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Installation of the IR dryer of raw cotton
References:
1. Mamajanov R. R. Testing of field nodes metal trusses//Problems of Mechanics. - 2012. - № 2. - P. 66-69.
2. Mamajanov R. R. The results of the test superstructures through farms//Herald of TARI. - 2012. - № 1-2. - P. 89-95.
3. Vaynblat B. M. High-strength bolts in the construction ofbridges. - M.: Transport, 1971. - 166 p.
4. Klyukin A. J., Sheikin A. A. Experimental validation of the mathematical models of friction connections. Scientific Bulletin ofVoronej State Architecture and Construction University//Construction and architecture. - 2010. - № 3. - S. 93-98.
5. Lujin O. V. Probabilistic methods of analysis of structures. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983. - 94 p.
Rakhmatov Gulomjon Rahmonberdievich, Ferghana State University, senior researcher E-mail: [email protected]
Installation of the IR dryer of raw cotton
Abstract: The research offers the method of drying of raw cotton with pulsed IR radiation. Pulsed IR radiation is produced by functional ceramics of special preparation. Developed installation differentiates with energy savings and doesn't demand expenditure of hydrocarbon fuels.
Keywords: raw cotton, IR dryer, functional ceramics, radiant.
The process of drying wet materials is not only thermal, but also the process. Technical and energy parameters of the existing technologies of drying of agricultural products remains at the level of the 70s and the achievements to date using energy-intensive and expensive equipment.
In the present report indicated prospects of IR pulses in systems for drying agricultural products distinguished by their high operational parameters, low production costs and material consumption.
In recent years, it managed to develop a technology for functional ceramics, transforming primary energy pulsed infrared (IR) radiation and their widespread use in various fields of national economy [1, 472].
All materials were dried divided into three types: a capillary porous body, the body and colloidal colloidal capillary porous body. It is considered that the best effect in the drying process can be achieved in cases where the maximum light minimally absorbed by water and the base material. If we speak of thin layers of the objects, all substantially reduced to ensure that they do not overheat and retain their basic properties, it is also desirable to reduce power consumption and time [2, 69-73]. Not least take ease of use and reliability of the devices. In thin layers ofpoorly problem manifests solvent diffusion from the interior of the product to be dried. When it comes to thick layers, this problem comes in the first place, since she is the slowest step of the drying process and the total rate will be determined by it. The vacuum drying, vacuum it helps to speed up this step. But they are complex structures and high costs, as well as the practical difficulties of operating such systems.
The easiest solution to the problem — is to use pulses of high density at a low average power. Assume that the depth ofpenetration of the power P IR is for example 2 mm. If we will provide a pulse of radiation density 100 times greater, in order to obtain the same energy density within the product at the same extinction coefficient (specific penetration particular wavelength of radiation per unit thickness), the radiation penetration depth will increase approximately by the same factor. To ensure that the product is not spoiled due to overheating, we need approximately 100 pulse durations not give any energy. Characteristically, it is now possible to significantly increase the average power as the energy is distributed not only on the target surface of the product, but also by volume. Furthermore, since the diffusion of solvent from the inner layer greatly increased, it is unnecessary to capture energy and the product cools. When observed under pulsed, to select
the optimal wavelength infrared radiation and correctly calculate the gas dynamics, the product can be heated when it is actually heated, below the ambient temperature. In light of the foregoing ceramics was developed, transforming the primary continuous radiation source in pulsed infrared radiation [3, 74-77; 4, 69-73].
Why Choose infrared is clear — this is an area of water absorption. At first glance it seems that the more the power of the pulses, the better and more efficient will be the drying process. In reality it is not so. The reason is that if the pulses are too powerful, they are too far and most of the energy is lost, is not absorbed by the product. If you go back to the version that we saw when the pulse power exceeds the average 100 times the penetration depth for the same given level of illumination to be about 500 mm. The thickness of the product is only 100-200 mm. At the same time a large part of the energy Un-absorbed lost. Theoretically, this thickness should be increased in the pulse power (30-60) 2 = (15-30) time [5, 1].
