CC BY
7TRIZ IN BUSINESS SECTION, OCTOBER 15, 2022
DOI: 10.24412/cl-37100-2023-12-202-208
Han Bing, Shi Xiaohua Industrial Parks: Problems and Solutions with TRIZ
ABSTRACT
This article shows a case study of TRIZ application in Urban Construction Management. In China, there are many traditional industrial Parks built in the late 20 century in some large cities, especially in the urban district. After several decades, poor infrastructure and fiscal revenues making them difficult for the parks to play a role in promoting urban development. So, these old parks are unutilized and need to be transformed and upgraded timely. In this article, this problem was solved by TRIZ tools, such as Inventive Principles, Trends for systems evolution and Su-Field analysis, and a new transformation model called "zero-cost entrepreneurial community" was proposed to promote the transformation for traditional industrial Parks in the large cities and upgrading into "new enterprise communities".
Key words: TRIZ; industrial park; large city; construction mode
1. Background of the problem
In China, there are many traditional industrial Parks in some large cities, especially in the urban district. These parks are built in the late 20 century and have made a great contribution to the development of cities for many years. But after several decades, many parks are starting to fall into operational difficulties because of the poor management, poor infrastructure and poor fiscal revenues. So, these parks are difficult continuing to play a role in promoting regional development. Specifically, there are several questions: for example, The industrial Parks are scattered, small and the layout is disorganized, Lack of impetus for traditional industries in the park, For the Park administration, they are just as Property Service providers and rent collection with bad service. So, it led to the departure of many companies originally in the park, and many carriers will also be idle. These problems reflect that there are some difficulties of regional development by relying on the industrial Park. For example, Existing industrial Parks cannot carry new functions to promote the development, and the new industrial Park needs a lot of input, but for abilities limited, especially lack of money. So, a new mode for these traditional industrial Parks should be designed to adapt to the current development environment.
Here a word "carrier" needs to be explained. In this article, carrier means a small unit supporting industry agglomeration and regional development. In fact, the carriers have many forms, such as a building, a plant, an incubator, all can be regard as the carriers of the industrial Park. For example, an industrial Park consists of ten buildings, and each building can be regard as a carrier.
In China, there are some researches on the construction mode of the parks from both the theoretical and practical levels. For example, A mode was proposed that the symbiosis of agglomeration effect and industrial Park construction as an evolutionary game of dynamic matching of institutional supply and demand based on the automobile industry in Jilin, China [1]. Four modes for industrial Park construction all over the world are summarized, and four strategies to the upgrading for Chinese industrial Parks are proposed [2]. The four kinds of carriers under the Headquarters Economy have been sorted out and the construction mode of the Beijing Fengtai Advanced Business Park in
China is summarized [3]. The construction mode, operation and maintenance, and business model of intelligent industrial Park has been discussed [4]. But in general, this research is basically based on the Industry Organization and Institutional Economics to design the construction mode of the industrial Parks, focusing more on the macro level and less on the micro level.
2. BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF TRIZ
TRIZ, known as the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, was proposed by G.S. Altshuller in the former Soviet Union in 1946, based on the analysis of 2.5 million patents around the world [5]. Altshuller found that many seemingly unrelated inventions and creations actually follow the same or similar innovation principles or laws. More and more practice show that TRIZ is not only a theory for solving invention problems, but also a paradigm for thinking problems. With the widespread application of TRIZ, TRIZ is now gradually applied in other fields, such as natural science, social science, management science, biology and other fields [6]. Now TRIZ has proven to be a knowledge-based, human-oriented and systematic innovation method.
With the expansion of TRIZ application, the optimization of the solution mode and process based on Classical TRIZ have been researched according to the disciplinary characteristics of management science and the needs of problem research [7-10], in order to making them more suitable for solving management problems.
3. PROBLEM ANALYSIS
The industrial Park in the large cities can be regarded as a system, and a Function model of the industrial Park in the large cities is shown in Figure 1. Generally, the main function of the industrial Park is "promoting development", including industrial development, employment promotion, and commercialization of scientific and research findings, while general auxiliary functions can be realized through social service.
