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21INJURIES IN THE ASPECT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL
PROBLEMS
Candidate of Medicine, Teaching Assistant Karataeva L. A.
Fourth Year Student, Saloydinov A. Sh.
Third Year Student Arifdjanova J. F.
Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute
Abstract. Injuries around the world has been steadily increasing, causing a huge public social and economic damage. A significant proportion of its structure make road traffic injuries, related to the most severe types of injuries.
Keywords: injury, traffic, accident, trauma, damage.
Introduction. Injuries are one of the most important medical and social problems of our time for the majority of countries in the world. The death of the most active groups leads to significant social and economic decline, which is reflected in the country's development process and its competitiveness at the international level. According to WHO, the world's average, from injuries sustained in an accident, every day killed 3 thousand people and injured or disabled nearly 40 million per year. The most common type of car injury is an injury from a moving vehicle collision with a pedestrian. This injury is mainly produced pedestrians moving along the road or passing it.
A characteristic of modern categories of damage to road traffic injuries became poly trauma. It should be emphasized that the structure of the combined damage of traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes a qualitatively new features in its pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment. Combined TBI is characterized by simultaneous damage to the brain, which leads to disruption of higher regulatory activity and internal organs, musculoskeletal system, spinal cord, and others. In connection with the increase in the number of vehicle collision injuries get several people, which can create some difficulties in providing assistance to both at the scene and in hospitals.
Injuries in road accidents can be considered as a medical and social problem in the event at the road with a certain frequency characteristic localization of lesions as a result of violations of traffic rules by persons involved in it, because of the social, psychological, psycho-physiological characteristics and various diseases. Reducing the severity of accidents is one of the complex health, social and technical problems. Car accident on his most weighty social significance, analyzed and commented by media outlets and the public. Injuries received in a traffic accident caused by a variety of damaging factors and feature large morphological diversity is very important for the medical assistance (MA) to the victims. The resulting damage to the establishment of action and behavioral reactions of drivers, passengers and pedestrians, as well as reconstruction of injuries and the circumstances rendering the MA provides a detailed analysis of the traffic accident.
The international community is making organizational, technological efforts to prevent injuries and improve car safety in transport. In the near future, foreign experts suggest to halve road accident deaths and pedestrians through the use of automated tools to stop the car in front of an obstacle, the use of pedestrians special reflective clothing, division of traffic flow, and many other special techniques. In many parts of the world there is a lack of understanding that the problem of road traffic injuries can be solved. That is why it is important that all sectors of society involved in drawing attention to this problem.
The observed gaps in knowledge can help in determining the direction of research, but it largely depends on local circumstances and priorities. For a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of preventive measures need a good database. Lack of information systems makes it impossible to report the true nature of the problem to decision-makers, and the community as a whole. Thus, the creation of accurate and reliable information systems is the first step in effective prevention. Although there is a certain amount of information, which gives an idea of the situation in many areas, this knowledge is not enough, and with little effort is made to conduct a qualitative analysis. This step is vital in order to convey information to decision makers, and to determine what practical measures are effective, but from what should be abandoned.
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Aim. Paying attention to injury, our aim was a retrospective study of archival findings of forensic medical examinations of living persons receiving road traffic injuries.
Materials and methods. Materials for the study was the 123 archival expert opinions survivors received road traffic injuries on the basis of 2-branch of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of Tashkent for the period 2012-2014.
For road accidents may be subjected to inspection pedestrians, passengers and drivers. It is carried out either immediately after the incident or in the coming days after the forensic outpatient clinic.
Forensic examination of living persons in contrast to the examination of the corpse has some features which are determined by the following factors: inspection of the scene, as a rule, it is made without the participation of a forensic expert and in the absence of the victim; the victim's clothes are rarely sent to a special study; forensic examination is often performed for medical instruments and in terms of damage when the victim is in the process of healing or already healed. During the examination of a living person expert should at least determine: the nature of the damage, its location and the level of the surface of the feet; time of damage, a weapon or a portion of the vehicle that caused the damage and the severity of the damage.
Results. A retrospective analysis specific to the automotive injury damages expert defines the mechanism of occurrence of data corruption, and establish a kind of automobile injuries.
Retrospective analysis of 123 cases show that the greatest damage when hit by a car was in the form, arch fracture and the base of the skull 31 cases, bleeding under the meninges have 28lits, broken shins in 17 cases, abrasions body 16 fractures of hands in 16 cases, fractures of the sternum in 15 cases. The rest of the lesions were much smaller and were not the cause of death.
Along with external injuries were found both inside and damage the liver in the form of crush-6 cases, bruises and fractures of lungs -7 cases, injury and rupture of the spleen-6 cases of pancreatic injury, 5 cases closed spinal cord injury 2 cases, penetrating wound neck-3 cases, brain contusion -8 cases. Complications have been in the form of internal bleeding in 12 cases, and external bleeding in 25 cases.
Among the victims of road accidents - pedestrian 59.5% were men and 40.5% are women. More than half of young persons (among pedestrians aged under 30 years account for 31.0%, 31 -40 years 28.6%).
The analysis also showed Incident distribution by month of the year. Special traffic accidents accounted for the increase in these months since December and May to -13%, in turn, in October 12% September -10%, -10% in July, in August and 8%, 7% in January, February -6% matras, 5%, 5% in April.
Conclusion. This study showed that the dynamics of road accidents and their circumstances vary by party traffic accident (driver, passenger, pedestrian), and also depending on the age and sex of the victim, and what time of year the accident occurred.
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