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JEL: L26, O32
DOI: 10.52174/1829-0280_2021_4_140
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1 Schumpeter J.A., The theory of economic development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934, p. 255.
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3 Sb'u Baumol W.J., Entrepreneurship, management, and the structure of payoffs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993, t2 312: Drucker P., Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. New York: Harper & Row, 1985, t2 108-109:
4 Sb'u Edison H., Ali N.B., Torkar R., Towards innovation measurement in the software industry. Journal of Systems and Software, No 86(5), 2013, t2 1394:
5 Sb'u U^M, U"bpnTwpwhwL|wh h2nLJhbp hhn^wghwjh 4h6wl|wqpnLpjwh ^bpwpbpjw[, 2017, t2 8, https://www.armstat.am/file/article/met_notes_for_innovation_statistics_arm.pdf
6 Sb'u Marta Peris-Ortiza, Joäo J.M. Ferreirab, Cristina I. Fernandes, Do total early-stage entrepreneurial activities (TEAs) foster innovative practices in OECD countries? 2017, t2 8:
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7 Sh'u Romer P., Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political, Economy-98, 1990 t2 71-72:
8 Sh'u Schumpeter J.A., The theory of economic development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934, t2 257: Aghion Ph., Howitt P., A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica, 60(2), 1992, t2 323:
9 Sh'u Waasdorp P., Innovative entrepreneurship: A Dutch policy perspective in Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands: Innovative entrepreneurship. New policy challenges: Snijders J., Laag A. van der, (Ed.), EIM Business & Policy Research, 2002, t2 27, 42:
Sh'u Dahlstrand A. L., Stevenson L., innovative entrepreneurship policy: Linking innovation and entrepreneurship in a European, Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, vol.1, 2010, t2 1-2:
10 Sh'u hnLjh mhqjQ:
11 Sh'u Acs Z.J., Desai S., Hessels J., Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions. Small Bus Econ 31, 2008, t2 232: Gemconsortium, «GEM 2013 Global Report», t2 13, 38-40: Aparicio S., Urbano D., Gomez D., The role of innovative entrepreneurship within Colombian business cycle scenarios: A system dynamics approach. Futures, 2016, t2 132-134, 141-145:
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ЪnpшpшpшLшЪ ÖЬnЪшpLшm^pпLpJПLЪQ q^mшLшЪ hшdЬdшmшpшp Ъnp mq-^т^тЪ t, шпшЪ0Ъш|Ь ПL2Ш^pпLpJПLЪ t nwpÖ^L hшmLшщЬи dшdшЪшLш-Lhg hЬфЪшLЪЬp^Ъ U ^pd qpшLшЪпLpJшЪQ: ^ш|шЪтр]шЪ ПLиПLdЪши^-pпLpJшЪ, hшdЬdшmпLpJшЪ U hшdш^pпLpJшЪ шp^.JПLЪfПLd d2шL4ЬL t pЬdшJ^ qpшLшЪпLpJшЪ hшdшLшpq4шö шdфпфпLd:
-шЪш|ш|шЪ 4ЬpLПLÖПLpJПLЪЪЬp^ hшdшp пpцЬи тЬ^Ь|шт^ш|шЪ ш^-pjnLp ЬЪ 6шпш]Ь[ ÖЬnЪшpLшm^pпLpJшЪ 4ЬpшpЬpJШL 4hбшLшqpпLpJшЪ hш-
14 SЬ'и Ordenana X., Vera-Gilces P., Zambrano-Vera J., High-growth or innovative entrepreneurship, who is leading the way to economic growth? A panel data approach, 2019, t2 22-24:
15 S^u Henrekson M., Johansson D., Gazelles as job creators: a survey and interpretation of the evidence, Small business economics, 35(2), 2010, t2 240-241:
"ъппипиг^га-зпьъ ьо. чпгаг^га-зпкь 145
4шfшqpJшJp L nLunLJhшuhpnLpjшJp шфф рш^ 22 тшр^ 115 bplphbpnLJ qpш^4n^. «ЭbпhшplnLpjnLhhbph hш Jш2^шphшJhh Jnhhsnph» («Global Entrepreneurship Monitor» (GEM))16 ^n^J^g J2шl4ш& hnpшpшpшlшh ЙЬп-^p^m^pmp^hh шп^фт. m4JШLhbpp: ^ш^ш^ш^ш^ ^bpinL&nLp^h ^щш-тш^п^ oqmшqnp&4bL bh hшL rn^^hbp <ш Jш2^шphшJhh mhmbuшlшh $npmJh In^Jhg J2ш^4ш6 <шJш2^шphшJhh JpgnLhшlnLpjшh qblnLjghg17 L <шJш2^шphшJhh hnpшpшpnLpjшh ^h^bfu^g18:
Lnpшpшpш^шh ЙbпhшplшmhpnLpjnLhh nL mhrnbunLpjnLhp phnL^qpnq.
