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19Бюллетень науки и практики /Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №6. 2022
http://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/79
UDC 631, 529 https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/79/04
AGRIS F40
INTRODUCTION OF Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam. SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN AND USE IN LANDSCAPING
©Sadigov T., Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, Baku, Azerbaijan, sadigovtofig2022@gmail.com ©Aliyev M., Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, Baku, Azerbaijan ©Gafarova M., Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, Baku, Azerbaijan, qafarovamehriban@mail.ru ©Bagirli A., Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, Baku, Azerbaijan ©Mammadova I., Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, Baku, Azerbaijan ©Alibeyli Kh., Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, Baku, Azerbaijan ©Abbasov J., Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS, Baku, Azerbaijan
ИНТРОДУКЦИЯ ВИДОВ Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam. И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В ЛАНДШАФТНОМ ДИЗАЙНЕ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА
©Садыгов Т., Институт дендрологии НАН Азербайджана, г. Баку, Азербайджан, sadigovtofig2022@gmail.com ©Алиев М., Институт дендрологии НАН Азербайджана, г. Баку, Азербайджан ©Кафарова М., Институт дендрологии НАН Азербайджана, г. Баку, Азербайджан, qafarovamehriban@mail.ru ©Багирли А., Институт дендрологии НАН Азербайджана, г. Баку, Азербайджан ©Мамедова И., Институт дендрологии НАН Азербайджана, г. Баку, Азербайджан ©Алибейли Х., Институт дендрологии НАН Азербайджана, г. Баку, Азербайджан ©Аббасов Д., Институт дендрологии НАН Азербайджана, г. Баку, Азербайджан
Abstract. This article analyzes the research on the introduction of Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam species at the Institute of Dendrology on the Absheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan. Effective ways of introduction of these species, practical directions of application of their results are shown. As a result of the study, it was determined that the germination rate of scarified seeds of C. aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. species is higher than non-scarred seeds and is 56.02-69.09%. The seeds of the studied plant species are adapted well in the dry subtropical climate of Absheron. This gives us reason to believe that the introduction of the studied plant species corresponds to the dry subtropical climate of Absheron. It is expedient to use these plants in landscaping.
Аннотация. В данной статье анализируются исследования по интродукции видов Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. в Институте дендрологии на Апшеронском полуострове в Азербайджане. Показаны эффективные пути интродукции этих видов, практические направления применения их результатов. Установлено, что всхожесть скарифицированных семян видов C. aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. выше необработанных и составляет 56,02-69,09%. Семена изучаемых видов растений хорошо адаптируются в условиях сухого субтропического климата Апшерона. Растения рекомендуется использовать в озеленении.
Бюллетень науки и практики /Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №6. 2022
http://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/79
Keywords: Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam., sprouting, stratification, introduction, photosynthesis, sepals.
Ключевые слова: Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam., прорастание, стратификация, интродукция, фотосинтез, чашелистики.
Introduction
World plant cultivation was first created as a result of joint cultivation of local and introduced species. Decorative gardening has also emerged due to the introduction of more promising species. As a result, the local flora has undergone significant changes in a short period of time. Over the past decade, the expansion of landscaping to prevent air pollution due to the construction of large industrial facilities and residential buildings has become more urgent. Also, one of the important conditions for studying the bioecological characteristics of ornamental and economically important plants and researching about their applications to the economy is to determine the methods of their reproduction [4].
As we know, in higher plants, including trees and shrubs, ontogeny consists of two main stages: Stage 1 is the formation of the root system, trunk, leaves and all other vegetative organs. In this case, the plant carries out the processes necessary to perform all vital functions - nutrition, respiration, photosynthesis and other metabolic functions. The second stage is the formation of generative organs and, as a result, the formation of seeds [7]. Seeds are an important organ in the life of plants. Seeds are a means of preserving the gene pool of plants in nature and further expanding the range of these plants (Figure 1, 2).
One of the main goals of the research is to propagate the plants under study through seeds.
Figure 1. Caragana aurantiaca Koehne Figure 2. Caragana microphylla Lam.
Materials and Methods
The seeds of the research material were imported from the Kyrgyz Republic in 2021 by exchange. These seeds were sown in the open and closed pavilion, spring and autumn seasons in the experimental field of the Introduction and Acclimatization of Tree-Shrubs laboratory of the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS.
