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INNOVATIVE ELECTRICAL UNIT FOR TREATMENT OF ANIMALS BY DIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF BLOOD
112 2 V Rudenok , N Kondrateva , R Bolshin , M Krasnolutskaya
department of Chemistry and Automated Electric Drive, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, 11
Student Street, Izhevsk 426069, Russian Federation Private educational institution of additional professional education "Educational and scientific
innovation center" Omega "
Abstract. The electrical installation for the treatment of staphylococcal infections of rabbits, dogs and calves, allowing direct electrochemical oxidation of blood is proposed. The setup consists of an extended platinum wire electrode up to 20 cm long, an adjustable DC rectifier, and two auxiliary electrodes made of electrically conductive material. The process of direct electrochemical oxidation of blood occurs on the surface of this platinum wire electrode inserted along the axis of the blood vessel. Preliminary laboratory tests have been carried out in a glass tube.
In the experiments, a solution containing a culture of staphylococci have been poured into a test tube. After the current passed through the system, staphylococci died. The atomic oxygen, which circulates during the spontaneous decomposition of the hypochlorite ion is the reason for the death of staphylococci was. In the anodically polarized region, the chlorine ion is oxidized to the chlorine atom. Two chlorine atoms form a molecule that interacts with water in a disproportionation reaction, forming a hypochlorite ion. Unstable hypochlorite decomposes to form atomic oxygen. Atomic oxygen is harmful to bacteria, viruses and their waste products. Host cells are genetically protected against the effects of atomic oxygen. The aim of our study is to develop an electrical installation for the treatment of infections in animals using the technology of direct electrochemical blood oxidation. The use of the proposed electrical installation have given positive results in the treatment of rabbits from staphylococcal infection, in the treatment of dogs and calves from pneumonia.
Keywords: electrical installation for the treatment of infections of animals, direct electrochemical oxidation of blood
Introduction
The constancy of the internal environment of an animal's body is the most important factor in its vitality and productivity. This is most clearly manifested in the example of the problem of ketosis in cows. Ketosis is an animal disease characterized by impaired carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, and is widely discussed in the literature. Works [3, 4, 6 10, 11] are devoted to the method of detecting this disease, its stabilization, and treatments. Signs of the disease are detected by blood tests [3], and other tests such as chromatography [11]. The treatment is also associated with exposure to the blood: the introduction of a glucose solution into the venous blood. Indicators for metabolic disorders by infrared spectroscopy of blood, systems for automatic monitoring of metabolic parameters are being developed [9, 11,]. The effectiveness of using anolyte for binding antibodies is being studied [10]. A photometric study of the content of ketones in the blood is described [4 6, 7]. Kondrateva N and others propose to use harmonic vibrations of the audio range
to improve the condition of animals [6]. The positive effect depends on the dose, that is, on the time of exposure [1, 2, 8]. It is important to pay attention to the energy savings in these electrical installations [12]. They got positive results. However, none of the described methods provides for the synthesis of drugs from the blood itself in a blood vessel.
Obviously, the method of treating animals by direct electrochemical oxidation of blood directly in a blood vessel, proposed in this article for the treatment of various diseases, is extremely relevant, especially since its use eliminates the need for antibiotics. The aim of our study was to develop an electrical installation for the treatment of infections in animals using the technology of direct electrochemical blood oxidation.
Matherials and Methods
To carry out the electrolysis process in a blood vessel, a platinum wire electrode with a diameter of 0.2-0.3 mm and a length of 200-300 mm is used. At one end of the electrode, a ball is formed with a diameter of 10-20% larger than the diameter of the wire. The ball is formed by plasma reflow of the end of the platinum electrode for its safe insertion, excluding trauma to the vessel. The platinum electrode is inserted through a syringe needle (like a mandrel) previously inserted into a blood vessel. After the introduction of platinum into the blood vessel along its entire length, the needle is removed in order to exclude the participation of the metal of the needle in the electrolysis process. The use of the plastic needle is another alternative. The tip of the wire remaining on the surface is bent to prevent its complete immersion in the vessel channel.
Conductive rubber electrodes are used to pass direct current through the system. They are applied to the surface of the skin near the ends of the wire electrode using gauze swabs moistened with saline. The current is passed through the electrodes using a regulated constant current source. The source itself was powered either from a 220V network, or from a small-sized lead-acid battery. The current in the electrode circuit is 2 - 3 milliamperes. The upper limit of the current value is limited by the appearance of pain at the point of contact of the patch rubber electrodes with the skin surface. In the selected current range, its passage is practically not felt by the treated animal. With the current of 10 mA, an unbearable pain sensation occurs.
