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8JURIDICAL SCIENCES
INTERACTION BETWEEN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND OTHER STATE INSTITUTIONS ENGAGED IN PROTECTION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS OF UKRAINE IN THE SPHERE OF
TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION
Hrechyn Ye.
Doctor of Law, associate professor National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine,
Kyiv, Ukraine
Abstract
In the paper, the system of law enforcement and other state bodies of Ukraine that participate in the protection of national interests in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation is discussed. The forms of the specified interaction are defined and the ways of its improvement are outlined.
Keywords: trade and economic cooperation, national interests, interaction, state law-enforcement bodies, legal framework.
Significant socio-economic changes in the country in the XXI century, the latest challenges related to the need for radical reorientation of all the sectors of the national economy against the background of turbulent events in the east and Ukraine's intensive participation in global economic processes require special attention of the state and society to all the spheres of public relations.
Of particular importance in this context are the joint, well-established and coordinated activities of law enforcement and other state bodies of Ukraine, including those in the field of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine, united by a common goal and objectives to protect the national interests in this sphere.
First of all, let us turn to the etymology of the concept of "interaction" in order to clarify its essence and content in the context of the subject of this study.
As it is known, interaction is a mutual connection between objects in action, as well as a coordinated action between someone or something. Interact means to be in touch, to act mutually or to act in concert, to be in interaction [1, p. 125].
Characteristic features of interaction in the context of the subject of this research can be considered the following:
1) the legal framework for interaction;
2) the subject of legal relations are law enforcement and other state bodies within their competence, which may occupy an equal, subordinate or managerial position;
3) clearly defined principles of interaction;
4) links with other entities at different territorial levels that arise in the field of implementation of various activities of the subjects of interaction;
5) common goal, which is to concentrate and rationally use forces and means of the interacting parties in the process of solving complex problems, when the capabilities of individual entities are not enough;
6) consistency of joint activities by purpose, place, time, methods.
Thus, the interaction should be understood as a coordinated activity of stakeholders in a particular area of public relations, aimed at achieving a common
goal by performing the tasks defined within their competence.
In the context of ensuring the national interests of Ukraine in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation, we suggest to consider interaction as a norma-tively regulated, agreed and coordinated joint activity of law enforcement and other state bodies, which is carried out in specific forms, using their specific powers, places and time, as well as methods to identify and prevent threats, risks and challenges to national security in the specified sphere of social relations.
The system of state bodies, engaged in the system of economic security provision, including the security of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine, as its integral part, consists of special state bodies, which, within the powers entrusted to them, directly implement measures to ensure economic security; government agencies that participate in or perform certain functions to ensure economic security.
Thus, to state bodies that are elements of the economic security system and participate or perform certain functions in the fight against economic crime, including that in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine, within the limits of performance of the other basic functions assigned to them, belong the corresponding structural divisions of:
- Security Service of Ukraine;
- intelligence agencies of Ukraine;
- Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine;
- judicial bodies of Ukraine;
- bodies and institutions of punishments execution;
- State Border Guard Service of Ukraine;
- National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine;
- National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine;
- State Fiscal Service of Ukraine;
- State Audit Service of Ukraine;
- Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine;
- the National Bank of Ukraine, as well as other credit and financial institutions where state assets are stored;
- State Property Fund, National Depository and State Commission on Securities and Stock Market;
- Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, State Statistics Service of Ukraine and some other central and local executive bodies.
In the context of the subject of this study, we consider it appropriate to discuss in more detail the following government institutions:
- Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine and the Main Intelligence Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, which are responsible for the legislation: extraction, analytical processing and provision of intelligence information specified by law to public authorities; implementation of special measures aimed at supporting the national interests and state policy of Ukraine in economic, political, military, military-technical... spheres, strengthening defense capabilities, economic and scientific-technical development...; participation in the fight against terrorism, international organized crime. illicit trade in weapons and their technology [2] ;
- State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, which provides: implementation of state policy in the field of combating offenses during the application of tax, customs legislation, implementation within the powers provided by law, control over the receipt of budgets and state trust funds of taxes and duties, customs and other payments, state policy in the field of control over the timeliness of settlements in foreign currency within the period prescribed by law, compliance with the procedure for cash settlements for goods (services), etc. [3];
- State Border Guard Service, which in accordance with current legislation carries out border control and passage across the state border of Ukraine of persons, vehicles, goods and other property, as well as detects and stops cases of illegal movement, including that in the process of international trade and economic cooperation; participates in the fight against organized crime, etc. [4]. While the intelligence body of the Administration of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which is responsible for extracting, analytical processing and providing intelligence to law enforcement agencies; implementation of special measures aimed at supporting the national interests and state policy of Ukraine in the economic, political, military, military-technical, environmental and information spheres, strengthening defense capabilities, economic and scientific-technical development, protection and protection of the state border; participation in the fight against terrorism, international organized crime, illicit drug trafficking, illicit trade in weapons and their technology, illegal migration in the manner prescribed by law; taking measures to counteract external threats to the national security of Ukraine, life, health of its citizens and objects of state property outside Ukraine [4] ;
- National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, whose task is to combat criminal corruption offenses committed by senior officials authorized to perform the functions of state or local government, and pose a threat to national security [5].
- The Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, which supervises compliance with the law by bodies conducting operational and investigative activities, inquiries, pre-trial investigation, including those in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine [6].
The above-mentioned gives grounds to argue that almost all government branches are in some way involved in the process of protecting the national interests of Ukraine in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation.
