CC BY
22POLITICAL SCIENCES
INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE OF
UKRAINE
Zaporozhets T.,
Ph.D of Science in Public Administration, Doctor's Degree applicant, of Information Policy and Digital Technologies Faculty, National Academy of Public Administration, under the President of Ukraine
ORCID 0000-0003-1914-9481 Vasiuk N.
Ph.D of Science in Public Administration, Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Policy, National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine
ORCID 0000-0002-8493-6644
ABSTRACT
In the article the peculiarities of implementing the mechanisms of intellectual governance in the domestic sphere of education are investigated. The study analyzed the government's steps in society and education in informatization of all processes and stages of activity. The essence of the concept of "intellectualization of education" and the main directions of reforming modern education in Ukraine are established. The influence of foreign experience in the sphere of education reform on the implementation of intellectual governance mechanisms on the educational system of Ukraine is determined. Two directions of intellectualization of governance in education are covered, which include the implementation of technological achievements in the educational process and in the administrative activity of the educational establishment. Introduction of e-education, distance learning, workflow automation, use of software to create schedules, curricula and other types of governance at the educational establishment are the main areas of intellectualization of education in Ukraine. The purpose of using technical devices in training is described. The positive results of the implementation of intellectual governance in educational institutions have been systematized and the disadvantages and risks are outlined. The author summarizes the types of software used by the administration of schools and universities to manage interactions with teachers and cooperate with other educational institutions to share experiences. Features of e-learning and distance learning, smart education and others are revealed. The article describes the reasons for the slow implementation of intellectual governance mechanisms, due to the complexity of predicting its final results and future prospects. The unpreparedness of Ukrainian educational institutions is characterized by the lack of technical equipment in all educational establishments in the country. The functions of implementing intelligent governance systems in education including communication, assessment and content and their importance for improving teacher's interaction with students, administration with teachers, and preservation of documentation and evaluation of learning outcomes are generalized.
Keywords: intellectualization of education, technological achievements, administrative activity, school, higher education institution, interaction, Ukraine.
1. Introduction
The rapid pace of technological advancement in the 21st century has encompassed all spheres of modern life and is being introduced into the management of state and commercial structures, industrial enterprises by medical institutions, and more recently by the management of educational institutions. During the period of active development of computer technologies, the paradigm of the educational process was changed [2]. The use of smart technology, the Internet, computers and other hardware has made it possible to create e-learning and distance education that are gaining in popularity today.
A positive consequence of the introduction of electronic and distance education on the basis of electronic technologies was the personalization of education, since the results of each student are evaluated in accordance with the materials sent to him through their own e-cabinet [12, p. 42]. In addition to managing the educational process, the implementation of intellectual technologies is being implemented in the management of the general educational institution. Automation of
workplaces at school or university will increase the effectiveness of interaction between the head, the secretary, teachers, the librarian, and also the educational institution with parents.
Intellectualization of school management is a necessity of the present day, because according to the Laws of Ukraine "On General Secondary Education" and "On Education", management, which envisages introduction of information technologies into the management of the educational institution and training, which covers computerization of educational work main directions of reforming modern education in Ukraine [4; 5].
2. Analysis of recent publications on issues unsolved and definition of the problem.
Perspectives and difficulties of the introduction of intellectual technologies in the educational system are devoted to the work of a number of scientists: M.G. Vatkovskaya [1], A.V. Vozniuk [2], A. Ginkul [3], A.E. Kulik [6], V. E. Lunyachek [7], M.V. Mikhailichenko [8], O. Ya. Osadcha [10], T.O. Pushkaryova [11], O.V. Semenikhin [12], K.S. Sidorenko [13 ], Yu. Babanska [16], M.V. Fedorchuk [15] and others. Researchers
have found that the creation of intellectual learning systems has long been a task of scholars in the field of education, but has become possible with the active development of information and communication technologies. At the end of the 20 century, traditional education began to combine with e-learning and smart education.
3. Highlighting previously unresolved parts of
a common problem.