Results and discussion
The technique of direct electrochemical oxidation of blood has been developed, which does not require the use of antibiotics in the treatment of animals. For the first time [5, 13, 14, 15, 16] the process of electrochemical oxidation of blood inside a blood vessel was performed. The chlorine ion, which is part of the sodium chloride in the blood plasma, is oxidized. The resulting molecular chlorine interacts with water by a disproportionation reaction to form a hypochlorite ion. Being unstable, it decomposes with the formation of atomic oxygen. Atomic oxygen destroys viruses and bacteria, as well as their waste products. At the same time atomic oxygen is safe for the animals cells. These cells are protected from the effects of atomic oxygen. The effectiveness of the described process has been successfully tested on various animals [15]. The experiments were carried out on rabbits with staphylococcal infection. Auricle vessels were used to insert the electrodes. Rabbits in the control group were treated with antibiotics, and were sick 2 - 3 days longer. Dogs were treated for stubborn skin diseases. The calves were treated with pneumonia. Three sessions of 15 minutes were performed with one day interval. The animals in the control groups were treated according to the standard technology. They were sick more severely and longer.
During the treatment of the dogs, morphological and biochemical blood tests were carried
out. Studies have shown that the electrochemical effect on the blood activates the production of erythrocytes, white blood cells, increases the level of hemoglobin in the blood, has a pronounced biostimulating and detoxifying effect. The treatment improves metabolic processes, increases the activity of the body's protective factors and promotes faster relief of the inflammatory reaction, healing of affected skin areas. In the treatment of skin diseases in dogs in a clinic, more detailed studies of the method were carried out using biochemical and other techniques.
The experiments were carried out on 18 mongrel dogs aged from 1.5 to 2 years and weighted from 20 to 30 kg, selected according to the principle of analogues. Was formed 3 groups of 6 animals each: control group - clinically healthy; the first and second experimental groups - with a diagnosis of weeping eczema. The control animals underwent morphological and biochemical blood tests. The data served as a control. The dogs of the first experimental group received drug treatment according to the scheme described below, without the use of direct electrochemical oxidation (PEE) of blood. Dogs of the second experimental group underwent drug treatment in combination with blood PEE. Eczema in the dogs was medically treated according to the generally accepted method by parenteral administration of glucocorticoids (at a dose of 4 mg / animal), gamavit (according to the instructions) and local treatment with antiseptic agents (terramycin).
The animals of the second experimental group additionally underwent PEE of blood using a device for detoxifying the body in order to treat endogenous and exogenous intoxication caused by the accumulation of various toxic substances. For this, a conductor made of platinum wire was inserted into the cavity of the lateral saphenous vein of the forearm. Two oppositely polarized electrodes were applied to the skin at the ends of the conductor, which were connected to a direct current source, and a current of 3 mA was passed for 15 minutes. The procedures were carried out ten times every other day. All sick animals before the experiment, and then after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, underwent clinical examination, morphological and biochemical blood tests.
Blood tests of the dogs from the control group showed that the main morphological and biochemical parameters were within the physiological norm. In the dogs of both experimental groups, the following changes in blood were noted before treatment: a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, increased ESR, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis.
The conducted studies of the content of erythrocytes in the blood during the treatment of animals with eczema using blood PEE showed an increase in erythrocytes number during all periods of the study. By the end of treatment they exceeded the control data by 2.78%. %. In the dogs of the first experimental group, by the end of therapy, the indicator was less by 8.33% in comparison with clinically healthy ones. The hemoglobin of the dogs of the first and second experimental groups before the experiment was 104.01.26 and 102.01.11 g / l, respectively. After the experiment - 125.03.6 and 135.04.0 g / l. In the dogs of the first experimental group it did not reach the control level by 6.72%, in contrast to the second experimental group. The data obtained indicate the beneficial effect of this method of treatment on the dynamics of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. The results of the experiments are shown in Table 1.
Indicators Animal groups Before treatment After 7 days
Eosinophils, % Control group 4.0±0.4*
1 group 7.5±0.47* 5.8+0.44*
2 group 7.5±0.73* 5.5+0.47*
Neutrophils Stab, % Control group 3.5±0.24*
1 group 5.2±0.18* 4.3+0.37*
2 group 5.3±0.23* 4.8+0.18*
Segmented neutrophils, % Control group 62.7±0.83*
1 group 55.5±0.84* 60.8+0.87*
2 group 55.7±0.73* 58.2+0.91*
Lymphocytes, % Control group 28.1±0.5*
1 group 30.0±0.80* 27.3+0.61*
2 group 29.8±0.72* 29.3+0.83*
Monocytes, % Control group 1 7±0 37****
1 group 1.8+0.34*** 1.8+0.34***
2 group 1 7±o 37**** 2.2+0.34**
Note: * - P<0,001, ** - P<0,002, *** - P<0,005, **** - P<0,01
It was found that the number of leukocytes in the blood of the dogs of the first and second experimental groups during the treatment tends to decrease. This occurs more intensively in the animals received blood PEE. As can be seen from Table 1, the number of eosinophils, stab neutrophils. This indicates the relief of allergic and inflammatory reactions. Neutropenia and lymphocytosis, indicating antigenic stimulation of the body, disappear by the end of treatment. But in the dogs of the first experimental group, there is a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes. This is probably a reaction to the administration of glucocorticoids. An immunosuppression can develop, leading in the future to a weakening of the body and the appearance of a new pathology in these animals. Such immunosuppression does not occur in the dogs of the second experimental group received blood PEE. That can be recommended as a way to increase immunity.
