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INTERPRETATION OF CONCEPT'S MEANINGS IN THE TERM
SAYALI SADIGOVA
Doctor of Philological Sciences, professor, Head of the Department of Terminology of Linguistics Institute named after Nasimi, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Baku, Azerbaijan
Absract. Scientific and technical progress, social changes lead to the emergence of new concepts in various fields of science. Concepts related to each science create a system in the field in which they arise. In order to obtain complete and absolute knowledge, it is extremely important to clearly define the system-forming sign which is the basis of each specific system, and the basic concepts defined by that sign. Defining these is to determine the mechanism of naming the subjects that form the basis of various fields of knowledge. The development offields of science provides the basis for new research aimed at methodological aspects for the expression of the achievements of scientific understanding. That is why being determined the specific features of the concepts that are common according to the characteristics of their formation, and the study of their interaction and influence with each other is relevant.
Key words: concept, name, term, meaning, interpretation.
Concepts in language are formed on the basis of certain phenomena and objects. Each of them has its own name, and these names are formed on the basis of certain characteristics. Names are a form of mental reflection of reality. The inseparable properties of objects and the relationship between them and the name makes the concepts form. N. Huseynli writes: "In objective reality, objects and their inseparable properties, the relations between the properties themselves, the relations between the objects themselves form the material basis of the formation of names, i.e. the relations between the object values of names are determined". [1, p. 334] For names to be essentially correct, they must accurately reflect the reality relating to the concept. The cognitive process of a concept is a process that rises along the hierarchy of essences of thinking. In this process, the concept is comprehended, and the features that distinguish it in the system of concepts are determined by thinking. In the thought-based stage of cognition, the essence of things and phenomena is penetrated, and the information that obtained is systematized and transmitted to the thinking. This process is based on the final conclusion given by science in relation to this concept. N. Huseynli writes: "Thinking synthesizes abstractions, creates concrete things in itself and on this basis reveals the essence hidden in the depths of things. In this process, the method of ascent from the abstract to concrete is used. There are serious differences between the concrete in thought and the concrete that exists in reality. Thinking on the basis of real existing concrete things has the power to create a number of concrete things on the basis of its internal laws". [1, p. 358] So, in the process of comprehending, the important features of the concept, the most general, necessary and important, concrete ones are revealed. In the final stage of the cognitive process, the essence of the concept is formed and its content is determined differently from the existing concepts. New knowledge is gained based on scientific ideas, experiments and ideas. The basis, the nuclear of this knowledge is the knowledge about the concepts. Relations between concepts are established on the basis of knowledge, based on judgments the empirical-theoretical character is revealed. The relation between the content and scope of the name that defines the concept is determined. Therefore, "it is necessary to find the necessary recurring regular connections between specific empirical-theoretical concepts in cognitive activity. In this process, general empirical-theoretical concepts are formed. Thus, special empirical-theoretical concepts and their interaction are one of the necessary prerequisites for the formation of general empirical-theoretical concepts". [1, p.360] These ideas show that the emergence of the concept and
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its connection with the name are the necessary prerequisites for the naming of units of scientific language, and they are interrelated. The concepts are based on scientific knowledge. In objective reality, just as phenomena and processes interact with each other, so do the fields of science, which are a manifestation of the forms of knowledge that reflect them. Creating these connections, creating mutual relations between the fields are the concepts that have an integrative character. In order to define concepts in relation to a concrete area, it is necessary to take into account important, general patterns, not individual, transient features. In this process, in addition to the information provided by various scientific knowledge about things, phenomena, to understand their essence, to achieve knowledge, the connection between the basic concepts is also determined. Concrete concepts are defined based on relations. Scientific abstractions specialize and concretize the concept. The main point in the systematization of concepts is that it serves to express the concept in a particular area. Each concept in this system differs in both content and functional indicators, and is the basis for a new concept. The accuracy of the concept is conditioning its stability. From this point of view, the concepts form the main content of science, reflecting in a generalized form the connections and relations of the properties that are important for the cognition of the objective world. The development of science is associated with the process of comprehension the concepts that are the means of cognition. Each field of science, as it develops, defines the concepts that arise in relating with it, by using scientific knowledge. The problems facing scientific knowledge essentially complement each other. Mutual relations develop using fundamental methods, along with concepts that emerge in connection with different fields of science. The development of fields of science is primarily associated with the emergence of forms of thought that reflect reality. Observations, experiments, phenomena that happening in society make an opinion form about a certain concept. The process of cognition is the coordination and subordination of thought forms. These relations underlie the formation and development of science at different stages of cognition. The knowledge acquired in the process of cognition has an objective content, that is, there is an adequacy between the already real phenomenon and the knowledge that is the reflection of essence. The essence is comprehended through cognition, their inner nature constitutes the content of the concept. As science is an evolving process, new facts become facts of knowledge and the content of the concept expands. As the content of the concept clarifies, it becomes necessary to name it. The process of cognition determines the basis of the information obtained for naming, transmits thoughts to the thinking by clarifing them. Self-cognition of names that emerging are related to the reality and on the other hand, to thinking. That is, the name is created on the basis of scientific knowledge. Science, on the other hand, is enriched with new knowledge based on the thoughts in the names and the ideas that put forward. Therefore, in science "only's", "specific's" are not enough to comprehend specific ones. Specific concepts are one of the necessary prerequisites for the formation of general concepts. For example, the development of theoretical ideas in linguistics laid the foundation for the emergence of phonology, lexicology, morphology, semiotics. Theoretical knowledge is the basis of theoretical knowledge in each field, and on this basis the concepts of each of the different fields of science are formed. In this process, the fields of science develop in mutual relation. There is also a mutual relation in various fields of science. Of course, these relations are formed on the basis on concepts. Each concept forms as a step in that logical hierarchy as a result of a necessary need in the process of general development of scientific knowledge. Defining of the main features of the concepts results in the formation of names.