Despite numerous studies on the implementation of intellectual management in the field of education, most of them relate to foreign experience. Japan, Singapore, Estonia and others have experience in experimenting with the use of robotics in education. In 2014, "Softbank Mobile", in collaboration with "Aldebaran Robotics", created a humanoid "Pepper" robot capable of responding to human emotions, and later "NAO" and "Saya" robots that taught elementary school children and students.
In particular, the Pepper robot humanoid was used to teach students in Tokyo who studied programming. The NAO robot became an example of dance creation training, environmental analysis. He assisted in teaching reading and writing, keeping the attention of children for whom the robot teacher was a means of great motivation. The NAO robot was used in Singaporean schools for six experimental months. The results of these experiments indicate that humanoid works have proven to be well adaptable to any educational setting due to their multi-interactivity [16].
The leaders in implementing intellectualization of education are the USA, South Korea, Finland, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand [11, p. 16]. The experience of these countries shows that the implementation of e-learning, distance learning and automation of managing an educational institution is not inferior to traditional management methods. The technological development of Ukraine is inferior to the world leaders in the field of mechanisms of intellectual management of education, so their implementation in Ukraine mainly focuses on electronic and distance learning, the use of various technical devices in the classroom and for the remote interaction of teachers and students. Educational institutions cannot be dissociated from technological evolution. Information and communication technologies and automated management systems are important not only for the academic work of the institution, but also for its cooperation with other institutions, both inside and outside the country.
The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the perspectives and difficulties of implementing the mechanisms of intellectual management in the educational system of Ukraine.
4. Intellectuali/ation of education in Ukraine
Interest in the introduction of intellectual governance mechanisms in the education of Ukraine is the experience of Germany regarding the ability to enter into agreements with higher education institutions online. This will create opportunities for distance education for people with disabilities. The experience of France in the organizational structure of the government page as well as the mobility of teachers may be interesting for Ukraine in this aspect. The state should draw on the experience of France in updating Ukrainian teachers with
regard to the use of different mobile devices, so that they do not stay away from the problems of interactive interaction between teachers and pupils, as well as teachers and parents.
In Ukraine, intellectualization of education is primarily realized through the introduction of electronic gadgets, such as tablets, interactive whiteboards, smartphones and other means that provide access to the Internet, into the training. The purpose of the use of technical devices in training is to move education to an electronic environment, which would provide access to all those wishing to study materials. Scientists (A.V. Voznyuk [2], T.O. Pushkaryova [11], O.V. Semenikhin [12], etc.) emphasize that intellectualization of education implies access to various sources of information that would meet the needs pupils / students, where they would be able to receive the necessary data in a short period of time, to exchange views with other students / pupils, etc. The main complexity of the implementation of intellectual management technologies in Ukraine is due to the fact that experts cannot definitively predict what the prospects are and what will be the results of the introduction of intellectual mechanisms in the educational process, as well as the unpreparedness of educational institutions for technologicalization. So far in Ukraine, some schools, especially in rural areas, are not provided with Internet access and related software. To solve these problems, the issue should be considered at the government level. The Ukrainian government must adopt a strategy aimed at cooperation between educational institutions and leading manufacturers of technical equipment [3, p. 20].
Some researchers have called the introduction of e-education the driving force behind the intellectualiza-tion of education in Ukraine. According to M.V. Mi-khailichenko, e-education has proven to be effective in distance learning, managing the process of teacher-student interaction [8]. E-learning and distance education have proven to be an effective tool for automating workflow in an institution. The advantage of e-learning and distance education is the reduction of time spent and increased motivation for learning. E-learning results in Ukraine show that students remember 15-20% more material than full-time students.
This is due to the fact that distance learning students are able to apply to view the course material an unlimited number of times, unlike students who record lectures for a teacher and may miss key details of his / her presentation. However, e-learning and distance education require quality content. One of the achievements in the implementation of the intellectualization of education is the adoption by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of a strategy for the development of the information society, where it was first mentioned the need to introduce e-education as an alternative to the traditional one [15, p. 62].
There are higher education institutions in Ukraine that actively introduce e-education. An example is the experience of Kharkiv National University of the Interior, which offers such innovations as "Moodle" - based distance learning - a course management system where students can apply to study materials and acquire new knowledge at a convenient time, or refine their skills.