For drying the raw cotton used as emitters quartz tube 10 mm in diameter on the surface of which ceramic coated with pulverized grain size of 40-60 microns, which was placed Nichrome spiral. The thickness of the ceramic layer was about 20-40 microns. Studies ceramic radiation spectrum caused by the filament by radiation, showed that the spectrum contains pulses ceramic IR wavelength ~ 16 microns and a duration of about 10 microseconds. Radiators 1000 mm. long attached to the individual blocks are connected in series pairs and connects the power supply 220 (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Transmitter unit: 1 - 010 emitters of quartz tube; 2 - connection voltage
In order to use the installation in the factory, we have developed plant for drying cotton column type (Fig. 2).
Section 10. Technical sciences
Fig. 2. Show Desktop drying device raw cotton
On Fig. 2: 1 - raw cotton; 2 - rack; 3 - block radiators; 4 - conveyor belt; 5 - clips; 6 - hopper for feeding of raw cotton (the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the conveyor belt).
Total installation — 7500 mm. length, width — 1500 mm., height — 2200 mm. The speed of the rotating movement of the conveyor belt 0.25 m/s. With such a belt speed, in the drying installation with 7.5 tons of seed cotton per hour allows wherein reduce humidity of 2-3 %.
Currently, the ginneries mostly installed two gin (voloknoot-delitelnye machine) brand of DP-130 or DPC-180, the performance of which, depending on the varieties of raw cotton is 12-14 m/hour.
If necessary, depending on the level of raw cotton moisture can change the intensity of the infrared radiation, the length/width or speed of the conveyor belt.
References:
1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
Lykov A. V Drying theory. - M.: Energia, 1968. - 472 p.
Saidov M. S., Ashurov M. H. Pottery with two-pulse energy barrier and thermal radiation//Solar technology. - T.: 2002. - № 3. - S. 69-73. Rakhimov A. D., Saidov M. S. Ceramic converters of solar energy in the therapeutic infrared radiation//Solar technology. - T.: 2002. - № 3. - S. 74-77.
Rahimov A. D., Ermakov V P., Mahamedova M. A. Application of functional ceramics, synthesized in the Big solar furnace in the drying process//Solar technology. - T.: 2002. - № 4. - P. 69-73. Pat. Statement №IAP 2011 0506. 06.12.2011. iskh. № 11468.
Romanov Andrey Aleksandrovich, LLC «AkvaStroyMontazh», Saint Petersburg, Russia, Director General E-mail: [email protected]
Use of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) casing pipes in water supply well construction
Abstract: The article contains the information about the practical experience of the use of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) casing pipes in water supply well construction as exemplified by the work of LLC «AkvaStroyMontazh», one of the pioneers of this technology in the northwest of the Russian Federation. The development of the technology is described in detail: the reason of its appearance, difficulties faced in the process of its implementation, obtained economic effect and a broad range of non-economic advantages.
Keywords: Water supply well, uPVC pipes, well construction, well installation, well deviation, drilling mud.
The article presents Russian experience of the use of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) casing pipes in water supply well construction. The use of plastic pipes allows accelerating the performance of works, reducing their production cost and human factor effect. A technology of well drilling in the shifting soil was developed for the purpose of successful application of uPVC pipes in the drilling works on the territory of the Leningrad region.
The importance of the underground waters in the supply of drinking water to the population both in Russia and the world in the whole is steadily growing [3, 22-28]. This is mainly promoted by the following factors:
• pollution of the surface water sources;
• development of the so-called suburban construction and the increased significance of autonomous water supply related to it, the optimal way of installation of which is the use of underground waters;
• improvement of drilling technology.
Over 300 million water supply wells have been drilled in the world in the last 25-30 years. For instance, about a million water
supply wells, the water of which is used not only for domestic needs, but also for irrigation and technical water supply, are drilled annually in the USA [5, 1-2]. In this respect, innovative technologies for water supply well construction with the use of progressive technologies and materials are becoming increasingly important.
In Russia, well drilling, as a technological direction, generally has a powerful scientific support, which, in fact, is not homogeneous for different segments of the industry. If the researches of drilling and, broadly, construction of wells intended for exploration and extraction of raw hydrocarbon deposits engage numerous highly qualified scientific personnel, whose work results in a significant volume of innovative technical experience, the scientific support of water supply well drilling is insufficient. But, that does not mean that this direction doesn't develop — there are new technical solutions and, from time to time, real technological breakthroughs. However, their driving power most often lies in the efforts of skilled production workers who implement progressive technologies at their own risk.