шд qnp&nhhbph J^L 1шщр qhшhшmbLnL hщшmш^n4 hnpшpшpшlшh ЙЬп-hшplшmhpnLpjшh 4bpшpbpJШL m4JШLhbpp ^bpinL&^bl. bh <шJш2^шphшJhh pшhlh In^Jhg J2ш^4ш6 «World Bank Open Data» m4JШLhbph pшqшJnLJ шп-1ш' Jbl 2h^h hш24n4 ^Ъи. (qhnтnLhшlnLpjшh hшJшpdbfnLpJшh ^.pny^^-фпф gnLgшhh2h, ^hhhh qnp^lgh, qnp&шqplnLpjшh Jшlшp^.шlh L штрш-rnmp^h gnLgшhh2h hbs hшJш^.pnLpjшh J^gngn^:
^bpim&mpjnLb: bplphbph J^L hnpшpшpшlшh ЙbпhшplшmhpnLpjшh mшp-pbpnLpjnLhhbpp qhшhшmb|nL L ^ш шпшhЙhшhшmlnLpjnLhhbpp 4bphшhb|nL hщшmш^n4, oqmшqnp64bL t ЭbпhшplшmhpnLpjшh hш Jш2^шphшJhh qb-InLjgh ^n^Jhg J2ш^4ш6 hnpшpшpшlшh ЙbпhшplшmhpnLpjшh Jшlшp^.шlh gnLgшhh2p: ^bpg^hu, pum qblnLjgh Jbpn^.шpшhnLpjшh, uшhJшh4nLJ t np-^bu шJh ЙbпhшplnLpjnLhhbph l2hn, npnhf h2nLJ bh, np hpbhg шpmш^.pшhfp ^J 6шпшJnLpJnLhp hnp t шпh4шqh npLt Jh 2m^jmJ, L np fh^ ^J n^ Jh Jpgшl|hg Йbпhшp^nLpJnLh ^h шпш2шplnLJ hnLjh шpmш^.pшhfp:
Uju^bu' rn^^hbpp фшumnLJ bh, np hnpшpшpшlшh ЙbпhшplшmhpnL-p^h gnLgшhh2n4 шпш2шmшpp UjnLfubJpnLpqh t, nprnb^ uluhшl Йbпhшp-^mhpnLp^h Jbg hbpqpш44ш6hbph qpbpb lbup (47,9%-p) h2nLJ bh, np ЙbпhшplnLpJnLhp, npnLJ hbpqpш44ш6 bh, nLhh hnp шщpшhр lшJ &шпш]т-pjnLh: UjnLfubJpnLpqhh l^2np^.nLJ bh Qhlhh (47,6%) L <h^lшumшhp (46,9%): Ъш^ ^bmf t фшит^, np hnpшpшpшlшh ЙbпhшplшmhpnLpJшh Jш-^p^lh фш mшpш6ш2p2шhh шq^.bgnLpJnLhp 2шт pnLj[ t: <ш-
pш4шJhh U$phlmh bplphbpnLJ hnpшpшpшlшh ЙbпhшplшmhpnLpJшh Jш-^p^lh hшJbJшmшpшp gш6p [hhb|nLh, JjnLu mшpш6ш2P2шhhbpnLJ Jh2hh gnLgшhh2hbpp JhJJшhg pш4шlшhhh Jnm bh: Pшgh n^hhg, шп1ш тфш[-hbph hhJшh фш Jbp J2шlш6 nbqpbuhnh Jn^.b|p hnyh^bu фшumnLJ t hn-pшpшpшlшh ЙbпhшplшmhpnLpJшh фш mшpш6ш2p2шhh шq^.bgnLpJшh ^ш-фшqшhg pnLj[ |hhb|nL Jшuhh:
16 Sb'u https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/1874
17 Sb'u «<шJш2^шphшJhh JpдnLhшlnLpJшh qblnLjg», https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2020
18 Sb'u <шJш2^шphшJhh hnpшpшpnLpJшh hh^bgu, https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/
Я-¿шщшm^Ьp 1. Ьпршршрш^шЬ дЬпЬшр^шцт^ртр/шЬ ¡ш^шрцш^р
(2018 p. U 2019 p ip^bbp), %'9
t, np qшpqшgшö ЬpLpвЬpnLJ шпш[Ь[ pшpöp t вnpшpшpш-|шв ÖЬпвшpLшmhpnLpjшв JшLшprç.шLQ, ^U Qhlh^ U <вrç.LшumшвQ 2Ьп[nLJ Ьв шJu ophhш^шфnLpjnLhhg: Lnye шprç.JnLв£в t фшumnLJ ^U фóшLшqpш-|шв qвшhшmшLшвQ. ЬLшJnLmвЬph U вnpшpшpшLшв ÖЬпвшpLшmhpnL-^шв JшLшprç.шLh Jh2U шп^ш t npn2ш^h П■PшLшв ^шц (Corr. = 0.43):