The correct definition of concepts leads to the emergence of new names. Terms constitute an important part of new names in the language. From this point of view, terms denoting names can be divided into different groups: terms denoting certain abstract concepts; terms denoting categories; terms expressing phenomena; terms denoting subjects; The existence of phenomenon, object etc. is necessary as a first condition for the emergence and existence of terms. The issue of how the concept is reflected in the terminological system of the language, to define it on the basis of the potential of the national language is distinguished by its urgency. Different concepts find their optimal expression
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in the forms of language, in the terminological structure of language. On the basis of language forms and means, the exact name of the concept is given as much as possible, and the resulting form reveals the essence of the content and meaning. The study of the historical development of concepts and terms reveals the interrelationship of this process, being defined certain features, eventually, enters the ranks of terminological units, functionalizes them in language and speech. Being of the name of a certain subject in the main fund of language terminology reflects the development in that direction. Naming concepts, gaining activity in certain fields of science is a long-term process. Concepts and their nomination, naming them, their new meaning, compatible naming and meaning to each other, their interrelation are the main conditions for the process of formation of new terms. This process results in the reflection of phenomena in concepts in dynamically developing society. On the one hand, the comprehension of the emerging concepts determines the essence of the word, the term. Their system-structural analysis also leads defining of the semantic nature of terms. In this terminosystem, the internal relations of meaning are revealed. Within the process of terminalization of concepts (semantic conversion, terminalization of common words, terminalization of everyday words, specialization of meaning, etc.), its fields of usage, different meanings of the term, cases of defining appear. The regularities of development and stabilization of terms, the character of semantic relations are related to the relationship between the concept and the term. The connection between them attracts attention in different directions. One of the new directions of research is, in general, to determine the term concept relation in cognitive direction. This direction determines the relation between structural signs and the means of expression of language in different ways: 1. conceptually models and reveals the basic concepts; 2. determines the meaning relations between the basic concepts; 3. reflects the relation between concepts in the terminosystem; 4. reveals the expression of concepts and the relation between them in linguistic forms; 5. brings schematic forms to the terminological system. In this system, how terms express concepts, the language means of hierarchical structure, the main names of each concept, cognitive models are blocked, term-forming models are placed in blocks. In these models, terminology is approached from a cognitive point of view. According to V.F. Novodrano, "the cognitive aspect of research is characteristic of modern linguistics, especially interesting for terminology, at this time each term is exactly comprehended, an exact structural meaning is determined" [3, p.89]. Such an approach, unlike words, defines the features to differentiate of terms. For example, the concept "zaman" (tense) is a word formed related to thinking. This word gradually expresses a new meaning. This meaning has been formed in accordance with the shades of meaning expressed by the word. However, the concept of tense has been used as a term, specializing in both linguistics and philosophy, while retaining its original meaning. In the study of the means of grammatical expression in linguistics, tense is often approached from a philosophical point of view, and at best only from a semantic point of view. A. Akhundov writes: "Grammar does not create tense by itself, it only marks the objective tense reflected in the human mind with special features in language and at the same time makes it much more concrete" [2, 1961, p. 4].