Fig. 1. Function Model for an Industrial Park
The function model shown in Figure 1 is relatively complex. For ease of analysis, the function can be simplified as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2. Simplified Function Model
In this model some function disadvantages are clearly presented including some harmful function and insufficient functions. Then the key disadvantages can be determined by deeper analysis as "administration could not operate the carriers very well", which is an insufficient function.
To solve this problem, the Ideal final result of the problem can be determined firstly: For this problem, the Ideal final result is: A park that can play the role of promoting the development of cities and boosting innovation by itself. Therefore, the better way for achieving the Ideal final result is building a new park, everything starts from scratch and everything is new. But the realistic problem is there is not sufficient land in the urban district of large cities to build a new park. If it's in a suburb, may be totally different. So, a more suitable way for the cities is transforming the existing parks, which is easier to achieve the Ideal final result, but in fact, it is more difficult to reconstruct existing parks than building a new one. Thus, a contradiction is appeared.
IF: reconstructing existing parks
THEN: it is easier to achieve the Ideal final result
BUT: more difficult for reconstruction
Next, the contradiction can be expressed with the typical parameters by Altshuller. The improving parameter is Ease of operation, and the worsening parameter is Ease of manufacture. In this way, the Contradiction Matrix can be used to find proper invention principles to solve the contradiction.
4. PROBLEM SOLVING
4.1 Inventive Principles
After defining the technical contradiction, the available inventive principles are identified as NO.2 Taking out, NO.5 Merging, and NO.12 Equipotentiality from Contradiction Matrix. Therefore, some solutions can be got by these inventive principles, see Table 1. Table 1. Solutions from Inventive Principles
Inventive Principles Solutions
No.2: Taking Out Selecting the idle carriers from all the industrial Parks in the urban districts of lager cities.
No.5: Merging Combining the idle carriers as a whole park by merging in time.
No.12: Equipotentiality Establishing interconnected links within the combined idle carriers.
By integrating the above solutions, a feasible solution can be obtained as: The existing idle carriers in the large cities, which can be transformed to satisfy the expected functions, can be integrated as a whole "new" park. Since the location of the carriers could not be changed, all the carriers can be "gathered" together for unified planning, unified operation and unified management, which can be regard as "Chain Mode". B y this mode, the same or complementary functions will be done for the carriers on different locations in this new park, and to achieve uniformity in service. Thus, the enterprises can enjoy the same quality of service no matter what carriers they are in.
4.2 Secondary problem solving by Trends
The secondary problems were appeared when solutions are generated by inventive principles: Should the functions of the carriers be unified? How to define the functions for each carrier of the "new" park on different locations?
Here the Trends for Business can be used to solve the secondary problems. For this problem, the line of "Diversity Increase" of the trend "Structure Evolution" can be used define what should the park develop. see Table 2.
Table 2. Solutions from The Line "Diversity Increase"
Lines Example
A homogeneous system of identical objects A homogeneous system with a different but similar object(s) A heterogeneous system of different objects A system of objects with opposite properties Software industry in all the carriers Software industry for this park except IT Outsourcing in one carrier Software and Integrated Circuit Design in different carriers Software and Hardware in different carriers
Here is an example for the solution: An industrial Park want to build the software cluster. In the Homogeneous system, software will be in all the carriers. If the system is Homogeneous with shift part, one carrier can be chosen to develop IT outsourcing, and software in others. Next Heterogeneous system, the park can attract software and IC Design companies. And Inverse system, Software and Hardware are simultaneously developed which is called "IT innovation industry" in China. So, the government can determine what kind of companies they should attract into the park.
4.3 Su-Field and Standards
A Su-Field Model can be derived on the basis of Function Analysis. See Fig.3. Here the administration and carrier can be regarded as two kinds of substances. The operations and services from the administration to the carrier can be regarded as a field (F). The administration (S2) operates and provides services to the carrier (Si), which should be an effective role under normal conditions. But in fact, administration are lack of the professional capabilities and talents to operate and provide services to the multi-spatial carriers of the park, which is resulting in insufficient role.
