is in this hilly region that the land is very fertile and fertile, and orchards occupy a very large area. This is one of the opportunities to open a wide path for the development of the population.
Methods. Cartographic, statistical analysis, extrapolation, comparison, mathematical and system composition methods were used in the scientific research of the geodemographic development of this Fergana region.
Results and discussion. Specific trends of development and reconstruction of the population of Fergana region are taking shape. Due to the large population, the location of the urban and rural population was formed in its own way. According to such indicators, Andijan and Namangan regions are similar to Fergana region. Population is the total number and amount of people living in a known area and is calculated from demographic classifications. Population figures fluctuate as a result of birth, death and migration rates. Also, nationality, customs, religion, economic and social factors influencing the population and the demographic processes observed in it are the most important. In addition, the level of education and employment among the population has a great impact. Currently, the repopulation of the Fergana region as a result of the relative decrease in the migration balance and the increase in natural growth is relatively problematic and unique.
Fergana region has been growing regularly in the last 10 years. In 2011, the total population of Fergana region was 3229.2 thousand people, and there were 1242 population centers, 15 of them districts, 9 cities, 197 towns and 1021 rural population centers were formed. The population of Fergana region will reach 3,820,000 people by 2021, an increase of 590,800 people compared to 2011. There are big cities in Altarik, Beshariq, Kuva, Rishton and Uzbek districts of Fergana region, and the population and their location are unique in these regions. The most districts in terms of the number of towns are 22 in Uzbekistan district, 21 in Koshtepa, Fergana and 15 in Kuva district. In terms of the number of rural population points, Uchkoprik district and Dangara district have the largest number of 120, Uzbekistan district has 97 and Beshariq district has 96, and Uchkoprik, Dangara and Beshariq districts were formed as satellite regions near Kokand city of Fergana region and are unique in terms of population, social and economic indicators [1].
As of 2022, the largest population in Fergana region is 299.2 thousand people in Fergana city (7.7 percent of the population of the region) and 266.0 thousand people (6.8 percent) in Kuva district, on the contrary the smallest population was 96.9 thousand people (2.5 percent) in the city of Kuvasoy and 80.6 thousand people (2.1 percent) in Sokh district.
In terms of regions, the highest population growth rate compared to the corresponding period of 2020 was 2.6% in Koshtepa district and 2.5% in Dangara district, 2.5% in Uchkoprik district, on the contrary, the most low growth rate was 1.2% in Ko'kan city and 1.7% in Beshariq district. It can be seen that the population of Fergana region is mainly located in the central parts of Fergana city,
Margulon city and neighboring districts of Kokan city. This means that the demographic indicators of the population in these areas belong to the main part of the region. The sharp increase in the population in these areas directly affects the growth of the region's population. We can see that Yozyovon and Sokh districts are separated from such areas. The proof of this can be seen from the demographic indicators of the population.
Fergana region is very comfortable for residents and has good conditions in one sense. The average population density of Fergana region is 413.9 people per 1 km2. According to the data of 2004, the population of the city was 800 thousand people, and the rural population was 2015 thousand people, and in 2021, this figure was 561.7 people. It can be seen that the population of Fergana region has been growing steadily over the years. Due to favorable natural conditions, the population in these regions is very comfortable and has been formed in a state of complex evolution since ancient times. These regions are one of the centers of slivization, where the population lived in a sedentary manner, and also had a great influence on its development due to the Great Silk Road [3].
The population of Fergana region varies from year to year in different regions, and this is clearly visible in the regions. In repopulation, this process is considered the main one and has a great impact on the indicators. Born in Fergana region The total population is not homogeneous in the structure of the nation due to the large proportion of other nationalities in Fagana Valley but it is possible to observe that the lowest indicators were returned in the republic as well. It is possible to come to such a conclusion when the highest indicators are observed in the most densely populated areas. Fergana region is characterized by the importance of natural and social factors in population regeneration. According to urban structure in Fergana region and by age composition which has great differences has a great impact on the number and quality of the population. We can see such processes in urban and rural population.
