CC BY
32
UDC 658:005.922
T. O. Pozhyeva,
PhD (Economics),
“Ukrainian State Chemical & Technical University”, Dnipropetrovsk ECONOMICAL SAFETY ISSUE RESEARCH
Introduction: Economical safety of a legal entity is to be studied as a harmonization tool included State’s, Market’s & Enterprise’s interests; as a way of growth trend provision both of manufacturing processes & economic activity results; as achievement of goals responding to the interest of the Enterprise’s owners and Society members. It cannot come corner cutting with design and implementation of the unique strategic plant of legal entity and with effective safety system provision.
Today academic people and those of business are cavalier to the units of legal entity’s safety. This situation threats the one’s economic stability. If one meets extreme profitability, it can serve as an object to unfriendly merge. Fast one’s growth calls the legal entity’s dependence on outer financial sources. Due to all these facts you can lose free choice of taking your own business decisions and we must admit that economic safety of all market participants is vital matter to survive in fairy marketing environment. The world finance crisis inflected the range of our domestic industries and the majority of the domestic legal entities. They met the lack of credits, investment backflow and as a result they came to the manufacture volume reduction and demand/commodity offer coming down. Therefore legal entity is challenging the current situating simultaneously are looking forward to creating effective safety system able to build a barrier to threatens they face.
Review of the latest researches and publicity: Such people as L. Abalkin, O. Alimov, K. Ivanilov, V. Gaets’, B. Gunsky, N. Reverchuk, S. Reverchuk, I. Kultchitsky, Iu. Lysenko, A. Lukas, O. Lyashenko, A. Rudens’ky, T. Kuzenko, G. Kozatchenko, M. Ponomarev, E. Mnykh,
S. Mitschenko, O. Novikova, R. Pokotylenko, T. Sokolenko, etc are involved in the theme of the economic safety.
The mentioned above review shows the shortage of academic people's attention to the economic safety identification both in general and of its particular issues.
Thesis idea: study of economic safety issues of legal entity.
Thesis core: Today we can find the economic safety plays the important role of the enterprise’s management. Economic safety stands for steady economic growth of society in order to produce necessary assets to satisfy individual and commune demands.
The Constitution of Ukraine stipulates the term as a basic feature of the State. The same time microenvironments admits that the core benefits of the economic safety comes
in possibilities to work in universally accepted business environment, to gain a stable growing trends and to prevent the leakage of information [1, p. 655].
You can achieve the goals due to coming over the range of acts. Look through the most important ones:
• Revealing of real and prospective threatens and dangers.
• Finding the solution how to prevent them, to loosen or eliminate their consequences.
• Finding the ways which are necessary to provide economic safety of the enterprise.
• Cooperation arrangement with authorities in order to discourage delinquencies leading to legal entity’s interest infringement.
• Arrangement of the own finance service meeting the safety issues.
The last one intends to carry out the following features:
• Predicting, localizing, preventing, loosening of threatens and dangers.
• Securing enterprise's activities, staff and property.
• Creating of competitive environment.
• Elimination of inflicted by damage consequences [2, p. 20 - 21].
In order to achieve a higher level of economic safety enterprise has to implement safe operational environment for its vital issues.
Every of the operating economic safety issues obtains its own sense, criteria and ways of implementation.
The core reason proves that economical safety implementation is necessary. It says that the main goal is to achieve stabile enterprise’s surviving in current business environment, to find prospect of growing and developing in accordance with enterprise’s business philosophy.
They consider a finance issue of economic safety as a core compound element and name it as enterprise-in’s functional issue of the economic safety. They came to the above conclusion due to the accepted opinion that finance is an engine of current marketing environment [3, p. 22].
Mrs. N. Reverchuk admits, that the financial safety of enterprise pretends to be a protection one against possible financial loses and a bankruptcy prevention one, a way to achieve the most effective solution of available resources using. She confirms it is a ground basis of any economic system development and evolution [4].
Finance-economic enterprise's state is characterized
with its indexes (of profitability/revenue), its sources (of financial stability, structure, dynamics), its capability to meet its obligations.
Management board, owners, the enterprise’s investors, partners, creditors and state bodies are of high interest of the right estimate of business activity’ financial results under current economic surroundings. The finance- economic enterprise’s state is the matter of interest of its competitors as well. But they come from the other party - to know the weak points or the appropriate solutions how to make the weak/weaker [3, p. 22].
Such issues of economic safety as HR and intellectual propriety needs defense:
- HR defense is in charge of staff operating, the first thing to increase the workability and work efficiency
- Intellectual propriety is in charge of its saving, developing, evolution and storing. Staff experience and increasing of knowledge base are the matters of the issue.
Developing the process of intellectual propriety safety you have to estimate the possible threatens to the issue. The worth ones are not sufficient level of department competencies, staff's unfriendly attitude to the Enterprise’s policy, incapability in producing maximum benefits for the Enterprise.