Thus, the laws and categories of objective philosophy are manifested through the means of language. For example, the category of objective tense is philosophical tense, and these concepts are expressed in grammatical tense in language. Thus, by using the term "tense" in philosophy and grammar, has made the fact happen that the manifestation of tense in the human thinking, which exists in the objective world independently of us, being expressed in language. That is, the cognitive-communicative approach interprets the meaning, comprehensive features of the term. The means of categorization of human activity, the verbalization of thinking are interpreted. There are two cognitive directions in this field: a) semantic prototype; b) semantic stereotype directions are more common. Logical, linguistic and theoretical-historical aspects of the terms considered as the main units of scientific language are defined. In this case, the specific, individual characteristics of an object are taken as a basis. Logically, the specificity of the terms is to name objects, processes, phenomena of objective reality and concepts related to them. This is the dominant essence of the terms as a scientific
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unit. This, in addition to the nominative function, has also realized the definitive function of the terms. V.V. Vinogradov writes: "The term performs two functions - nominative and definitive functions, and the word performs only a nominative function" [4, p. 12-13]
The process of formation of each term is defined within the function of its expression the relevant concepts. The mentioned terms are also distinguished from ordinary words and have a definitive character. The term is semantically different from other lexical units. The term has one meaning, but when used in another meaning, it loses its right to be a term. In this case, the same term-word either becomes a term in another field, or becomes an ordinary common word. There is always a connection between a concrete term and a concrete concept, an abstract term and an abstract concept. The terms express concepts. Every field of science is a system of knowledge forming from concepts. The concept is the result of the human mind's process of comprehension the processes in reality. Terms related to the meanings of certain concepts define the relevant concepts. Concepts, being an element of thinking, are a means of perceiving matter, of perceiving the world around us, and reflect the main features of concepts within a particular field. The meaning of the term is always the meaning of the object, the concept. In fact, the term is both a means of creating a concept and a form of its expression. The term and the concept appear simultaneously, in close interaction with each other. Between the term and the concept, there is a connection of phenomenon and essence, form and content. Therefore, before defining the specific features of each term, the essence of the general concept, including the concepts themselves, the connection between the concept and the name, the term is clarified. Undoubtedly, both aspects are interrelated. Defining the connection between a concept and a term is related to logic and semantics. A concept is "an idea defined on the basis of features that allow to distinguish an object and phenomenon close to it from certain objects and phenomena. Generalization, specialization and abstraction are used in the process of formation of concept. The features expressed in the concept reflect the properties of the object or phenomenon being studied and the relations between them" [5, p. 53]. In being defined of a concept, things, processes, cases, features, quantities and other relations of objective reality can be the object. At the same time, it should be kept in mind that in the terminological system it should be taken as a basis not any concept, but only taken that concept which defined by a certain term, which belongs to the relevant field of science. Concepts are a set of ideas that express the general and important features of the objects and phenomena of objective reality. This set creates a system of concepts. The content of concepts formed in language is a set of features, and the scope of concepts includes objects and phenomena surrounded by these concepts. Each concept being a form of human thinking expresses the general features of things. "Formal logic approaches the concept in a formal way, not in relation to reality. Materialist dialectics, on the contrary, does not separate the concept from reality, materialist dialectics takes this fact as a basis that not meaningless concepts, but correct concepts reflect reality and this generalizes the most important, significant features of life" [6, p.15].
The unity of basic concepts in science creates a system of concepts. General scientific concepts stand in the development of modern scientific cognition. Concepts can be divided into the following groups: 1. Concepts used only in special fields of science. 2. General concepts used in a number of fields of science. According to this direction and content, terms in science can be divided into two groups, specific and general. General scientific terms are terms that forming on the basis of the interaction of specific scientific concepts with philosophical categories. Such terms create conditions for the full disclosure of the content and essence of special sciences, allow to correctly understand their role in understanding the objective world, that is, general terms play the role of a link with special scientific concepts. Scientific-theoretical knowledge is realized through terms. Terms that form as a result of the development of concrete scientific knowledge actively participate in the realization of their impact on specific fields of scientific knowledge. From this point of view, the connection between the term and the concept is complex and varied.
General scientific concepts are based on the interrelation of sciences and are fully applied in all sciences and gain logical-epistemological universality. Such concept are located between specific
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scientific and general scientific concepts and have different degrees of generality. According to general scientific concept, terms can be divided into two groups: 1. Terms belonging to each science. That is, terms used in a field in accordance with the subject of certain fields of science are meant. For example, in linguistics, "words that are close in meaning and content, express the same and similar denotation, but differ in form, are called synonyms. Or, any concept is expressed not by one word, but by several different words; Lexical units that expressing concepts which are not related to each other, have lost semantic relation, have the same form, but different meanings are called homonymous words. Homonymous words are a linguistic phenomenon, combining lexical and grammatical features of the language, which have certain similarities in the development of the language according to their sound structure, but different words in meaning. [5, p. 746, p. 911] These terms are related only to linguistics, they are one of the basic concepts of semiotics.
