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INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD (IMF) POLARITY, COLLECTIVE EMOTIONS AND ENTROPY CHANGES OF RANDOM EVENT GENERATORS: ABSTRACT OF A MANUSCRIPT IN PREPARATION
Hans W. Wendt
Alexander von Humboldt Geomedicine, Macalester College, University of Minnesota
Attempts to document empirical connections between emotional or attentional states and quantum indeterminate processes date at least as far back as H. Schmidt's experiments in a Boeing aerospace lab (Schmidt, 1971). More recently, the Global Consciousness Project, a large-scale network type system incorporating features of several of the topics in the title, was initiated by R. Nelson with the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Laboratory (Jahn and Dunne, 1997; Nelson et al., 2002; Radin 2006). As one major result, the experimenters noted small but reliable changes in the output of up to 70 widely distributed random event generators (REG) whenever groups of individuals experienced life-threatening situations or participated in other collective activities. As of now the findings are based on nearly 250 events and in effect span the solar cycle 23. The results are theoretically far-reaching, whether they are explicated within physics as to entropy or psychology or in a chrono-physiological perspective.
In part to clarify any potential relevance of the work of Mansurov and Mansurova (1970) and Nikolaev et al. (1976), the senior author analyzed the 1998-2007 Princeton data in the framework of the interplanetary magnetic field's (IMF) polarity (Parker, 1958). The latter has been accessed since 1996 by the ACE satellite at the L1 libration point about 1.5 106 km from Earth. Associations have now been documented between (a) entropy changes of the generator output when it coincides with (and sometimes anticipates) the groups' emotional arousal; and (b) a composite measure of IMF polarity during the prior Bartels i.e. ~27 day synoptic solar rotation. The effects are replicable and most substantial for human violence such as bombings, assassinations and generally warlike acts (Figure 1). Such situations also reflect the essential lack of control on the part of victims and witnesses. By contrast, relationships between REG deviations and near-Earth polarity status were minimal or unreliable for fatal accidents such as from transportation and natural catastrophes (Figure 2). For large-scale celebrations, prayer, meditation, and the like significant results of their own are reported in some Princeton work. Nevertheless those events are not accompanied in our study by appreciable relationships i.e. quantified as correlations (NB) between REG deviations and IMF status (Figure 3). There is some evidence of 27-day, annual and seasonal regularities, and Halberg et al's ~13-16 month "transyears" (Halberg et al., 2003) are potential candidates, already documented for suicide (Cornelissen and Halberg, 2006). Seemingly causal reversals have been observed but remain problem areas (Moddel, 2006; Nikulov and Sheehan, 2004). So far we have seen no interactions involving the polarity status that could be convincingly attributed to solar cycle phase, IMF Bz excursions, coronal mass ejections, universal or sidereal time, storm sudden commencements, or experimenter identity. On the other hand, such negative findings are necessarily qualified by the limited numbers of cases currently available.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 reflect the three domains outlined. Each circle represents a significant event as defined by widespread or sometimes sub-population publicity. Numbers on the X-axis are associated with each event by a heuristic formula. The expression combines (a) the total cumulative presence of Earth and satellite in IMF positive areas (away from the sun) during the preceding solar rotation; and (b) the number of times the satellite transits from a negative position (outside the average solar wind spiral) to a positive one; in these data this occurs from one to 8 times per rotation. The Y-axis depicts standard score (Z) deviations from the expected random output of the generators (REG) that are attributed to a designated event. The plots include best-fit lines and second-order polynomials which are occasionally suggestive. The underlying distributions are monitored for variance, skewness and kurtosis, based on long run statistics.
Note that the dependent variable throughout is in effect a higher order entity and in the nature of a correlation: The Z deviation is itself (assumed) contingent on the linkage or entanglement with some feature of the emotional or central nervous status during the event.
Figure 1 and breakdowns are based on violent deaths with often numerous victims. Instances include the 9/11 disaster, air attacks, suicide bombings, hostage killings, assassinations and analogous events. Among other things they are characterized by a lack of control on the part of the victims or witnesses. Results change little with different classifications of regions or types of violence. The statistics show an unexpectedly significant role of the near Earth plasma status or of some closely related proxy.
Figure 2 reflects fatal major accidents and natural catastrophes. Examples are plane crashes, the Challenger shuttle accident, explosions, earthquakes or floods. The breakdowns (and additional ones, not shown) are typically in the same direction as those involving violence, however, they rarely approach statistical significance.
Figure 3 covers celebrations, sports events, political activism, prayer and meditations but also many that are difficult to define or on whose meaning judges could not agree. No sub-classifications are attempted, therefore. In any case, under the heterogeneous conditions amalgamated here there is at best a suggestive correlation between REG deviations and IMF polarity. By contrast, Nelson et al. (2002) found that meditation, prayer et al. as well are often reflected directly in REG changes.