Forms of their interaction can be considered as:
- information interaction - the exchange of information in the prescribed manner; providing information necessary to solve the set tasks from one subject of interaction to another;
- joint planning - development of action plans to address common challenges;
- conducting joint events (meetings, classes, briefings, trainings, consultations, etc.) with the involvement of forces and means of the subjects of interaction;
- improving the legal framework for combating violations in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine.
Taking into consideration the above-mentioned, the interaction of law enforcement and other state institutions, as well as other bodies and units created to combat economic offenses, and the use of their capabilities in ensuring the national interests in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation, can be improved by:
- development of drafts of relevant joint decrees;
- development and implementation of departmental regulations that would regulate such interaction in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine, taking into account its specific features;
- working out the proper mechanism of information exchange between all the stakeholders;
- development of a joint strategy to combat offenses in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation;
- organization of joint meetings at different levels;
- enabling the use of information databases, accounting, etc.;
- creation of joint information databases on typical offenses in the specified sphere, their features, methods and mechanisms of commission, etc.;
- joint development of tactics to combat crime in the mentioned sphere, taking into account its scale, complexity of structures and system of relations;
- development and submission of proposals to eliminate conditions that contribute to the spread and development of illegal activities in the sphere of trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine.
References
1. Busel V.T. et al. Large explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language. Irpin: «Perun», 2005. 1728 p.
2. The Law of Ukraine "On the Intelligence Bodies of Ukraine" of 22.03.2001 № 2331-III. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2331-14#Text.
3. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of21.05.2014 № 236. "On State Fiscal Service of Ukraine" URL: https://za-kon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/236-2014-%D0%BF#Text.
4. State Border Guard Service of Ukraine: official web-site. URL: https://dpsu.gov.ua.
5. The Law of Ukraine of 14.10.2014 № 1698-VII "On the National Anti-corruption Bureau of Ukraine". URL: https://za-kon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1698-18#Text.
6. The Law of Ukraine of 14.10.2014 № 1697-VII "About prosecutor's office". URL: https://za-kon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1697-18#Text.
ПРАВОВОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ЧЛЕНОВ СЕМЬИ СОБСТВЕННИКА ЖИЛОГО ПОМЕЩЕНИЯ
Бешукова Ф.К.
Старший преподаватель кафедры правовых дисциплин филиала АГУ в г. Белореченске
Ларина О.В.
Старший преподаватель кафедры правовых дисциплин филиала АГУ в г. Белореченске
LEGAL STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE OWNER OF THE DWELLING
Beshukova F.,
Adyghe State University, branch in Belorechensk. Senior Lecturer of Legal Disciplines Department
Larina O.
Adyghe State University, branch in Belorechensk. Senior Lecturer of Legal Disciplines Department
Аннотация
В данной статье рассмотрены основы правового положения членов семьи собственника жилого помещения. Проанализированы нормы Семейного, Гражданского и Жилищного кодексов РФ. Кроме того, освещена проблема обеспечения жилым помещением детей собственника жилого помещения при прекращении семейных отношений (при расторжении брака). Также рассмотрены спорные вопросы положения членов семьи собственника при отчуждении жилого помещения.
Abstract
This article discusses the basics of the legal status of the family members of the owner of the residential premises. The norms of the Family, Civil and Housing Codes of the Russian Federation are analyzed. In addition, the problem of providing residential premises for the children of the owner of the residential premises at the termination of family relations (at the dissolution of marriage) is highlighted. The disputable issues of the position of the owner's family members during the alienation of residential premises are also considered
Ключевые слова: жилищные отношения, члены семьи, собственник жилого помещения, Жилищный кодекс РФ, Семейный кодекс РФ, Гражданский кодекс РФ, нарушение прав несовершеннолетнего, отчуждение жилого помещения.
Keywords: housing relations, family members, owner of residential premises, Housing Code of the Russian Federation, Family Code of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, violation of the rights of a minor, alienation of residential premises.
Одной из проблем правого регулирования жилищных отношений является проблема защиты прав граждан, являющихся членами семьи собственника жилого помещения.
Кто же признаётся членом семьи собственника жилого помещения? Для уяснения этого вопроса в юридической литературе предлагалось понятие «член семьи собственника жилого помещения» разбить на три составляющие: член семьи, собственник, жилое помещение. Первое понятие относится к семейному, второе - к гражданскому, а третье - к жилищному законодательству. «Жилое помещение» закреплено нормами Жилищного кодекса РФ (ст.15).1 Понятие «собственник» раскрывается в
Гражданском кодексе РФ (Раздел II Право собственности и другие вещные права). Понятие «член семьи» логично определять нормами семейного законодательства.
Анализ статьи 2 и статей раздела V «Алиментные обязательства членов семьи» Семейного кодекса РФ позволяет сделать вывод о том, что к членам семьи семейное законодательство относит: супругов, родителей и детей, усыновителей и усыновленных.2 Кроме того, членами семьи можно считать также в случаях, установленных Семейным кодексом РФ, также братьев и сестёр, внуков, дедушку и бабушку, пасынка и падчерицу, отчима и мачеху и других лиц.
1 Жилищный кодекс Российской Федерации от
29.12.2004 N 188-ФЗ (ред. от 28.06.2021) (с изм. и доп., вступ. в силу с 01.07.2021)
2 Семейный кодекс Российской Федерации от 29.12.1995 N 223-ФЗ (ред. от 02.07.2021)