There is a positive dynamics of protein level in the animals of both experimental groups. But more pronounced changes are observed in the dogs that, in combination with drug treatment, underwent blood PEE. An increase in the level of protein metabolism also indicates an increase in the immune response from the animal's body in response to blood PEE.
Thus, the developed electrical installation for the treatment of animals using the technology of direct electrochemical blood oxidation showed that Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are important indicators in assessing the therapeutic effect of the above treatment regimens for eczema. Before treatment, the amount of AST in animals of the first and second experimental groups was 2.8 and 3.3 times higher than in clinically healthy animals,
respectively. However, the content of AST in the blood serum of dogs of the first experimental group, even by the end of treatment, exceeds the control data by 86.67%; and in dogs of the second experimental group, who received PEE with blood, only by 13.33%.
The ALT content in the blood of the dogs of the first and second experimental groups before treatment differed from those of clinically healthy animals by 2.2 and 2.4 times, respectively. Despite the rapid decrease in the amount of ALT in animals of both experimental groups, the content of this enzyme in dogs that received only drug treatment did not reach the level of clinically healthy ones and differed from it by 1.4 times. In the animals of the second experimental group, which were used in combination with the basic traditional therapy with blood PEE, the ALT index reached the level of clinically healthy dogs.
Conclusion
Thus, we have fulfilled the goal of our research. An innovative electrical device for the treatment of animals allows direct electrochemical oxidation of the blood, which causes a significant positive trend in laboratory parameters important for eczema, such as AST and ALT. Studies have also shown that the inclusion of PEE in the blood in the treatment of eczema has a beneficial effect on the dynamics of alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine and urea.
It should be emphasized that in the body of animals similar processes proceed without external interference. The animal's liver produces a special enzyme P-450, which is responsible for the oxidation of chlorine - ion to hypochlorite. Thus, the above-described electrolysis process only repeats and strengthens the mechanism known in nature for the struggle of an animal's body with a disease.
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112 2 V Rudenok , N Kondrateva , R Bolshin , M Krasnolutskaya
department of Chemistry and Automated Electric Drive, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, 11
Student Street, Izhevsk 426069, Russian Federation
2Private educational institution of additional professional education "Educational and scientific
innovation center" Omega "
ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОУСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ ПРЯМЫМ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИМ ОКИСЛЕНИЕМ КРОВИ
Руденок Владимир Афанасьевич1, Кондратьева Надежда Петровна1, Большин Роман
2 2 Геннадьевич , Краснолуцкая Мария Геннадьевна
1 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ижевская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия»: 426069, Ижевск, ул.
Студенческая, 11
Частное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Учебно—научный инновационный центр «Омега»
Аннотация. Предложена электротехническая установка для лечения от стафилококковых инфекций кроликов, собак и телят, позволяющая осуществлять прямое электрохимическое окисление крови. Установка состоит из протяженного платинового проволочного электрода длиной до 20 см, регулируемого выпрямителя постоянного тока и двух вспомогательных электродов из электропроводного материала. Процесс прямого электрохимического окисления крови происходит на поверхности этого электрода из платиновой проволоки, введенного в вдоль оси кровеносного сосуда. Предварительные лабораторные исследования были проведены в стеклянной трубке. В экспериментах в пробирку наливали раствор, содержащий культуру стафилококков. После прохождения тока по системе стафилококки погибали. Причиной гибели стафилококков был атомарный кислород, обращающийся при самопроизвольном разложении иона гипохлорита. В анодно поляризованной области ион хлора окисляется до атома хлора. Два атома хлора образуют молекулу, которая взаимодействует с водой в реакции диспропорционирования, образуя ион гипохлорита. Неустойчивый гипохлорит разлагается с образованием атомарного кислорода. Атомарный кислород вреден для бактерий, вирусов и продуктов их жизнедеятельности. Клетки хозяина имеют генетическую защиту от воздействия атомарного кислорода. Целью нашего исследования была разработка электротехнической установки для лечения от инфекций животных по технологии прямого электрохимического окисления крови. Применение предлагаемой электротехнической установки дало положительные результаты при лечении кроликов от стафилококковой инфекции, при лечении собак и телят от пневмонии.
Ключевые слова: электротехническая установка для лечения от инфекций животных, прямое электрохимическое окисление крови.
Руденок Владимир Афанасьевич1, кандидат хим. наук. доцент Кондратьева Надежда Петровна1, доктор техн. наук, профессор. Большин Роман Геннадьевич2, кандидат техн. наук. преподаватель Краснолуцкая Мария Геннадьевна2 кандидат техн. наук. преподаватель 1 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ижевская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия»: 426069, Ижевск, ул.
Студенческая, 11
2Частное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Учебно—научный инновационный центр «Омега»