Now this Su-Field Model can be solved by Inventive Standards 1.1.3. Here a new substance can be introduced as an intermediary (S3), which can be a professional organization or team. See Fig.4. This is because the professional organization or team has extensive expertise and capabilities on park operation and services, and also familiar with the law of industry development. Which can provide specialized and customized services for different parks and carriers. The government can invite professional organization or team to help the administration operate the carriers. Even instead of administration operating the carriers. When the administration itself has the capabilities to operate and provide services for the carrier, it can also solve the problem without introducing a professional team.
Fig. 4. New Su-field Model by Inventive Standards
5. DERIVATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
Here is another situation: Nowadays a surge of entrepreneurship can be seen in China, and there is a very popular word said in China: "Mass Entrepreneurship, Mass Innovation". Many people start their life of entrepreneurship, especially the college students. When they just finished their undergraduate or graduate school, they come to the large cities and become makers. The goal for them is very simple, that is: Living in Peace and Working in Contentment.
In large cities, they can choose to work in the carriers. But their living are provided by supersystem. Because in the large cities, the industrial Parks have not enough lands and money to carry out the living function. And the society, as a super-system, can provided the wonderful living infrastructures. But as is known to all, the living cost in large cities are very high and the makers have no stable income to support. So, it is necessary to reduce their living cost. Therefore, "How to reduce the living cost of makers" has become a derivative problem of this project.
This problem can also be solved by Su-Field analysis and Inventive Standards. Here a Su-Field model is derived which S2 representative's carrier and Si representative's maker, also an insufficient model.
Fig. 5. Su-Field Model for makers
Here this problem can be solved two Inventive Standards: S3.1.1 and S3.1.4. First a bi-system will be built by S3.1.1, carrier for living (S3) can be added into S2 as a "new" system. Then the bisystem convoluted to a mono-system by S3.1.4, thus the carrier itself has the functions of working and living at the same time. For the makers, It means their startup is also their home. In this way, some measures can be taken to reduce their living cost, in order to attract more makers to start their entrepreneurship in carriers.
Fig. 6. New Su-field Model for makers by Inventive Standards
6. FINAL SOLUTIONS
The final solution can be obtained through the above solution.
1. Integrating all the idle parks and operate them as one park, and a new administration can be established for all the idle parks. Then the Chain Mode can be used and professional teams will be introduced for operation. In addition, the function of the carriers on different locations can be moderately differentiated the according to the actual situation of the park.
2. The function of the government should also be transformed from supervising and intervening to helping the companies, in order to change the harmful function to the useful function.
3. For the makers, some apartments can be built, and supporting measures can be taken for reducing their living cost, such as tax incentives and waivers, one-stop services system, building some infrastructure for public service, service for the basic necessities of life, such as a small restaurant, café, laundry, and gym. In this way, makers can be encouraged to start their journey of entrepre-neurship through the apartments. Such the apartments can be called "Zero-cost entrepreneur community".
In recent years, this solution has been applied in some large cities in China and achieved good results.
7. SUMMARY
In the future, the way of expanding the scale for industrial Parks are not suitable for the future development. So, the new possible ways should be found for development, for example, changing business model, adjusting industrial planning, Improving the competitiveness of industrial Parks, and Balancing Economic development and people's livelihood.
B y solving this problem, a new transformation mode is proposed as "Zero-cost entrepreneur community". This mode means the park can be transformed into a community integrating work, life, leisure and entertainment. And some Start-up Apartments can be built which can unify the location of home and company for makers. Finally, the professional team should be introduced for Industrial Park operation. This shows the new construction mode based on TRIZ in this article also provides a reference for park construction and development in large cities.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Author gratefully acknowledges Mr. Vladimir Petrov, Mr. Valeri Souchkov, and other TRIZ
specialists for valuable suggestions regarding this article.
