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1E.Dovranova
Lecturer of the department Applied chemistry Oguz han Engineering and technology university (Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
A.Egemberdiyeva
Lecturer of the department Applied chemistry Oguz han Engineering and technology university (Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
H. Tashliyeva
Student of the Chemical technology department Oguz han Engineering and technology university (Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
M.Haydarov
Student of the Chemical technology department Oguz han Engineering and technology university (Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING WATER FILTER MEMBRANE INTEGRATED WITH GRAPHENE OXIDE.
Abstract: This article explores an innovative technology for creating water filter membranes integrated with graphene oxide (GO). Graphene oxide's unique properties, including its high surface area and exceptional filtration efficiency, are harnessed to create membranes capable of removing a broad spectrum of contaminants from water. We discuss the methods employed for integrating GO into the membrane structure, highlighting the advantages and potential challenges associated with this approach. The article further delves into the performance characteristics of these novel membranes, including their filtration efficiency, selectivity, and durability. Finally, we explore the potential applications of GO-integrated membranes in various water treatment scenarios, emphasizing their promising role in addressing global water scarcity and pollution challenges.
Key words: Water filter membrane, Graphene oxide (GO), Water treatment, Contamination removal, Filtration efficiency, Selectivity, Durability, Water scarcity, Water pollution
Every year more than 800000 people die due to water scarcity. According to UNO statistics 2 billion people in the world suffer from water scarcity. In order to find a solution to that problems, this issue was included in SDG as a goal 6 ,,Clean water and sanitation''.
More than
100
MILLION
People Live ^^
in Areas of : 4
Poor Water
Quality ^
k.
Picture 1 - Worldwide water scarcity.
Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have shown a great potential for desalination and water purification.
Picture 2 - Water filter membrane.
Graphene oxide (GO), a novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based material, has attracted a lot of attention recently with regard to the fabrication of water nanofiltration membranes; this is because of its excellent mechanical properties, atomically thin thickness, excellent dispersion in water, and ease of forming high-quality lamellar
structures with sub-nanometer nanochannels1-5. Various solutionbased deposition methods using water as an environmentally friendly solvent, have been used for depositing small-area GO membranes on porous substrates for water purification studies.[2] Graphene oxide (GO) is a layered material composed of graphene planes randomly decorated by oxygen - containing groups - carbonyl, hydroxyl, epoxy, carboxyl, etc.[3]
Picture 3 - Graphene oxide structure.
Membranes formed from graphene oxide flakes possess selective permeability for polar liquids, hydrated ions, and gases. Targeting higher water permeance, ultrathin GO membranes have been prepared and investigated for water purification.
Picture 4 - GO water filter membrane.
GO nanosheets are typically prepared based on the Hummers, Brodie, or Staudenmaier method or various modifications of these methods. The oxidative treatment of graphene creates hydrophilic hydroxyl, carboxyl, and epoxide groups on its surface. Recently, a modified Hummers' method developed by Marcano et al. has become another popular route, and this method provides a larger number of hydrophilic oxidized graphene sheets than the original method. Although the degree of oxidation cannot be precisely controlled via these preparation methods, the properties of the resulting GO-incorporated membranes are generally improved.GO plays an important role in the preparation of functionalized graphene-polymer membranes and is believed to be the most cost-effective functionalized graphene for the industrial and commercial uses of these membranes. [4]
There are several methods of obtaining graphene oxide (GO) that are different from each other according to the oxidizing agent and acidic nature.
• Brodie (KClO3, HNO3)
• Staudenmeir (KQO3, H2SO4HNO3)
• Hummer's and Hoffman's (KMnO4, H2SO4 )
• Improved Hummer's (KMnO4, H2SO4H3PO4)
• Modified Hummer's (KMnO4, H2SO4NNO3 ) [5]
The method that was used in this experiment includes the KMnO4 as an oxidizing agent and H2SO4, H3PO4 as an acidic nature. The material that was used as a raw material is graphite. The ratio of an oxidizing agent, acids and graphite is 5:10:1 respectively. Sonication was used in order to get a reduced graphene oxide.
Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as an excellent membrane material. The ease in making atomically thin GO layers in the form of membrane provides an edge over other membranes for their practical applications. Graphene, in general, does not allow anything
60 40 20 0
to pass through. Graphene oxide(GO) is continuously demonstrating its excellent membrane characteristics and offer huge potential for real applications.
In this experiment the graphene oxide (GO) membrane was obtained by pressurization method. In order to make the graphene oxide easier to pressurize the coconut oil was used as a joining material.
Picture 5- Graphene oxide (GO) membrane based water filter.
Graphene oxide (GO) membrane based water filter was analyzed in laboratory conditions and showed water purification function is shown in Table 1.
54,72
36,48
w Sai
Magnesium ion
Chloride ion H Sample U Sodium nitrate y Phosphoric acid
Hardness
У Sample У Sodium nitrate У Phosphoric acid
Table 1- Concentration and Hardness of water of ions (in mg\L)
REFERENCES:
1. Highly stable graphene-oxide-based membranes with superior permeability. Khalid Hussain Thebo1,2, Xitang Qian1,3, Qing Zhang1,3, Long Chen1,2, Hui-Ming Cheng 1,4 & Wencai Ren 1.
2. Graphene Oxide: A Novel 2-Dimensional Material in Membrane Separation for Water Purification. Mahdi Fathizadeh, Weiwei L. Xu, Fanglei Zhou, Yeomin Yoon, and Miao Yu*.
3. Printing Ultrathin Graphene Oxide Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification. Mahdi Fathizadeh,a Huynh Ngoc Tien, a Konstantin Khivantsev, a Jung-Tsai Chen a and Miao Yu.
4. Review. Graphene oxide: the new membrane materialR.K. Joshia,*,f, S. Alwarappanb, M. Yoshimurac, V. Sahajwallaa, Y. Nishina
5. Graphene Oxide: A Novel 2-Dimensional Material in Membrane Separation for Water Purification. Mahdi Fathizadeh, Weiwei L. Xu, Fanglei Zhou, Yeomin Yoon, and Miao Yu*.