As well as, there are specific terms belonging to each field of physics, mathematics, chemistry, etc. However, there are such concepts that are used in many fields of science and can be called common terms. Terms commonly used in several fields of science are called common terms. For example, the word "harakat" (motion) along with acquiring activity as a common word, is used as a common term in a number of fields of science. The term "harakat" is of Arabic origin, and along with a number of meanings, in a philosophical meaning it is used in the meaning of "the form of existence of matter, its inseparable property; the process of continuous change and development of the material world"; The term "tasavvur" (imagination) is used in both philosophical and psychological meaning as "imagining happened phenomenon, reviving" (the process of imagining). // Previously affected the sense organs, but now it does not have a direct effect, but is used in the meaning of "a concrete image of an object and phenomenon imagining in dream" . "In dialectical philosophy, there are 5 forms of motion. The first of these is the form of mechanical motion. It is the spatial displacement of objects relative to each other. The second is the group of electromagnetic processes studied by physics, is including the forms of motion such as light phenomena, the effects of mutual attraction, and the transformation of processes and particles within the atom and inside the nucleus. The third is a form of biological motion (organic life). Fifth, it is a form of social action (social processes, it is the history of human society". Also, "adequate" - equal, appropriate, corresponding, adequate cognition is cognition that accurately reflects all the most important features of an object or phenomenon. Such terms perform the same and sometimes different functions in various fields of science. In particular, the fields of usage of philosophical terms, as we have mentioned, are broad. For example, the terms "analysis" and "synthesis" are used in various fields of science. However, the meaning is as follows in philosophy: 1) analysis (fragmentation in Greek) - the division of an object and phenomenon into simple parts that containing them. 2) Synthesis (to constitute in Greek) - to unite the parts of an object or phenomenon in order to make whole, to look at the object as a whole, to act from simple to complex. [6, p. 149]
Such terms are used in a number of fields because they express a broader meaning. All these meanings are related to the function of certain concepts conveying among the sciences. From this point of view, general scientific concepts, objects and phenomena of the external world are interrelated. This is because scientific concepts can exist only within the framework of that theory, embodying the results of certain theoretical research. If any concept does not express a certain concept within the framework of theories, it cannot perform the function of a general scientific concept. When saying general scientific concepts it is intended those concepts which used in at least three or more sciences. For example, terms of French origin such as "subject", "object", "individum", "individual", "absolute", "substance", "concrete", "universal", "abstract", "rational", "rationalism", "adequate" and so on are used in many fields. The integration of sciences and the synthesis of knowledge, the interaction between them is one of the fundamental laws of the development of science. The general scientific concepts that have emerged as a result of the development of science play the role of a necessary means of cognition. Concepts that play the role of a necessary means of cognition are ultimately expressed in terms. Terms that form as an expression of a concept also specialize in certain
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fields of science. Therefore, concepts are defined when applying the content of any object. This determines the further directions and content of the research. Most importantly, there is both content, and functional connection and development between the term and the concept. In the process of development of scientific knowledge, they undergo certain changes, are changed, and concretize in accordance with the shades of meaning. Different aspects of the same object that expressing in concept are expressed. In this defining, the term content - is defined as a set of elements taken together with all the properties and motions of the system. The term form - is interpreted as the formation of the elements of the system and their inherent motions. The term concept-form in language is characterized by internal and external connections of elements. The development of science closely connects language with the process of comprehension (cognition). It interprets the phenomena of categorization and conceptualization in the world. The meanings of the term should be approached in a relationship to the process of comprehending the concept. Human's thought and mental activity are related to his ability to comprehend. The identification of these relations plays a guiding role in the correct choice of the principles of naming the units of scientific language. Since all fields of science are evaluated as systems and subsystems, both structurally and functionally, the mechanism of the system that makes it up must be taken as a basis the subordinating connections between concepts and names. Thus, the meanings of the concept must be defined exactly and interpreted in the concept term.
LITERATURE
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2. Akhundov Aghamusa. Tenses of the Verb, Baku, AUL edition, 1961, 165 p.
3. Novodranova V.F. Cognitive sciences and terminology. / Scientific and technical terminology. Scientific-tech. absract. C6. M., 2000. bhïï 2, 289 c.
4. Vinogradov V.V. Russian language, Vestnik MGU, 1947, No. 7, 229 p.
5. S. Sadigova and others. Dictionary of explanatory linguistic terms, Baku, 2019, 1200 p.
6. Mammadov Z.J. Philosophical thought in Azerbaijan in the XIX-XX centuries, Baku, 1978, 356p.
7. Explanatory dictionary of the Azerbaijani language, IV c, 1987, 599 p.
8. Encyclopedic dictionary of philosophy, Baku, "Encyclopedia of Azerbaijan", 1997, 735p.
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