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SCREENING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR THEIR ANTILEPTOSPIRAL ACTIVITY AND SYNERGISTIC RESPONSE WITH AMPICILLIN
© Chantana Mekseepralard1, Weeranuch Seesom2, Sudarat Sondonprai1,
Nirawan Kitprapiumpon3, Faongchat Jarintanan4, Wanlaya Tanechpongtamb2
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,Thailand;
2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand;
3 College of Oriental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand;
4 Facuty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global distribution, which is caused by spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The disease in humans has been usually treated with a full course of antibiotics. Crude plant extracts have been traditionally used as herbal medicine which is an alternative way for the treatment of human infectious diseases for long time. This study investigated crude plant extracts for antileptospiral potential and examined the synergistic effect with ampicillin against both nonpathogenic and pathogenic leptospires. The crude extracts of Curcuma zedoaria (rhizomes), Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (fruits), Terminalia chebula (galls), Piper sarmentosum (leaves), and Tinospora crispa (stems) were tested for their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against a nonpathogenic Leptospira biflexa serovar Patoc and five pathogenic L. interrogans serovars Autumnalis, Hebdomadis, Pyrogenes, Ranarum, and Sejroe by using broth
microdilution assay. The synergistic effect of ampicillin and the crude extract was also evaluated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Among five medicinal plants, the extract of Terminalia chebula showed the highest antileptospiral property with the MIC varying from 0.0098-0.625 mg/ml whereas the rest of the extracts gave the MIC at 0.078 to > 2.5 mg/ml. Interestingly, synergism and partial synergistic response at FIC index of 0.318 and 0.57 were observed when the extract of T. chebula was added to ampicillin against L. interrogans serovar Hebdomadis and Sejroe, respectively. However, antagonistic effect against L. interrogans serovar Autumnalis was also generated. This study revealed that all the medicinal plants tested were able to inhibit the growth of leptospires with various MIC values. Synergy between the potent crude extract and ampicillin may enhance the drug efficacy for the treatment of leptospirosis.
ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES OF ANTHOCYANIN FROM ROSA CANINA FRUITS
© Mahmoodreza Moein12, Zahra Sabahi1, Fatemeh Farmani1
1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Anthocyanins, particular group of flavonoid, are one of the known pigment in plants and their product [1]. The literature has been determined several potential health benefits of these natural compounds such as anticarcinogenic activities, protective effect against cardiovascular disease and anti-inflammatory effect [2]. Several phytochemichal compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, fatty acids, phospholipids, minerals, vitamins were determined in fruits of Rosa canina [3].
In this study, ethanol extract of freeze dried fruit of Rosa canina was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 0.3% TFA. The aquatic fraction was loaded on column containing amberlite XAD-7 as a stationary phase eluted
with 0.3% TFA in water and 0.3% TFA in methanol, respectively. Fraction eluted with 0.3% TFA in methanol was collected as a rich source of anthocyanin and analyzed by HPLC-UV. The antioxidant activities of this fraction are showed in Table 1. Also, lipid peroxidation inhibition of that demonstrated in fig. 1.
The results demonstrated that the high level of antioxidant capacity of anthocyanin of Rosa canina fruits by different methods to scavenge free radicals such as DPPH, nitric oxide and ABTS. It seems that this anthocyanin is potent lipid peroxidative inhibitor. Further findings in this area may be provided the therapeutic strategies in radicals associated diseases and in vivo studies.
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy] vol. 15/2017/suppLement 1
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Table 1. Results of antioxidant activity of Rosa canina anthocyanin
Sample DPPH (IC50, ^g/ mL) Nitric oxide scavenging ability (%) (200 ^g/mL) FRAP (IC50, ^g/ mL) ABTS (IC50, ^g/ mL)
Rosa canina Separated by column 476 ± 0.50 53.22 ± 1.25 39 ± 0.03 720 ± 1.2
Rosa canina anthocyanin Separated by column 57 ± 0.57 91.16 ± 0.69 7 ± 0.01 58 ± 0.5
Quercetin 26.51 ± 0.06 - 8.59 ± 0.03 25.64 ± 0.02
5 10
Incubation time (day)
Rosa canina Vit C
Figure 1. Lipid peroxidation of Rosa canina anthocyanin in comparison of Vit C as antioxidant standards
References:
1. Diaconeasa Z, Leopold L, Ruginä D, Ayvaz H, So-caciu C. 2015. Int J Mol Sci. 16(2):2352-265.
2. Kong JM, Chia LS, Goh NK, Chia TF, Brouillard R. 2003. Phytochem. 64(5):923-933.
3. Sadeghi H, Hosseinzadeh S, Akbartabar Touri M, Ghavamzadeh M, Jafari Barmak M, Sayahi M, Sa-deghi H. 2016. AJP. 6(2):181-188.
ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF ZATARIA MULTIFLORA EXTRACT AND ITS FRACTIONS
© Moein M.1,2, Moein S34, Rouzbehan S34, Homaee A.5
1 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
3 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar abbas, Iran;
4 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar abbas, Iran;
5 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar abbas, Iran
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which leads to increase concentrations of glucose in the blood [1]. The WHO projects that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death globally in 2030 [2]. One of the therapeutic approaches for diabetes is inhibition of a-glucosidase [3]. Nowadays, some a-glucosidase inhibitors such as, acarbose and voglibose, are widely used but these compounds have side effects [4]. Based on this result, many efforts have been made to search for more effective and natural a-glucosidase inhibitors [5]. In this Study, we have evaluated the a-glucosidase inhibitory potential and inhibition mode of different fractions of Zataria multiflora
Ethanol extract of Zataria multiflora (ZME) was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction and four fractions
such as (petroleum ether fraction (ZMP), chloroform fraction (ZMC), ethyl acetate fraction (ZMA) and n-butanol fraction (ZMB)) were obtained. a-glucosidase inhibition was determined according to McCue et al method [6]. Acarbose, was used as a positive control. The enzyme kinetics studied by Line weaver burk plot method. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The results revealed that ZMA was the most inhibitor of a-glucosidase (IC50= 0.35 ± 0.003 mg/ml, Table 1). The curve of Line weaver-Burke plot revealed that all fractions of Zataria multiflora, exhibited noncompetitive-uncompetitive inhibition (Figure 1, Table 2).
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy]
vol. 15/2Q17/suppLeMEnt 1