Uju ш п| iuj n Lpj шв Jшuhв t [L ш] n L J вшU Jh 2шpf шд iurç_pjnLp-
вЬpnLJ шп|ш m[JШLвЬph nLunLJвшuhpnLpjnLвQ, ш^щЬ^ <шJш2^шphшJhв JpgnLвш^nLpJшв qЬ^nLJgh 12-prç. gnLgшвh2Q,20 ш]в t' ЬpLpnLJ вnpшpшpnL-^шв | ш pnrçnLpj nLe Q U <шJш2^шphшJhв вnpшpшpnLpJшв he^euh21 вnpш-pшpnLpJшв Ь|рш^в Ьвpшhв^ЬfUQ:
19 ^ôшцшmLЬpQ ^ш|Ь[ t ^^^Lq, m[jШ[вЬpQ^ GEM m^^^pln pшqш, https://www.gemconsortium.org/data/key-aps
20 S^u «<шJш2^шphшJhв JpgnLвшLnLpJшв qЬLnLJg», https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2020
21 Stfu <шJш2^шphшJhв вnpшpшpnLpJшв he^h^u, https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/
ъпгигигп^зпьъ ьо. чггаг^га-зпкь 147
100 90 80 • 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
150
R2 = 0.5233
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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р)
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hh^bu ^pb|h t sbuhb[, Jb^ 2^h hш24n4 ^U U ш]и bp^rn дтдш-hh2hbph hш Jшrç.pnLpJnLhh ш^шпт t nwpÖhmJ b^JnLmhbph U
hnpшpшpnLpJшh Jh2U ^шщр:
'ЪJшh ^шц^ шn^шJnLpJnLhQ, hhшp^Ь, ^pb|h t pшgшmpЬL hpшhnф np hnpшpшpnLpJnLhQ hшóш^ щшhшh2nLJ t Ьp^шpшdшJ^Ьm hbpqpmJhbp, hu^ Ьp^шpшdшJ^Ьm hbpqpmJhbp ^шmшpЬ|nL hhшpш4npnLpJnLhhЬph Jbô bh pшpöp b^JnLmhbp mhbgnq bp^phbph 2P2шhnLJ, Jhh^qbn gшöp U Jh2hh b^JnLmhbp mhbgnq bp^phbpmJ pb' ^bmnLpjnLhQ U pb' Jшuhш4np hшm4шönLJ qnpônq umpjb^rnhbpQ ит^ц^шб bh b^JnLmhbph Jbô ^2hnQ mpшJшqpЬL Qhpшgh^ öш^uЬph hpш^шhшgJшhQ:
<шJшumшhQ 5C bp^phbph 2шpfnLJ ш]и gnLgшhh2n4 27-prç. rnbqmJ t: ЧшpUnp t hшU ш]и gnLgh^Q hшJшrç.pЬL u^uhш^ ÖЬnhшp^шmhpnLpJшh Jш-^prçw^h hbs (ÖЬnhшp^nLpJnLhhЬp, npnhg шnш2hh ^шбшп^д ^h шhgЬL шЦЬф ^h 42 шJhu): U^uhш^ ÖЬnhшp^шmhpnLpJшh ^ш]ши-
mшhQ шnш2шmшphЬph 2шpfnLJ t' 7-prç. rnbqmJ, шJuhhfh, ^pb|h t фши-тЬ[, np шд bp^phbph hшJЬJшmnLpJшJp <шJшumшhnLJ 2шт bh Öbn-
hЬpЬgnLpJшh ÖqmmJ rnhbgnqhbpQ, hpшhg Jbô Jшuhh ^h hш2nq4nLJ hnpшpшp ÖЬnhшp^шmЬp: Uju фшитр ^numJ t hnpшpшpш^шh ^pnrçnL-PJшh, Ьhpш^шnnLg4шöfhЬph n^ pш4шpшp Jш^шprç.ш^h Jшuhh:
U"hUhnLjh dшJшhш^, m^^pc фшumnLJ bh, np hшJЬph hpbhg 2шт шЦЬф bh hnpшpшp hшJшpnLJ bh, ^h hpш^шhnLJ t: и^щЬи1 <ш]шитш-hnLJ JnLpшpшh^JnLp 5-hg 4-q hшumшmnLJ t, np «Jшprç.h^ hpbh 2шш hnpш-pшp bh hшJшpnLJ», U ш]и gnLgшhh2n4 £шJшumшhQ hnpшpшpnLpJшh ЦЬ-pшpЬpJШL шпш^Ь pшpöp hhfhшq.hшhшmш^шh mhbgnq bp^phbph тши^ш-IjnLJ t (8-p^d' 5C-hg U 2-prç.Q1 UpUb^h Ь^пщш^ 9 bp^phg): Ü.Juцhuh sup-