A great deal has yet to be learned concerning the above empirical results, last not least for violence and threat. At best we can speculate about possibilities, mindful of Vaihinger's (1920) observations. For example, IMF residuals (which also permeate the surface of the earth beyond the poles) may impact the REG quantum processes, so that their charge characteristics introduce a bias in the otherwise random sequences. The binary output is accordingly distorted; entropy is in effect diminished. The REG sequence is thus primed and temporarily sensitized. It is thereby enabled to engage the carrier of information (or energy) generated by the arousal from threats etc. We then observe one aspect of the outcome as a Z deviation as shown. All the same we are dealing with a four-way interlaced system of, respectively (a) event and/or
threat, (b) REG behavior, (c) the entanglement of REG behavior and event, and (d) IMF polarity. For practical purposes of predicting terroristic events, as suggested by Grigoryev and Vladimirskii (in press), the underlying dynamics are currently obscure, as is any relation to transyears that have been reported to replace the calendar year on the analysis of the larger body of acts of terrorism. In data from Princeton as well, our analyses do not detect a calendar-yearly pattern but instead a component of ~1.3-year length, the major peak in the transyearly region. The importance of the IMF in human affairs has been emphasized with documented superposed epoch analysis by Halberg et al. (1991).
Legends
Figure 1. Correlations with a gauge of the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and deviations from randomness "entangled" with "violence from below", as Suitbert Ertel (1996) puts it, qualified by lack of consideration for periodicity in the phenomena assessed.
Figure 2. Scatterplots of deviation from randomness vs. IMF polarity "entangled" with the incidence of accidents and other catastrophes.
Figure 3. Inward-directed acts such as meditation and prayer in the context of a putative correlation between the output of random event generators and the interplanetary magnetic field of borderline and otherwise qualified statistical
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Figure 1. Approach and analyses by Hans W. Wendt.
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Figure 2. Approach and analyses by Hans W. Wendt.
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Figure 3. Approach and analyses by Hans W. Wendt. Selected historical, seminal and other references:
1. Comélissen G, Halberg F. Chronomics of suicides and the solar wind. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189: 567-568. [Reply to Salib E, Cortina-Borja M. Effect of month of birth on the risk of suicide. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188: 416-422.]
2. Ertel S. Space weather and revolutions: Chizhevsky's heliobiological claim scrutinized. Studia Psychologica 1996; 39: 3-22.
3. Grigoryev PYe, Vladimirskii BM. The cosmic weather affects the terrorist activity. Reports of Taurida University, in press.
4. Halberg F, Breus TK, Cornélissen G, Bingham C, Hillman DC, Rigatuso J, Delmore P, Bakken E, International Womb-to-Tomb Chronome Initiative Group: Chronobiology in space. Keynote, 37th Ann. Mtg. Japan Soc. for Aerospace and Environmental Medicine, Nagoya, Japan, November 8-9, 1991. University of Minnesota/Medtronic Chronobiology Seminar Series, #1, December 1991, 21 pp. of text, 70 figures.
5. Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Schack B, Wendt HW, Minne H, Sothern RB, Watanabe Y, Katinas G, Otsuka K, Bakken EE. Blood pressure self-surveillance for health also reflects 1.3-year Richardson solar wind variation: spin-off from chronomics. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2003; 57 (Suppl 1): 58s-76s.
6. Jahn RG, Dunne BJ, Nelson RD, Dobyns YH, Bradish GJ. Correlations of random binary sequences with pre-stated operator intentions: A review of a 12-year program. Journal of Scientific Exploration 1997; 11, 345-367.
7. Mansurov SM, Mansurova LG. Relationship between magnetic fields in space and at the earth's surface. Annals of Geophysics 1970; 26, 397-399.
8. Moddel G. Constraints imposed on retrocausation by entropy and information considerations. AAAS Pacific Division Convention Proceedings, San Diego, CA, 2006, 82.
9. Nelson RD, Radin DI, Shoup R, Bancel PA. Correlations of continuous random data with major world events. Foundations of Physics Letters 2002; 15 (December): 1-13.
10. Nikolaev JS, Rudakov JJ, Mansurov SM, Mansurova LG. Interplanetary magnetic field sector structure and disturbances of central nervous system activity. Proceedings, 7th International Interdisciplinary Cycle Research Symposium, Bad Homburg, Germany, 27 June-3 July, 1976. Also Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, Preprint N 17a, 1976.
11. Nikulov A, Sheehan P. The Second Law mystique. Editorial, Entropy 2004, 6, 1-10.
12. Parker EN. Dynamics of the interplanetary gas and magnetic fields. Astrophysical Journal 1958; 128, 664-676.
13. Radin D. Entangled Minds. New York: Paraview, 2006.
14. Schmidt H. Mental influence on random events. New Scientist and Science Journal 1971; 757-758.
15. Vaihinger H. The Philosophy of "As If" ("Die Philosophie des Als Ob", Leipzig c. 1920, transl. C.K. Ogden, 1924).