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Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №6. 2022
http://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/79
The Institute of Dendrology, located on the Absheron Peninsula in the western part of the Caspian Sea, was selected as a research area. During the study, it was found that the temperate warm climate of the semi-desert and dry steppes is typical for the Absheron Peninsula. The average temperature is 13,5-13,7 °C in winter, the average temperature in July is 24,6-25,8 °C, and sometimes the maximum temperature reaches 40-42 °C.
The average temperature in January is 2 °C to 3-3,5 °C. Annual precipitation varies between 150-310 mm. The number of strong winds on the peninsula during the year reaches 139-142. In the east of the Absheron Peninsula, the degree of mineralization of groundwater varies and is often close to the surface. The climate of Absheron is dry subtropical.
During the study, Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam. species were propagated by seeds, their sowing time was determined, and seed quality was determined by I. K. Firsov, seed propagation by V. I. Nekrasov, and study of seedling morphology by I. T. Vasilchenko [3, 6, 8].
Results and Discussions Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam. belong to the genus Caragana Lam., Fabaceae family (Figure 3, 4).
Figure 3. Caragana aurantiaca Koehne Figure 4. Caragana microphylla Lam.
Caragana aurantiaca Koehne is a tree or shrub which is 2-7 m high. Its root system consists of a large number of long and branched roots located in the deep layers of the soil. Root bacteria live in the fists on the side roots. Caragana aurantiaca Koehne leaves are double-feathered, consisting of 5-8 pairs of opposite — lined up leaves. The bright green leaves are 5 cm long, oblong and inverted ovate. The leaves are full-edged and densely hairy. The flowers are bisexual, the flower crown is yellow, clustered in clusters. The fruits are soybeans, ripen in July-August. This plant blooms and bears fruit at the age of 3-5 [1, 2].
The natural habitat of the plant is the Southern Urals, Siberia, Transcaucasia, and it is found in river forests and sandy soils. Usually, Caragana aurantiaca Koehne is light-loving, drought-resistant, less demanding on soil (Figure 5).
Бюллетень науки и практики /Bulletin of Science and Practice http://www.bulletennauki.ru
Т. 8. №6. 2022 https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/79
Figure 5. Caragana Lam.
The influence of different sowing times and seed storage conditions on seed germination has been studied on a scientific basis by us. The seeds were collected in paper bags and stored at a low temperature of 3-5 °C.
The developmental dynamics of the first seedlings of Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. species were determined (Figure 1, 2) [5].
Seeds of Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. were sown at different times of the year. Seeds of some trees and shrubs germinate in the first year after dormancy, and some species in the second year, depending on the species. With this in mind, the seeds are pre-scarified and sown in the fall and spring. The seeds of Caragana aurantiaca Koehne and C. microphylla Lam. species have a thick shell, so the germination process may be slow (Figure 5).
In order to determine the effect of the scarification process on seed germination, the seeds of these plants were planted under relatively different conditions. Thus, in the first variant, the seeds of Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. were sown in a special substrate (soil, peat, sand mixture 1: 1: 1: ratio) in open and closed conditions without scarification.
In the second variant, the seeds of these plants are scarified. For this purpose, the water is heated to 80 °C, the seeds examined are immersed in water and kept in water until they cool. The seeds that remain on the surface of such water have a weak ability to germinate.
It should be noted that the seeds left on the surface of the water need to be re-scarified. The seeds that have sunk to the bottom, that is, the ability to germinate, are placed in a pre-soaked petri dish, covered with another petri dish, and then placed under a table lamp and lit continuously (Table 1).
Table 1
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEEDS OF SCARIFIED AND NOT SCARIFIED SPECIES
Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam.
Species
tg к
I 3
Scarified
s
gg
к к ae
О
к о
a
к
r e
о
Not Scarified
g к
I
So
s
gg
к к
ae te
о
к
o
a
к
r e
О
C. aurantiaca Koehne 04 .03. 2022 19.03.2022 56.2 28.09.2021 16. 10 .2021 25
C. microphylla Lam. 05 .03. 2022 21.03.2022 69.9 29.09.2021 15. 10 .2021 37.5
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Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №6. 2022
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The seedlings consist of hypocotyl, epicotyl, root parts and two sepals. The hypocotyl part is greenish, cylindrical, 9-10 cm long. They are bright green, oval, 8-10 cm long and 4-5 cm wide. After 25 days, the real leaves begin to appear.
According to the literature, the presence of a large number of useful mineral elements in Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. depends on the soil and climatic conditions in which it is distributed [9].