22 ^ôшщшml|ЬphЬp|^ t ИЬ^^шЬцл:
pЬpnLpJnLвQ gnLjg t тш^, рЬ npfшв t qЬpшqвшhшm[шö вnpшpшpnLрjшв JшLшp^шLQ ЬpLpnLJ: Qh LшpЬLh ¿в2Ь[, np Jh 2шpf шд ЬpLpвЬpnLJ вnLJвщЬu ШJU ЬpUnLJрв шп|ш t, uшLшJв <ШJШumшвQ qЬpшqвшhшmJшв JшLшprç.ш-|n[ шпш2hввЬphg t23: Ujuhe^e' <ШJШumшвnLJ вnpшpшpnLрjnLвQ U вш^ш-ÖЬпвn^шLшвnLрJnLвQ qnpöвшLшвnLJ pш[шLшвш^шф ^Ьв hpшqnpö[nLJ:
S[JШLвЬpQ [[Lш]nLJ Ьв вш^ np hв^чЬu <ШJШumшвh, ШJвщЬu t[ npn2 шд ЬpLpвЬph цшpшqшJnLJ ÖЬпвшpLnLрJnLввЬph LnnJhg вЬpLшJшg[шö вnp ш^шввд, öшпшJnLрJnLвQ JЬö JшuшJp вnp Ьв JhшJв т[|ш[ ЬpLph LшJ hшJшJвfh JшLшprç.шLnLJ, hu| hшJш2^шphшJhв 2nLLшJnLJ вnpшpшpnLрjnLв-вЬpQ pш[шLшв hшq[шrç.Ьщ Ьв,24 hв^h ЧшmóшпвЬphg t Jh2шqqшJhв Jш-Lшp^шLnLJ шпш[Ь[ ^hus JpgшLgnLрJnLвQ:
LnpшpшpшLшв ÖЬпвшpLшmhpnLрJшв JшLшprç.шLQ U mвmЬunLрjшв Jh2U |шцв шпш[Ь[ JшвpшJшuв hшuLшвшLnL hшJшp JЬвf ^швр U Jh ^h JшLpnmвmЬuшLшв gnLgшвh2вЬp hшJшrç.pЬL Ьвр: <hJвшLшв шprç.-JnLвfвЬpQ цшmLЬp[шö Ьв qöшцшmLЬp 3-nLJ:
иц 2W hiU2ilnii4bU. (РРР) Sh^hfi дпрЬшЦЦд
10 20 за до so г. .- за jo 50
Ъпгшпшрш^шЪ ¿ЬпишпЦштЬгпцэрЬ и1ршпшпш^шЬйЬг11|шрЦш1л||р|и0Э]шЬ Ju]lfij[irvi]l{Q.%
Я-¿шщшm^Ьp 3. Ьпршршрш^шЬ дЬпЬшр^шр^ртрциЬ ¡шЦшрцшЦр U ipbipbuiu^iub дтдшЬ^ЬЬр^! 1/шщЬ pus Ьр^рЬЬр^ (%)25
bLшJnLmвЬph U вnpшpшpшLшв ÖЬпвшpLшmhpnLрJшв JшLшprç.шLh Jh2U шп|ш ^ш|шв |шцв шprç.Ьв fввшpL[Ьg [tpUmJ: t в2Ь[, np в^
pшpшpшLшв ÖЬпвшpLшmhpnLрJnLвQ фп^|шч[ш6 t n^ Jhшjв ЬLшJnLmвЬph JшLшp^шLh, шд вшU ЬLшJnLmвЬph 2Ьpsш[npJшв шumhóшвQ gnLjg ^hh qnp^Lgh hЬm: Чш^, hв^чЬu LшpЬLh tp ш|в|ш|Ь[, pшgшuшLшв t. npfшв pшpöp t ^hh qnp^LhgQ, ш^ршв ЬpLpnLJ швhш[шuшp Ьв pш2^-
23 S^u «ЭЬпвшpLшmhpnLрJшв qЬLnLJg. Cu^umi^ - 2019/2020»:
24 Stfu GEMConsortium, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2020 Global Report:
25 ^ôшщшmLЬpвЬpQ t ^^uLq, m[jШ[вЬpQ^ Gemconsortium, GEM m[jШ[вЬph puqu, https://www.gemconsortium.org/data/key-aps, pшвLh s^u^p^i puqu:
"bnnunur^^nM. bo. ^nraf^ra^nM. 149
[[nLd blmdmshbpp: ^musnpbh, npfmh pmpóp t hnpmpmpmlmh óbnhmp-Impjmh dmlmp^mlp bplpnLd, mjhfmh m[b[h bh ^pmlmh
pmpóp blmdmshbpp U qpm^g hmdm^m^ pm2^nLdp:
^bsf t ^mU, np hnpmpmpmlmh óbnhmplms^pmpjmh dmlmp^m-l^ U qnp&mqplmpjmh dmlmp^ml^, ^qbu ^mU hnpmpmpmlmh óbnhmp-Ims^pmpjmh dmlmp^ml^ U mqfmsmpjmh dmlmp^ml^ d^U ^n^m^mpó ml^bpU ^mq ^ hmjshmpbp[b|;
