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INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ASPHALT AND CONCRETTE EQUIPMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Y. Timokhina, student, E. Pozdnjakova, ass. prof., E. Voronova, ass.
prof., KhNAHU
Abstract. The article is concerned with the analysis of expedient equipment replacement in the asphalt and concrete plant. The analysis of ecological parameters and influence on the environment is given.
Key words: asphalt and concrete, plant, air pollution, emissions of pollutants, sanitary -protection zone.
Introduction
Asphalt and concrete plants belong to production enterprises of the highway branch. Air pollution is a usual phenomenon at the work of these enterprises.
There are a few powerful asphalt and concrete plants in the Kharkiv region.
The old asphalt - mixing plant AC-117-2K which operated on the production base of Kharkiv regional auto - highway enterprise in settlement Budu has been altered for a new one AC-16863 plant corresponding to modern demands to power and environmental protection.
The comparative characteristics of different types of asphalt and concrete equipment
The efficiency of the old asphalt and concrete equipment constituted 30 t/h. This asphalt mixer is equipped with a double - stage system of dust gas cleaning. A group of dust extractors СЦН - 40 belong to the first stage. The second stage is nBHA «Potok^oh». The efficiency of dust catcher is 84 %. Boiler oil is used as fuel here.
The power of the new asphalt mixer constitutes 130 t/h. This asphalt mixer is equipped with a double -stage system of dust gas cleaning. The first stage is a group of 10 dust extractors СЦH - 40. The second stage scrubber Ventury. The efficiency of dust cleaning constitute 96 %. Natural gas is used as fuel here [1].
Table 1 gives the qualitative and quantative composition of wastes from these two types of plants.
The exhaust pollutants from the old asphalt mixer form 4 sum groups of negative influence, are:
- nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (the sum group №31);
- sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, phenol and dust (the sum group № 32);
- nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and phenol (the sum group № 33);
- sulfur dioxide and phenol (the sum group № 34) [2].
Table 1 The list of pollutants from different types of asphalt and concrete plants
Pollutants Power of negative pollutants from asphalt and concrete plant AC - 117 - 2K, t/y Power of negative pollutants from asphalt and concrete plant AC - 16863, t/y
Nitrogen dioxide 0,1931 1,37990
Carbon monoxide 0,8636 1,26126
Dust 1,5427 4,51337
Ethylene 0,1451 0,93461
Ethyl alcohol 0,02329 0,13433
Xylol 0,02875 0,16100
Phenol 0,00275 0,01227
Nitrogen oxide 0,0283 -
Smut 0,0695 -
Sulfur dioxide 1,8862 -
Hexane 0,06 -
Methane 0,02307 -
Benzene 0,00235 -
Benzapirene 0,0000067 -
SUM 4,86871 8,39674
Pollutants exhausted when a new asphalt mixer doesn't form any sum groups of harmful influence. Such substances as nitrogen oxide, smut, sulfur dioxide, hexane, methane, benzene, benzapirene were not find in emissions from this plant.
Sum emissions of pollutants when the old asphalt mixer operated approximately 2 times less than the amount of substances from the new plant emissions, but its power is 4 times less than the power of asphalt mixer ££-16863.
At the identical production ability the emit of pollutants from the of old asphalt mixer in 2,5 times more than emissions of pollutants from the new one.
Natural gas which is used as fuel in the new asphalt mixer helps to avoid emissions sulfur dioxide and benzapirene belongs to the first class of danger [3].
Asphalt and concrete plants belong to the first class of sanitary classification with size of sanitary -protection zone of 1000 m [4].
There is no exceed of LPC on the border of sanitary -protection zone during the work of old asphalt mixer. It's necessary to control the emissions of pollutants from this plant namely: nitrogen dioxide, smut, sulfur dioxide, xylol, benzapirene , phenol, dust and 4 sum groups of negative influence. For these substances the increase of LPC is possible.
The concentration of dust and nitrogen dioxide in parts from LPC are higher near the source of emissions of new asphalt mixer operation. But there are no exceed of LPC for any substances. It is the ground to reduce the size of sanitary - protection zone.
Having analyzed the pollutants sow fields there appears the possibility to reduce the size of sanitary -protection zone up to 300 m. The concentration of pollutants will be equal the 1 LPC on this distance.
The inhabitants place is situated in the distance of 350 m from the enterprise.
By the norm it is impossible to situate the inhabitants place partly or fully inside the sanitary - protection zone.
If the size of the sanitary - protection zone is lessen then the inhabitants territory will be situated on the border of sanitary - protection zone.
Conclusions
The replacement of old asphalt and concrete plant ДС-117-2К by the new one ДС-16863 gives the chance of 4 times increase of asphalt and concrete production.
There exist no pollutants belonging to the first class of danger when the new plant operates.
The new asphalt mixer uses the dry and wet methods to clean gases from dust.
Concentration of pollutants will equal 1 LPC on 300 m distance during the operation of the new asphalt mixer.
The norm for sanitary - protection zone is 1000 m for asphalt and concrete plants.
The replacement of old asphalt mixer by the new one gives a chance to increase the size of sanitary -protection zone up to 300 m.
If the size of sanitary - protection zone is reduced the inhabitants place will not be situated on the border of sanitary - protection zone.
Literature
1. Оценка воздействий на окружающую среду (ОВОС) производственной базы в п.г.т. Буды, 2003.
2. Тимчасовi методичш рекомендацп по прове-денню перевiрки достовiрностi величин вики-дiв в атмосферу ввд асфальтобетонних заводiв. - К., 1996.
3. 0НД-90. Часть 2. Руководство по контролю источников загрязнения атмосферы. Общесоюзный нормативный документ. Санкт-Петербург, 1992.
4. Державш саштарш правила планування та забудови населених пункпв. Мшстерство охорони здоров'я Украши. - К., 1996.
Рецензент: В.К. Жданюк, профессор, д.т.н., ХНАДУ.
Статья поступила в редакцию 12 сентября 2006 г.