At present, the dynamic indicators of the population of the region, as of April 1, 2020, the number of permanent residents is 3766.0 thousand people, compared to January-March 2019, it has increased by 70.4 thousand people or 1.9 percent. In particular, the number of urban residents was 2124.7 thousand people (56.4% of the total population), the number of rural residents was 1641.3 thousand people (43.6%). Please note: the data for January-March 2020 shows this. The population increased by 70,400 people. The number of live births was 18,700. 4,100 deaths were recorded. 4,900 marriages and 0,800 divorces were registered in the registry offices of city and district administrations. Today, the rate of repopulation is very high. Currently, illegal sharia marriages are also found in some sections of the population. This causes an increase in the number of divorces in the population and a sharp increase in problems that may arise in the family.
The birth rate of the population of Fergana region has decreased by 7.4 per million in 2020 compared to 2011. The highest indicators were Sokh district by 9.9 per million and Fergana city by 0.2 per million. We can observe that the lowest
indicators were 12.6 per million in Fergana district, 12.4 per million in Tashloq district and 11.5 per million in Dangara district.
Mortality rates are also one of the most important factors, and such a process has been taking shape in Fergana region in recent years. Factors affecting such indicators depend on the level of health of the population, sanitary conditions and the level of provision of medicine. In the last 2020, 18,500 deaths were recorded, correspondingly, the mortality rate was 4.9 per 1,000 inhabitants. Compared to the corresponding period of 2019, it was observed that it increased by 0.3 per thousand and was 4.6 per thousand in 2019 [5].
In recent years, the number of marriages and divorces has been increasing year by year. As a result of divorce, it causes a decrease in births in the population, a change in the age structure and other demographic problems. "Divorce is a complex socio-demographic process, which occurs under the influence of a number of factors." In recent years, there has been a slight increase in cases of divorce in the regions of Uzbekistan. According to statistical data, 39,200 divorces were registered in the republic in 2021, and the divorce rate per 1,000 population was 1.1 per thousand, and it was observed that it increased by 0.3 per thousand compared to 2020. the indicator was 0.8 per thousand in 2020. In 2021, 50.5% of divorcees in the republic were childless, 28.4% with one child, and 21.1% with two or more children. In 2021, according to the education of divorced men, 17.2% of those with higher education, 52.9% of those with secondary specialized, professional education, general secondary education 29.9 percent of those who have According to the education of divorced women in 2021, 13.3 percent of those with higher education, 62.4 percent of those with secondary specialized, professional education, general secondary education it is possible to observe that 24.3 percent of those who have The most surprising thing is that it is sad that divorce is increasing more and more among those with higher education and those with secondary specialized, professional education.
In 2020, there were 2.8 thousand divorces, corresponding to the divorce rate of 0.8 per 1000 inhabitants will consist of In 2021, 3.2 thousand divorces were recorded, corresponding to every 1000 The divorce rate is 1.1 per thousand being is its level that it is increasing one more time confirms.
In 2020, Fergana city had 1.3 per thousand, Kokan city had 1.3 per thousand and Uzbekistan district had 1.0 per thousand. The lowest indicators were 0.4 per thousand in Yozyavon and Kuva districts, 0.5 per thousand in Sokh, Tashloq and Buvayda districts, and 0.6 per thousand in Dangara, Uchkoprik and Rishton districts. in 2021, the highest indicators are Fergana city 2.1 per thousand, Kokan city 1.8 per thousand and Sokh district 1.4 per thousand, the lowest The indicators were 0.7 per thousand in Kuva district, 0.8 per thousand in Yozyovon district and 0.9 per thousand in Furqat district, Tashloq district, Rishton district, Buvayda district, Dang'ara district, Beshariq district.
Such territorial development features of demographic processes are especially evident in urban-scale studies. In addition, Fergana region is rapidly
developing. In particular, these indicators are characterized by large regional differences.
As we know, the demographic structure of the population means its age and gender. The age and gender of the population of Fergana region is unique and complexly developed by region. In terms of population structure, it is important to take into account the number of children, people of working age and pensioners in the indicators of population renewal. We know that many factors develop among the population depending on age and gender. Keying is the most important factor in predicting and predicting next generation change. If there is a high proportion of young people in the population, then the rates of repopulation will be high. On the contrary, if the weight of the elderly population is high compared to the weight of the young population, a decrease in population regeneration is observed, which leads to demographic aging [7].