Lnpmpmpmlmh óbnhmplms^pmpjmh dmlmp^ml^g pmg^ hmU un-g^m[-shsbumlmh pmpb|w[nLdhbp^ hmuhbm U mnm[b[ db& mpdbf usbq-6b|nL ImpUnp qpm[m^m^ t óbnhmplms^pmpjmdp qpmq[b|nL ^p^mqmrn-dns^[wg^mj^ nLumdhmu^pnLpjnLhp, fmh^ np, ^.pmhg^g lm^[w&, óbnhmplmsbpp Impnq t nLhbhm[ mjhq^u^ uqmumdhbp U óqsmdhbp, npnhf Impnq bh mq^b[ hnpmpmpmlmh óqsmdhbp^ U mpqjmhf^ [pm26:
Ch^hmhrnp mndmdp, óbnhmplms^pmpjmdp qpmq[b|nL dns^[wg^mh ^mpb[h t pmdm^b[ bplnL ^dp^. mhhpmd^snLpjmh^g ^qbu op^-
hml' mqpmus^ d^ng [musmlb|nL hmdmp, U pmpb|w[dmhh mqq[w&, qbu op^hml' m2^mphp ^npóbm hmdmp:
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26 Sb'u Urbano D., Aparicio S., Querol V., Social progress orientation and innovative entrepreneurship: an international analysis, 2016, tg 1041, 1055:
27 ^&wqwml|bpp d2m^b[ t hbqh^m^p, m[jw|bbp' GEM 2018 p , 2019 p, 2020 p:
Uju qnpönввЬph hшJш^pnLрJшв Jh2ngn[ LшpЬLh t ЬpLpвЬpQ rç.шuш-LшpqЬL ^npu ^Jph'
• I ^nnprç.' «шпш2 Jrçnrç». ЬpLpвЬp, npnвf вnpшpшp Ьв, U npnвg вцшmшLQ ^pшLшв фnфn^nLрJnLввЬpв Ьв:
• II ^nnprç.' «hшpLшrç.p[шö вnpшpшp». ЬpLpвЬp, npnвgnLJ pшpЬ|ш[Ь-LnL Jnmh[шghшв hшJЬJшmшpшp gшöp t, uшLшJв, ^вш]ш6 ^шв, в npш pш pnLpjnLввЬpQ mшpшö[шö Ьв фвод, Qum JЬq, Lшpn^ t ЧШ]-Jшвш[np[шö LhвЬL 2nLLшJшLшв JnLpшhшmnLL JpgшLgnLрJшJp):
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OqmшqnpöЦшö qpш^шbшpjшfa
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АКОП ТАРПОШЯН
Аспирант Академии государственного управления Республики Армения
Инновационное предпринимательство в контексте экономического развития.- Инновации являются двигателем экономики, разрабатываются и в основном внедряются инновационными предприятиями. Эта область является сравнительно новым научным направлением, несмотря на то, что инновационное предпринимательство играет жизненно важную роль в решении экономических, социальных и экологических проблем.
В рамках данного исследования нами прежде всего изучена сущность инноваций и инновационного предпринимательства. На основе обзора литературы разработана концепция полного определения инновационного предпринимательства. Это определение может служить методологической базой для дальнейших научных исследований и статистического анализа. Мы также провели сравнительный анализ данных об уровне инновационного предпринимательства в разных странах (в том числе в сочетании с предпринимательской мотивацией), чтобы понять потенциал стран.