For comparison, systems like "Blackboard", "WebCT" and others are similar in function to control systems in the world. Distance learning education services were implemented by V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, but they are open only to part-time students.
An important step in the implementation of intellectual management in this institution was the creation of an electronic library, containing a large volume of publications by professors, teachers, students and others. Since 2009, the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" has approved the concept of e-learning. According to this strategy, teachers and students have the opportunity to use information and communication technologies, including access to computers and the Internet [15, p. 64].
A positive development in the field of intellectual management in Ukrainian education, as noted by O. Ya. Osadcha, is the automation of workflow and organization of interaction between participants of the administrative process, for example, between the headmaster and teachers, between teachers and parents of students, between teachers and students [10 with. 437]. These factors have identified trends in the creation of electronic didactic resources that would meet current teaching methods not only in school but also in professional education.
Intellectual management systems in Ukrainian education cover a range of services, including: (1) communication - e-mail among staff, voting, instant messaging, webinars, audio and video conferences; (2) assessment - online questioning and testing; keeping electronic journals of students' educational achievements; (3) content - electronic dictionaries; online news; individual and group documentation bases.
Educational intellectualization is a means of enhancing the competitiveness of the educational institution, as external communication through global information channels to educational institutions around the world enhances interaction between educational representatives and the exchange of experience. In order to manage the general educational institution, researchers have created a number of diagnostic and design systems such as "Universal", "AUTORSchool", "School" and others. The basis of the "Universal" is a technological tool intended for use by the administrative staff of the educational institution. With the introduction of the "Universal" system, the administration has the opportunity to analyze the effectiveness of the activity of the entire institution and to design further actions, creating different plans and automatically evaluating their effectiveness to determine the most optimal of options [14]. Another system created to improve the management of the deputy Director of the educational institution is "AUTHORSchool", which aims to automate the creation of classes. To manage databases of employees and students of the educational institution, the software "School" was developed [13, p. 432].
The problem with the implementation of these systems in the intellectual management of the school is the lack of preparedness of directors and administrative staff to use the latest technologies. However, efforts are being made to create custom programs such as "Intel -Learning for the Future" that are designed to teach
school principals and other employees of the administration to work with the latest programs.
Intellectual governance in the field of national education covers a wide range of services. In particular, the "Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine" has a website, visiting which citizens of Ukraine and foreigners are able to find the information they need regarding the various links of education in Ukraine, the legal basis of the activity of the "Ministry"; for educational institutions that offer distance learning, enable primary, secondary and tertiary education, etc. Using online access to contact the "Ministry" allows users to request the appropriate department and track the status of their documents. According to M. Vatkovskaya, the current state of intellectualization of education in Ukraine can be called a "transition to interactive cooperation" [1]. As a result of such interaction, two-way communication is realized between the organization and Internet users who are participants in the educational process or are interested in relevant information about the education of Ukraine.
Communication with representatives of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine is conducted via e-mail, online chat support. In addition, users can download the necessary documents used on the Ministry's website, which are organized in the state electronic registry (EDEBO). The main purpose of the EDEBO is, first and foremost, to provide educational institutions of Ukraine, local self-government bodies, individuals and legal entities with information on external evaluation, admission to higher education institutions, documents and requirements for obtaining a degree, data on pupil or student tickets of the state sample.
The state of Ukraine is the owner of this body of data and its manager is the "Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine". Second, a single database includes a number of required registers - the register of educational documents; registers of subjects of educational activity; the register of pupil and student tickets of the state sample. The downside of using this base is the over-reliance on technical support. In particular, the specified resource may inaccurately display data or "hang" [1].
