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Khaydarov Artur Mihaylovich, Ph. D., Tashkent State dental Institute Head of Pediatric dentistry department E-mail: dr.khaydarovartur.ru
INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE FACTORS ON THE CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL INDICES OF THE ORAL CAVITY OF CHILDREN
Abstract: It was carried out the study of the status of certain clinical and functional indices of the oral cavity (hygienic index, tooth enamel solubility, electrical conductivity of hard tooth tissues, remineralizing ability of saliva, PMA index, and resistance of periodontal tissue capillaries in 357 children aged 12-15 years living in Saryasiya (119 children), Dzharkurgan (118 children) and Baysun (120 children) areas of Surkhandarya region.
The acid resistance of the enamel was significantly (p < 0.001) below the Jarkurgan district than in the children in the Saryasiya (24%) and Baysun (28%) regions.
The remineralizing ability of the saliva of children was significantly (p <0.05) lower in children in the Jarkurgan district. In the children of the Saryasiya and Baysun regions it was within the limits of the physiological norm (p> 0.05). Regarding the state of conductivity of hard tooth tissue, the level of this parameter significantly (p <0.001) higher in children of Dzharkurgan area compared to both Saryasiya (2.29 uA) and Baysun (2.48 mA) areas.
When analyzing the data of PMA index and Sample Kulazhenko it was established that among children of Saryasiya area PMA index was 10.9% (p <0.001) more than in Jarkurgan and 44.2% (p <0.001) more than in areas of Baysun. Capillary resistance of periodontal tissues in children of Saryasiya area was 9.1 seconds (p <0.001) less than in Jarkurgan and 16.2 seconds (p <0.001) less than in Baysun areas.
Thus, on the basis of the obtained results it can be said that there is a decrease of acid resistance of tooth enamel and remineralizing ability of saliva among children of Saryasiya and Dzharkurgan areas, increasing of electrical conductivity of hard tissues of teeth and indicators of PMA index and as well as reduced resistance of gum capillaries in comparison with the analogous data in Baysun Control area.
Keywords: region, saliva, remineralization, electrical conductivity, acid resistance, capillaries, resistance, periodontium, teeth, PMA.
Introduction. The human body is inextricably linked with the Meanwhile it has been established that functional disorders
environment, being part of the biosphere. Therefore the determi- from the mucous membrane of the oral cavity play an important nation of the actual accumulation of harmful compounds from the role in the development of a number of dental diseases and it is an environment in various tissues and organs of the body, in determin- early preclinical indication of the effect of toxic substances on the ing their pathological effect on the organism as a whole is of great body as a whole and on the oral mucosa in particular [1; 2; 3; 4, 8]. scientific and practical interest [1; 7]. The aim of the research was to study the state of a number of
In modern conditions human activity acquires the scale of clinical and functional indices of the oral cavity in children living in geoecological processes, leads to a change in natural cycles on the ecologically unfavorable regions. ground, a violation of ecological balance in the biosphere, which in Materials and methods
turn affects the person himself. Especially tense situation arises in It was carried out the study for the status of some clinical and
large industrial cities and urban agglomerations, which is facilitated functional indices of the oral cavity (hygienic index, tooth enamel by the rapid pace of urbanization, urban industrial production and solubility, electrical conductivity of hard tooth tissues, reminer-uncontrolled increase in motor transport [3; 5]. alizing ability of saliva, PMA index and resistance of periodontal
Children's health is considered one of the most sensitive integral tissue capillaries in 357 children aged 12-15 years living in Sary-and informative medical and biological indices characterizing the asiya (119 children), in Dzharkurgan (118 children) and Boysun qualitative characteristics of the habitat. Therefore the level of health (120 children) areas of Surkhandarya region. These areas are simi-of the child population is directly related to the intensity, duration of lar in their natural and climatic and social conditions, but differing in the impact of environmental pollution and the degree of adaptation nature and degree of environmental pollution, which corresponds to it [4; 5; 9]. to the methodological approaches adopted in studying the environ-
As it is known the oral mucosa is one of the first protective bar- mental impact on children's health. riers of the human body when exposed to various ecological and The Saryasiya cotton-growing region (experienced) is charac-
production unfavorable factors [2; 4; 6]. terized by combined pollution of the environment with pesticides,
INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE FACTORSON THE CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL INDICES OF THE ORAL CAVITY OF CHILDREN
mineral fertilizers and harmful emissions by the State Unitary Enterprise "Tajik Aluminum Company" (TALCO) with especially fluoride compounds.
The Jarkurgan cotton-growing region (conditionally controlled) is characterized by environmental pollution only by pesticides and mineral fertilizers.