Кроме того, чтобы получить представление о роли инновационного предпринимательства в экономике, была проанализирована взаимосвязь между уровнем инновационного предпринимательства и другими факторами, характеризующими экономику, что может стать новым подходом для проведения дальнейших исследований в области инноваций и инновационного предпринимательства в Армении.
Ключевые слова: предпринимательство, инновации, инновационное предпринимательство, предпринимательская мотивация, цели устойчивого развития (ЦУР). JEL: L26, O32
DOI: 10.52174/1829-028 0_2021 _4_14 0 HAKOB TARPOSHYAN
PhD Student of the Public Administration Academy of the Republic of Armenia
Innovative Entrepreneurship in the Context of Economic Development.- Innovation is a natural engine that drives the economy, which is developed and mainly implemented by innovative enterprises. This field is a rather new scientific direction, despite the fact that innovative entrepreneurship plays a vital role in solving economic, social and environmental issues.
Within the framework of this paper, first of all, we have studied the essence of innovation and innovative entrepreneurship. A concept of a complete definition of innovative entrepreneurship has been developed based on the literature review. This definition can serve as a methodology for further scientific research and statistical analysis. We have conducted also comparative analysis of data on the level of innovative entrepreneurship in different countries (including by combining it with entrepreneurial motivation) to understand the potential of the countries.
In addition, in order to get an idea of the role of innovative entrepreneurship in the economy, the relationship between the level of innovative entrepreneurship and other factors that characterize the economy was analyzed. The latter can become a new perspective for further research in the field of innovation and innovative entrepreneurship in Armenia.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial motivation, sustainable development goals (SDG). JEL: L26, O32
DOI: 10.52174/1829-0280_2021_4_140