HR management if it's aiming the economic safety has to cover such issues as hiring and training systems, labour motivation of important employees with its financial and nonfinancial incentives (as well it should consider if the current occupation is prestigious, the employees are satisfied with their feedback etc.) [5, p. 280 - 281].
Technical and technological issues of economical safety are in charge of the worldwide monitoring of corresponding tech-analogues which are cost effective the same time. Arranging the process be aware with:
• Actions leading to the tech-strength disruption.
• Disruption of maintenance procedures.
• Obsolescence of obtained technologies.
The procedure of technical and technological issue of economic safety includes executing of one-be-one steps:
1. Analyses of technology market place concern the ways of manufacturing in the cut of the Enterprise’s sphere of business.
2. Analyses of technology procedures and the simultaneous monitoring of inner resource how to improve implemented technologies.
3. Analyses of specialized commodity markets (including its substitutes) perspective analyses (including its trends and competitive ability).
4. Development of technological strategy of Enterprise’s development.
5. Implementation of Enterprise’s developing
projects during their carrying out of their economic activities.
6. Efficient analyses of final indicators of technical and technological issue of economic safety policy implementation.
Another economic safety issue is political and legal one. We can determine this issue as protection against extreme tax pressure, the Regulations instability, ineffective performance of legal department of the Enterprise. This issue studies the Enterprise’s surroundings and set the ‘game rules’ how to act and behave in the surroundings.
Acting under this issue you have to estimate economic safety threatens at first. These threaten are usually of political and legal spheres and are very close to:
• Internal acts (ineffective financial planning and management of assets, ineffective marketing strategy, erroneous price-building and HR-building policies).
• External acts (speculative trading on the security market, lobbying governmental decisions by the rivals).
• Force-major circumstances (natural disasters, strikes, military conflicts) and circumstances close to force-major ones (unacceptable Regulations’ one, embargoes, blockages, changes in currency rates etc.) [3, p. 24 - 25].
Legal issue is responsible for the total legal accompanying of the Enterprise’s activities, making all the Enterprise’ actions under the current Regulations.
The general process of political and legal issue provision for the purpose of economic safety occurs under the typical scheme:
1. Threaten analyses of the negative effects.
2. Estimate of the current level of resources availability.
3. The planning how to increase the efficiency of the issue operating.
4. The resource planning execution.
5. The suitable department operational planning.
6. In-time arranging of the approved set of actions providing the optimal safety level [3, p. 54 - 55].
Enterprise’s departments execute the set of functions leading to the information safety issue of the economical safety. The list of such activities includes:
- Collecting of all kind of the information, referring to the sphere of Enterprise's activities.
- Analyses of the received information.
- Trend prospects of the process development (scientific, technological, economic, political ones).
- Other kinds of activities devoted to informational issue development.
Enterprise’s sources of informational flows have the common trends of their creation:
- Formal information from public sources.
- Possible information (not classified), received from the informal contactor - bearer of the above information, employees of the other Enterprise [5, p. 282 - 283].
Today’s the extreme importance is in ecological issue of economic safety of industrial Enterprise.
Enterprise’s ecological safety means protection against disruptive influence of natural, anthropogenic disasters; evidence of the economic activities of industrial Enterprise. Floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, snow/mud avalanches can inflict severe damage to Enterprise’s property, employees’ health and safety. It is almost impossible to predict weather disasters, but what is possible; it's to execute all possible preventive measure arrangement to decrease the volume of all possible loses of the Enterprise. On the other hand anthropogenic catastrophes are caused by the application of worn fixed assets, unscheduled switching of the power or by the under qualified and/or irresponsible employees.
Therefore it is vital not only to protect own activities against nature factors but to perform arrangements to protect surrounding environment. We would like to admit that the ecological loses can inflict finance state of Enterprise. For instance: such types of events as court claims due to the violation of the Ecological Regulations, accident/catastrophe with ecological inflicts can cause monetary costs (finance-ecological type of costs). The eco-loses of employees ’ health damage inflict not extremely and precisely visible damage but they can be a reason for extra productive volume/sales reductions. Such loses (persons’ suffering) have no monetary form. The compensation is determined only in a subjunctive way. Ecological damage could be either not refunded or just refunded partially. So this is a essential source of prospective danger.
As a result of its economic activity, the Enterprise itself can serve as a source of danger for the environmental surrounding. We can define internal factors causing ecoworsening such as mistakes at design/implementation stages of a new object (fixed assets, new technologies), which could possibly be harmful to people; fines for the environment pollution, illegal dumps etc.
Ecological issue performs basically in meeting the current Eco-Regulation; reduction the environmental pollution, reduction for loses caused by pollution [3, p. 67 - 68].