During germination, the embryonic crust rises to the surface and leaves the first assimilation organ, the petals. The sepals are oval, small, dark green. The first sprouts were observed 14-15 days after sowing in the studied plants. The height of the seedlings was 0.2-0.3 cm. After emergence, the seedlings were planted on a specially prepared substrate (sand, ordinary soil, peat — in a ratio of 1:1:1 (Table 2).
Table 2
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST SEEDLINGS
OF Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, C. microphylla Lam. SPECIES
Species Sepals The length of the The length of the
Width (cm) Length (cm) hypocotyl (cm) epicotyl (cm)
C. aurantiaca Koehne 4-5 8-10 9-10 2-3
C. microphylla Lam. 5-6 9-11 6-8 3-4
It can be said that under the influence of high temperatures, the shell of scarred seeds is damaged, easily detached from the embryo, does not interfere with the germination process and accelerates the germination process of seeds.
Conclusion
The process of seed scarification is proposed, which creates more favorable prospects for the introduction of the studied species Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam. Two main issues were considered: 1. The introduction of the studied species corresponds to the dry subtropical climate of Absheron in Azerbaijan. 2. It is expedient to use these species in landscaping.
References:
1. Kuklina, A. G., Vinogradova, Y. K., & Tkacheva, E. V. (2015). About Flowering Biology of Alien Species: 3. Caragana arborescens Lam. and C. laeta Kom. Russian journal of biological invasions, 6(4), 238-251. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111715040037
2. Chibrik, T. S., & Baturin, G. I. (2003). Biologicheskaya rekul'tivatsiya zemel', narushennykh promyshlennost'yu. Ekaterinburg. (in Russian).
3. Firsov, I. K. (1960). Metody issledovaniya i otsenki kachestva semyan. Moscow. (in Russian).
4. Mammadov, T. S. (2010). Absheronun agaj ve kolla-ri. Baku: Science and Education publishing, 468.
5. Molchanov, A. A., & Simirnov, V. V. (1979). Metody izucheniya rosta drevesnykh rastenii. Moscow. (in Russian).
6. Nekrasov, V. I. (1973). Osnovy semenovedeniya drevesnykh rastenii pri introduktsii. Moscow. (in Russian).
7. Simirnov, V. V. (1964). Sezonnyi rost osnovnykh vidov. Moscow. (in Russian).
Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №6. 2022
http://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/79
8. Vasilchenko, I. T. (1960). Pobegi derev'ev i kustarnikov. Moscow. (in Russian).
9. Zamotaev, I. V., Ivanov, I. V., Mikheev, P. V., & Belobrov, V. P. (2017). Preobrazovanie i zagryaznenie pochv zhelezorudnykh raionov (obzor). Evraziiskoepochvovedenie, (50(3)), 359-372. (in Russian).
Список литературы:
1. Kuklina A. G., Vinogradova Y. K., Tkacheva E. V. About Flowering Biology of Alien Species: 3. Caragana arborescens Lam. and C. laeta Kom //Russian journal of biological invasions. 2015. V. 6. №4. P. 238-251. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111715040037
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3. Фирсов И. К. Методы исследования и оценки качества семян. М.: Сельхозгиз, 1960.
375 с.
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6. Некрасов В. И. Основы семеноведения древесных растений при интродукции. М.: Наука, 1973. 279 с.
7. Симирнов В. В. Сезонный рост основных видов. М.: Наука, 1964. 165 с.
8. Васильченко И. Т. Побеги деревьев и кустарников. М.-Л.: АН СССР, 1960. 301 с.
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Работа поступила Принята к публикации
в редакцию 25.04.2022 г. 29.04.2022 г.
Ссылка для цитирования:
Sadigov T., Aliyev M., Gafarova M., Bagirli A., Mammadova I., Alibeyli Kh., Abbasov J. Introduction of Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam. Species in Azerbaijan and Use in Landscaping // Бюллетень науки и практики. 2022. Т. 8. №6. С. 34-39. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/79/04
Cite as (APA):
Sadigov, T., Aliyev, M., Gafarova, M., Bagirli, A., Mammadova, I., Alibeyli, Kh., & Abbasov, J. (2022). Introduction of Caragana aurantiaca Koehne, Caragana microphylla Lam. Species in Azerbaijan and Use in Landscaping. Bulletin of Science and Practice, 8(6), 34-39. https://doi .org/10.33619/2414-2948/79/04