Currently, the age and gender composition of the population of Fergana region is complex, and its unique aspects are noticeable. We can see these indicators in the cross-section of regions. According to the data of 2020, the proportion of children under 0-14 years of age in the population of Fergana region is 27% of the total population. This indicator is higher than other regions of our republic. In turn, the weight of the population aged 16-60 is 62%, which is the average indicator for the republic. The weight of the population aged 60 and over is 11%, and this indicator is high compared to other regions of our republic. As can be seen from this, the age structure and demographic situation of the population of Fergana region is characterized by its uniqueness. This is a rather complicated process [4].
Nowadays, the increase in the proportion of young people and the increase in the share of able-bodied people will lead to an increase in the proportion of the elderly in the coming years. This causes the demographic breakdown in the society. We can see the negative consequences of such processes in countries like Eastern Europe and Russia. Therefore, it is appropriate to control the repopulation of the region. Economic, social and psychological methods are suitable for this purpose. Development of a specific program for each population point in the region and their control are also important aspects.
The distribution of the age structure of the population by regions is also of great importance. Especially if you look at the section of districts, you can see big differences. Among them, urban and rural areas develop differently.
Among the young population of Fergana region, the share of able-bodied people is the highest at 59.9 percent. This means a high birth rate among the population and an increase in reproductive processes. In such processes, it also has a great impact on the migration process. Because the main part of migration is the working age population. A high share of the young population leads to an increase in the working population. On the contrary, the increase in the weight of the elderly slows down the repopulation.
In terms of population age groups, the regions with the highest percentage of 0-15 year olds are Rishton district with 31 percent, Buvayda district with 30 percent, Furqat district with 29 percent, Fergana city and Kuvasoy city with 28 percent. This means that these areas are characterized by a high proportion of young people among the population and show good indicators of population regeneration. The areas with the highest percentage of the population aged 16-60 are 64% in Margilon city, 63% in Ko'kan city and Beshariq districts, and it is easy to improve the economic and social condition of the population in these areas. Because the population of this age group is employed and has high reproductive health. Fergana district 14 percent, Dangara district 13 percent, Fergana city, Ko'kan city, Koshtepa district, Kuva district, Uchkoprik district, So X district, Tashloq district, and Uzbekistan districts make up 12 percent. In such regions, the weight of aging of the population is higher than in other regions, and it has an effect on showing a somewhat poor indicator of population regeneration. Regions with a low share of the population under the age of 0-15 in the total population include Kokan city 25 percent, Margulon city, Uchkoprik district, Sokh district, Uzbekistan district, Fergana district., and Dangara districts make up 26 percent. If we pay attention, these areas are densely populated and have a high level of employment. Fergana city, Bagdad district, Buvaida district, Kuva district, Rishton district and Fergana district made up 60 percent of the regions with the lowest population age groups of 16-60. As a result of some observations, the strata of the population in such areas are not significantly different from those in the rest of the regions. In the regions with 60 and above, the lowest rate was Rishton district 9 percent, Margilan city, Buvaida district, Beshariq district and Furqat district 10 percent. This is characterized by a somewhat low proportion of the elderly among the population.
conclusion, it is worth noting that my careful study of the specific aspects of each region of the province shows that the importance of the living conditions of the population and the factors affecting it has been proven once again. For example, the demographic situation in remote areas of the region and large cities has sharp differences.
Among the big cities, the demographic indicators of Fergana and Kokand differ from those of other regions with low natural increase and high mechanical balance. Sokh and Yozyovon districts are also characterized by some differences in demographic indicators compared to other regions. Buvayda, Uchkoprik, Dangara and Uzbek districts are characterized by high natural reproduction. In addition, migration also has its own sphere of influence, which shows that the greater the migration, the greater the impact on population regeneration. If the number of emigrants is large or if there is a greater share of men or women, the gender equality of the population will be violated and it will have a negative impact on the demographic process.
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