The scheme of the power issue of economic safety is to come the next order:
- Threaten analyses of negative impacts concerning power issue and the reason they have been caused
- Analyses of the power issue level concerning kind of activities, resources, executives, cooperation and cost effectiveness.
- Budget planning in order to carry out the range of advised set of acts and calculation its expected effect.
- Planning of respond staff hiring and training.
- Tactic planning how to implement the set of facts.
- Routine work how to arrange the effective operation of power issue.
Enterprise’s Power Safe is to protect the individual from threats to life, health and financial well-being and protection of the Enterprise from criminal attacks. The power issue is to ensure the physical safety of the employees (especially managers) and maintaining its property. The main negative impacts on this issue include physical and mental effects on specific individuals (especially on management and leading specialists) in order to cause harm to their health and reputation, threatening the normal activities of the company.
Negative effects causing damage to Enterprise’s property threaten to reduce its assets costs and losses of economic independence (misinformation, destruction of information).
The reasons for these negative effects are:
• Rival-Enterprise’s inability to achieve the benefits of market-correct methods, i.e. by improving the quality of their products, reducing the current costs of production (activities), improving market research, etc.;
• criminal motives obtaining criminal law (natural) persons income through blackmail, fraud or theft;
• non- for profit motives of attacks for life and health of Enterprise’s managers and workers and property
How to reflect these negative impacts is the task for the security service. Its duties are to ensure the physical protection of the Enterprise’s management, arranging admission procedure to make health facilities, communication lines and equipment.
In practice, security service is responsible for Enterprise’s safety, which provides physical security of enterprise management, arrangess admission procedure protects buildings, premises, communication lines and equipment, protects information from unauthorized access, ensure secrecy of documents and materials [3, p. 71 - 72].
Thus, the main objective of economic safety of business entities is to ensure their sustainable functioning currently and high development potential in the future.
Actions to strengthen the economic security businesses should be:
- Increase their financial stability and independence;
- Strengthening the competitiveness of technological capabilities;
- Rationalization of financial management;
- Improving the skills of staff and full use of his intellectual capacity;
- High level of environmental performance, minimizing the damaging effects of performance on the environment;
- Improve the legal protection of all aspects of the business;
- Protection for the information environment of the subject, its trade secrets and achieve a high level of information support of all its services;
- Ensuring the safety of personnel, capital, property and commercial interests [4].
Conclusions. To achieve an appropriate level of economic safety Enterprise has to work to ensure maximum safety of major functional issues of the work, the most important of which is the financial issue . Stability and Invincibility information, financial , technological and other subsystems of the Enterprise is the key to secure its protection. Most threats to economic security can be prevented or eliminated if a sufficient number of existing corporate resources will be aimed at ensuring the protection of business.
References
1. Ivanilov K. Economika pidpriemstva: Tsentr uchbovoj literaturj, 2009. - 728 p. 2. tvaniuta T. M., Zayichkovskyy A. O. Economichna bezpeka pidpriemstva, 2009. - 256 p. 3. Ortynsky V. L. Economichna bezpeka pidpriemstva: navchalnij posibnik. - Kyiv : “Аlerta”, 2011. - 704 p. 4. Khudoliy L. M. Skladovi economichnojj bezpeky subectiv gospodarskojj dijalnosti. [Electronic resource]. http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua
5. Gorlachuk V. V. Yanenkova I. G. Economica pidpriemstva: navchalnij posibnik. - Nikolaev : Vid-vo CHDU im. Petra Mogili, 2010. - 344 p.
Пожуєва Т. О. Дослідження складових економічної безпеки
У статті акцентовано увагу не тільки на ролі еко-
номічної безпеки суб'єкта господарювання, яка посідає вагоме місце у системі управління, але й розглянуто її складові. Також визначено основні чинники негативних впливів на економічну безпеку та можливі шляхи їх подолання.
Ключові слова: економічна безпека, загрози безпеці, безпека підприємства, служба безпеки, система безпеки підприємства, захищеність.
Пожуева Т. А. Исследование составляющих экономической безопасности
В статье акцентировано внимание не только на роли экономической безопасности субъекта хозяйствования, которая занимает существенное место в системе управления, но и рассмотрены ее составляющие. Также определены основные составляющие негативного влияния на экономическую безопасность и возможные пути их преодоления.
Ключевые слова: экономическая безопасность, угрозы безопасности, безопасность предприятия, служба безопасности, система безопасности предприятия, защищенность.
Pozhuieva Т. О. Economical Safety Issue Research
The article pays your attention not only to the economical safety role of legal entity but to its compounds. The author admits the vital importance of this role in the management system and determines the reasons causing negative feedback of the economical safety and shows the way to come them over.
Key words: economical safety, safety threatens, enterprise’ safety, finance service, enterprise's finance service, ability to be protected.
Received by the editors: 13.09.2013
and final form 04.12.2013