Baysun cattle-breeding- gardening area (control) is a relatively ecologically clean area.
To assess the acid resistance of tooth enamel and remineralizing ability of saliva, there was used the method of T. A. Redinova et al. (1982), for the study of the electrical conductivity of hard tissues of teeth there was used the method of G. G. Ivanova (1984), the condition of the tissues of the marginal periodontium - the PMA index and the index of oral hygiene on the method of L. V. Fedorova
(1982), the determination of the resistance of capillaries of periodontal tissues- on the method of V. I. Kulazhenko (1960).
The received data was processed according to the Microsoft Excel program, the reliability of the differences was determined by the Student criterion.
Results and discussion
The data of the conducted studies showed (table) that the level of the hygienic state of the oral cavity it was equally low (p > 0.05) in the children of the studied rural areas. The acid resistance of the enamel was significantly (p < 0.001) below the Jarkurgan district than in the children in the Saryasiya (24%) and Baysun (28%) regions. Comparison of this index between the children of the Saryasiya and Baysun districts showed no significant differences (p> 0.05).
Table 1. - Comparative indices of clinical and functional studies of the state of hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity in children in rural areas with different nature and degree of environmental pollution by chemical substances (M ± m)
Indices Observation areas
The Saryasiya (experienced) The Jarkurgan (conditionally controlled) Baysun (control)
Hygienic index, points 3,25 ± 0,61 3,17 ± 0,55 3,23 ± 0,65
Pi 2 > 0,05 P, 3 > 0,05 P2-3 > 0,05
Tooth enamel solubility,% 33,41 ± 1,87 58,25 ± 2,56
P12 < 0,01 P, 3 > 0,05 P2_3 < 0,001 30,24 ± 1,59
Electrical conductivity of hard tooth tissues, mk A 0,31 ± 0,08 2,60 ± 0,53 0,12 ± 0,04
P12 < 0,001 P, 3 < 0,05 P2_3 < 0,001
Remineralising ability of saliva, days 3,51 ± 0,52 6,25 ± 1,31 2,81 ± 0,34
P12 < 0,05 P1 3 > 0,05 P2-3 <0,05
PMA index 46,32 ± 2,56 35,9 ± 2,41 17,12 ± 1,32
P1-2 < 0,001 P1 2 < 0,001 P2_3 < 0,001
Resistance of periodontal tissue capillaries, sec 16,21 ± 0,65 25,30 ± 1,17 32,45 ± 1,36
P1-2 < 0,001 P^ < 0,001 P2_3 < 0,001
The remineralizing ability of saliva of children was significant (p <0.05) lower in children in the Jarkurgan district. In the children of the Saryasiya and Baysun regions it was within the limits of the physiological norm (p > 0.05). Regarding the state of conductivity of hard tooth tissue the level of this index is significantly (p < 0.001) higher in children of Dzharkurgan area compared to both Saryasiya (2.29 uA) and Baisun (2.48 mA) areas.
The above reported data confirm the results of visual examination of the state of the teeth, showing the highest frequency of dental caries among children of Dzharkurgan area and somewhat less - among children of Sariyasiya and even fewer - in Baisun areas. The same level (p > 0.05) of state enamel solubility, remineralizing ability of saliva conductivity and hard tissues of teeth in children in Saryasiya and Baisun regions are combined with environmental pollution by emission of Saryasiya State Unitary Enterprise "Tajik
Aluminum Company" (TALCO) and pesticides it is explained so, that the high content of fluoride in the saliva and teeth of children in the Saryasiya district obviously supports the remineralizing ability of saliva and increases the resistance of teeth to the caries.
When analyzing the data PMA index and Sample Kulazhenko it was established that among children of Saryasiya area PMA index was 10.9% (p < 0.001) more than inJarkurgan and 44.2% (p < 0.001) more than in areas of Baisun. Capillary resistance of periodontal tissues in children of Saryasiya area was 9.1 seconds (p < 0.001) less than in Jarkurgan and 16.2 seconds (p < 0.001) less than in Baisun areas.
Conclusion
Thus, on the basis of the obtained results it can be said that there is a decrease of acid resistance of tooth enamel and remineralizing ability of saliva among children of Saryasiya and Dzharkurgan areas, increasing of electrical conductivity of hard
tissues of teeth and indices of PMA index and as well as reduced resistance of gum capillaries in comparison with the analogous data in Baisun Control area. The above indicated data can serve
as integral indicators of the adverse impact of emissions by the State Unitary Enterprise "Tajik Aluminum Company" (TALCO) on health and oral health of children.
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