CC BY
5УДК 339.543.6
DOI 10.24412/cl-36450-2022-3-175-178
О. А. ШУРЫГИНА, А. В. МАКСИМЕНКО
Информационное взаимодействие между таможенными органами ЕАЭС и Китая
Статья посвящена вопросу информационного взаимодействия таможенных органов ЕАЭС и Китая. Авторами сделана попытка проанализировать текущий информационный обмен между странами и наметить ближайшие перспективы этого сотрудничества на основе данных таможенной статистики.
Ключевые слова: Евразийский экономический союз (ЕАЭС), информационное взаимодействие/обмен, таможенные органы, Всемирная таможенная организация (ВТО), инициатива «Один пояс, один путь».
O. A. SHURYGINA, A. V. MAKSIMENKO
Information Interaction Between the Customs Authorities of the EAEU and China
The article is dedicated to the issue of information interaction between the Customs authorities of the EAEU and China. The authors attempt to analize the current information exchange between countries and outline the nearest prospects of this cooperation based on the customs statistics data.
Keywords: Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), information interaction/exchange, customs authorities, World Customs Organization (WCO), "One Belt, One Road" initiative.
In the context of universal integration and globalization, there is a need for interstate information interaction between the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The goal of the information and documents exchange between Customs authorities is to increase the effectiveness of customs control in the process of transporting goods and vehicles across customs borders.
The object of our scientific research is information interaction between the Customs authorities of the member states of the EAEU and foreign countries. In this article we attempt to analize the information interaction between the Customs authorities of the member states of the EAEU and China.
The countries of the EAEU are members of the World Customs Organization (WCO). The WCO develops international standards, promotes cooperation and builds capacity to promote legitimate trade, fair revenue collection and protection of society. The organization achieves these objectives by providing guidance and support to Customs administrations. One of these standards is the WCO Framework Standards for Security and Facilitation of International Trade Procedures.
ШУРЫГИНА Ольга Алексеевна, канд. филол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
МАКСИМЕНКО Ангелина Васильевна, студент факультета таможенного дела Владивостокского филиала Российской таможенной академии.
According to the Framework Standards, Customs administrations should cooperate with each other to achieve maximum security and simplify the functioning of the international supply chain of goods. The standards are based on three pillars, one of which "Customs - Customs" is based on the principle of using preliminary electronic information to identify goods and vehicles of high-risk [2].
Information interaction is implemented on the basis of bilateral agreements, e. g. the Agreement on the exchange of information on goods and vehicles transported across the customs borders of the EAEU and China [1].
China was chosen as a "pilot" partner for the organization of information interaction. This country has the largest share in the total foreign trade turnover of the member states of the EAEU. In Figures 1-3, we can see that the share of imported goods from China in the total trade turnover of the member states is about 30 %. This is a significant indicator for the foreign trade activities of the EAEU countries [1; 2; 3].
Fig. 3. China's share in Kazakhstan's imports in 2021, percentages
With such a large volume of goods moving across the customs border of the EAEU from China, customs control is necessary in order to minimize risks, prevent customs
violations and speed up customs proceedings. And therefore, negotiations concerning the signing of the Agreement began in 2014. However, it was signed only on June 6, 2019 during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum and came into force in 2020.
According to the provisions of the Agreement, the interaction will be carried out between the Customs authorities of the member states of the EAEU and the Main Customs Administration of China in electronic form. Figure 4 shows the subjects of information interaction.
State Revenue Committee of the Republic of Armenia State
Customs Committee of the Republic of Belarus
State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation
State Customs Service under the Ministry of Finance of the Kyrgyz Republic
t
information about goods and vehicles of international transportation
I
General Customs Administration of China Fig. 4. Central customs authorities of the Union member states and China
The information will be generated on the basis of data from customs documents and delivered in advance before the goods and vehicles are sent to the recipient country.
With the development of information interaction and technical readiness, the volume of information provided will increase. Appendix 1 and 2 to the Agreement provide forms for transmitting information at the first stage and at subsequent stages. They differ significantly in the amount of information provided. The version of the document, when providing information at further stages of the interaction, assumes a more complete disclosure of data about goods.
In addition, besides effective customs control and the implementation of customs interaction on the basis of international principles, the signing of the Agreement has a different objective. The Agreement promotes the mutual integration of the EAEU and the "One Belt, One Road" initiative to create international logistics channels between China, the EAEU and Europe. It is a valuable political and economic cooperation for Russia and the EAEU as a whole. However, this cooperation is coming to naught due to the current situation in the world.
In order to start implementing the Agreement, the participants must adopt Protocols. They should determine the volume and composition of information about goods, methods of exchange, the schemes of information interaction, requirements for ensuring the security of interaction. The first Protocol must be signed no later than 18 months from the date of entry into force of this Agreement. But this Protocol has not been signed
due to Covid-19 pandemic and the introduction of restrictive measures yet. The participants did not have the opportunity to meet in person to sign it [4]. Thus, there is no information interaction nowadays.
However, under the circumstances, China is one of the main economic partners of the EAEU countries. A large number of goods are transported between countries, because cooperation between the Customs authorities of the countries is of particular importance. That's why the signing of the Protocol and the beginning of the implementation of the Agreement is the nearest prospect.
Unfortunately, the protocols have not yet been signed. This indicates a de facto violation of the regulatory provisions of the treaty. There is no supported legal basis for the beginning of information exchange. Therefore, now we can talk about the absence of any information interaction between the parties to the treaty. This increases the risks associated with the movement of goods and vehicles across the border, and, accordingly, increases the level of threat to consumers of the end product.
Insufficient provision of information or its complete absence can lead to serious problems at the border. If information were provided, the burden on the customs authorities of the destination country would be reduced. But now all the processes associated with the movement of goods and vehicles across the border and the performance of operations related to the customs clearance of goods takes more time than necessary.
Список литературы
1. Соглашение об обмене информацией о товарах и транспортных средствах международной перевозки, перемещаемых через таможенные границы Евразийского экономического союза и Китайской Народной Республики. URL: https://docs. eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/01522104/iatc_17062019 (дата обращения: 05.03.2022).
2. Framework standards for Security and Simplification of world Trade. URL: http://www.wcoomd.org (дата обращения: 05.03.2022).
3. Panteleev, A. Analytical report by the Department of Macroeconomic Policy: coupling of the EAEU development strategy and the Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road" / A. Panteleev, K. Zhelyabovskaya, N. Ryabtsev, A. Khazhgerieva, A. Khazh-gerieva. URL: https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/822/Doklad_Kitay_short_ 17.08.pdf (дата обращения: 05.03.2022).
4. News and Events of Eurasian Economic Commission: EAEU and China started implementing the Agreement on the exchange of information on goods andinternational transportation vehicles moved across the customs borders of the Union and the PRC. URL: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/en/nae/news/Pages/19-12-2019-2.aspx (дата обращения: 05.03.2022).
