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13CHEMICAL SCIENCES
INVESTIGATION OF EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING COMPOSITION ON FIRE RESISTANCE OF NONWOVEN MATERIALS
Kanat E., Burkitbay A., Niyazbekov B., Tausarova B.
Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Abstract
The aim of the study is to obtain a nonwoven fabric with fire retardant properties.
The conditions of the fire-retardant finishing process were as follows: an aqueous solution of preparations of various concentrations was applied by spraying to the surface of the material, then drying was carried out at 120 0S for 5 minutes and heat treatment at 180 ° C on a thermal press .
A nonwoven material treated with a composition based on sodium phosphate (PKN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and copper sulfate acquires fire retardant properties.
By electron scanning microscopy, it was found that the treatment of the material with the developed composition leads to a change in the morphology of the fiber surface.
Keywords: textile, nonwoven, flame retardant, sodium phosphate (PKN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and copper sulfate.
Introduction
Textile auxiliaries play a huge role in all stages of processing fibrous materials in chemical textile production. They are used to accelerate technological processes and improve the quality of textile materials, in order to save large-capacity reagents, thermal and electrical energy, to give products new operational, hygienic and other consumer and special properties.
The problem of imparting fire-retardant properties to textile materials of various nature and purpose has become increasingly urgent in recent years. This is due to the fact that they are a serious source of danger during fires, are easily ignited, contribute to the spread of flames and emit a large amount of smoke and gases during combustion. Textile materials have a wide field of application: in everyday life, equipment, public buildings, in transport and as special protective equipment. They are used as curtains, drapes, curtains, materials in the manufacture of soft furniture, sleeping accessories, special protective clothing and products, decorative decoration of rooms of various functional purposes.
At present, some progress has been made in the field of textile materials with fire-retardant properties. Studies aimed at improving the fire-retardant properties of both natural and synthetic fibers are widely conducted in various countries [1-5].
In principle, it is possible to increase fire-retardant properties in two ways: to create materials from heat-resistant fibers or to use special fire-retardant compositions that reduce the fire hazard of TM. To reduce fire hazard of textile materials, flame retardants of various compositions are used: inorganic and organic substances, among them halogen and phosphorus-containing compounds, ammonium polyphosphates, guani-dine, chlorine-containing compounds [6] prevail.
The development of new flame retardants of various structures and compositions, with an increased degree of fixation of preparations with fiber, for the treatment of a wide range of fabrics from natural and synthetic fibers, with high resistance to washing, is an urgent task today to solve the problem of expanding the production of high-quality and relatively inexpensive fire retardant textile materials [7].
Objects and methods of research
Objects of research: nonwoven material from linseed fibers and chemical preparations (sodium phosphate (PKN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and copper sulfate).
A number of integrated research methods were used in the research work; resistance to combustion of materials was determined in accordance with the requirements of the following standards: GOST - 532262008, GOST-15898-70 [8].
To study surface morphology, an autoemission scanning raster electron microscope (SEM) JSM-6490LA (Japan) with a regtgenospectral microanalyst JED-2300 Analysis Station was used.
Results and discussion
The purpose of the present study is to provide a nonwoven fabric with fire retardant properties. Sodium phosphate, PVA and copper sulfate were used as components for preparing the fire retardant composition.
The dry nonwoven web was treated with an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate, PVA and copper sulfate by sputtering, then dried at 120 0S for 5 minutes and heat-fixed at 180 0S on a thermal press.
Tests for fire resistance of nonwoven material were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the standards: GOST - 53226-2008, GOST-15898-70 (Table 1, Figure 1).
Table 1
Nonwoven Fire Test Results
Duration of contact with
flame in seconds
10 s 10 s
№ Formulation g/l duration of residual combustion Note
combustion combustion
in s in s
1 2 3 4 5
When brought to the burner flame, the sample is instantly shrunk, when introduced into the burner
1 Original Sample 30 30 flame, it is instantly ignited, burns with the smell of "burning paper," with the release of gray smoke, residual combustion remains until the sample is completely combusted.
2 PVS-2,5 FKN - 5 Copper sulphate-2.5 12 15 When brought to the flame of the burner, the sample shrinks significantly, does not ignite, when added, does not light up, but continues to charcoal, with the release of gray smoke "burning paper." When removed, the charring stops.
3 PVS-2,5 FKN - 10 Copper sulphate-2.5 10 11 When brought to the burner flame, the sample shrinks slightly, but minor charring occurs with the release of gray smoke, when introduced into the flame, the sample does not burn, but shrinks, when removed, does not burn. Residual combustion is short-lived.
PVS-2,5 When brought to the burner flame, the sample shrinks slightly, when added to the flame, the sample
4 FKN - 15 Copper sulphate-2.5 5 7 does not ignite, is not charred. When removed from the flame, the appearance of the sample remains the original
Name of the resipe
Figure 1-Duration of residual combustion according to GOST15898-70
To study the surface morphology, an autoemission scanning scanning electron microscope (SEM) JSM-6490LA (Japan) with a regtgenospectral microanalyzer JED-2300 Analysis Station was used.
Figure 2-Electron microscopic images of samples of non-woven material (a) treated with formulation No. 1 (b),
formulation No. 2 (c), formulation No. 3 (d)
Electron microscopic images confirm the formation of a thin polymer film on the fiber surface. The results of electron scanning microscopy show (Fig.2) a change in the morphological surface of the treated samples compared to the untreated samples.
Based on the analysis of the obtained results, the proposed mechanism of interaction of phosphorus with non-woven material in the presence of PVA and copper sulfate chemically binds to the active centers of the non-woven fiber and provides a high degree of fire resistance of processed textile materials.
Conclusion
A composition based on PVA, phosphorus and copper sulfate has been developed to impart flame-re-tardant properties to nonwovens. The optimal conditions for processing textile material are determined, the influence of the concentration of the working solution, the temperature of impregnation and thermal fixation on the fire-resistant properties of non-woven material is studied. It is shown that the materials treated with polymer compositions have improved fire-retardant properties.
By the method of electron scanning microscopy, it was found that the treatment of tissues with the developed compositions leads to a change in the morphology of the surface of the fibers.
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