New opportunities in the management of educational institutions are provided by "cloud" technologies. Hardware and software are constantly updated, but no educational institution can change computers and software on a daily basis. "Cloud" technologies enable Internet users to access computers through online server software. Accordingly, the "cloud" user has access to the data but does not have access to the operating system. The advantages of using "cloud" technology in an educational environment, as noted by S. Odaynyk, are (1) the lack of need to change computers to more powerful ones; (2) cost-effectiveness; (3) no requirement for continuous software updates; (4) storing information in the "cloud"; (5) access to various mobile devices; (6) a large amount of "cloud" data; (7) geographical freedom; (8) reducing the risk of data loss; (9) technical support of the service provider [9, p. 105]. "Cloud" technologies allow educational institutions to carry out three main activities, namely the ex-
change of information between participants in the educational process and educational institutions; collaboration, especially in the field of intellectual achievement; cooperation between the administration of the educational institution, teachers and students.
The slowness of implementing smart governance mechanisms in educational institutions has several drawbacks. V. Lunyachek, conducting research on computerization of schools and information and communication technologies in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region, found that Ukrainian educational institutions are significantly behind the changes in the educational and administrative process. The heads of educational establishments themselves do not have adequate information and technological training, and therefore actively implement changes [7].
Among the reasons for the backwardness of the Ukrainian educational environment in the implementation of management intellectualization, A.E. Kulik notes the unresolved organizational and technical reasons [6]. Not all schools have computer facilities and
Advantages and disadvantages of intellectualization
free internet access yet, especially for schools in villages or small towns, particularly in the regions. Those institutions that have the necessary computer equipment are having difficulty repairing it in a timely manner. The limited number of computers makes it impossible for every student to provide these equipment with lessons. Among the reasons for the slowdown in the in-tellectualization of management in education are also psychological and pedagogical problems [6]. As with any innovation, its supporters and critics are always there.
Critics point out that the intellectualization of the educational process can have negative consequences for the student's psyche, his cognitive processes, and so on. For an institution, the risk of using student databases is compromised by hacking attacks and tampering with student achievement through intervention.
Summarizing the above, the advantages and disadvantages of intellectualization of management in the sphere of education of Ukraine can be summarized in Table 1:
Table 1
The benefits of intellectualization Disadvantages of intellectualization
Multi-interactivity Dependency on technical support
Interest of pupils / students Equipment failure
Save time "Freezing" of the Internet resource
Access to study material at any time and for an unlimited number of times Low internet connection speed or lack of Internet coverage in some regions
Document automation Hacker attacks
Individualizing and grouping content databases Negative impact on the psyche and cognitive processes of students
* created by authors based on data [3; 8; 16].
5. Survey methodology
To achieve this goal, a scientific methodology was used, including both general scientific and special research methods. The met a hod ological basis of the research is a theoretical analysis of the introduction of innovative technologies in the field of education in Ukraine in the context of transformation with the use of a systematic approach, which allowed to study the impact of foreign experience in the field of transformation of education in the introduction of innovative technologies in the Ukrainian education system.
In the course of the research the whole complex of interrelated scientific methods was used, namely: structural and functional (to reveal the main characteristics of the system of providing innovative technologies in the field of education of Ukraine); generalization and semantic analysis (for the study of theoretical foundations and refinement of the conceptual and terminological apparatus), institutional (in clarifying the features of the introduction of electronic education, distance learning, document automation, use of software for the educational process), content analysis (in the process of learning) international and national literature on providing innovative technologies in the field of education in the conditions of transformation), comparative analysis (when identifying the best world pr the act of modernizing the system and arguing the possibility of their application in domestic practice), prognostic and advisory analysis (when developing proposals).
6. Conclusions
Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the results of the study indicate that today education should be flexible and adaptable to socio-technological transformations. The implementation of intellectual management mechanisms in educational institutions concentrates around two areas.
The first direction is to improve the interactive management of the process of interaction between the participants of the educational process, to expand the use of quality Internet content, mobile devices and other electronic means to improve the level of learning material, the creation of curricula, the level of assessment of students' educational achievements and more.
The second direction is the organization of the process of administration management by the administration, cooperation and exchange of experience between different educational institutions. The introduction of intellectual management technologies is a means of creating an educational space through information and communication tools. Ukrainian education has already made the first attempts to introduce management intellectualization, in particular, many higher education institutions have introduced a distance form of education through access to e-learning materials, personal accounts on the educational institution page, and so on.
References
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