Научная статья на тему 'भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद: कुछ ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ INDIAN NATIONALISM: SOME HISTORICAL CONTEXT'

भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद: कुछ ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ INDIAN NATIONALISM: SOME HISTORICAL CONTEXT Текст научной статьи по специальности «Языкознание и литературоведение»

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Ключевые слова
indian nationalism / historical context / Amrit Mahotsav of Azadi / индийский национализм / исторический контекст / Амрит Махоцав Азади

Аннотация научной статьи по языкознанию и литературоведению, автор научной работы — Chaubey, Devendr

Nowadays, India is celebrating the Amrit Mahotsav of Azadi. This is a great opportunity for the country and Indian society to understand and know their country. Therefore, the struggle against colonialism and imperialism by the people of the country from the Buxar war of 1764 to the 1857 and the war of 1857 to the independence of the country in 1947 has played a big role in building the entire vision of the Indian nation; especially between 1857 and 1947. Under the pretext of the Amrit Mahotsav of Azadi, it will be an important task to understand the context of the freedom movement present in history, folk memories and literary lessons that frame Indian nationalism. Importantly, the sources present in the literature between 1857 and 1947 help to understand the changes in the nature of Indian nationalism

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ИНДИЙСКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛИЗМ: НЕКОТОРЫЙ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

В настоящее время Индия празднует Амрит Махотсав Азади. Это прекрасная возможность для страны и индийского общества понять и узнать свою страну. Таким образом, борьба против колониализма и империализма народа страны от Бухарской войны 1764 г. до 1857 г. и войны 1857 г. до независимости страны в 1947 г. сыграла большую роль в построении всего видения индийской нации. ; особенно между 1857 и 1947 годами. Под предлогом Амрита Махотсава Азади будет важной задачей понять контекст движения за свободу, присутствующий в истории, народных воспоминаниях и литературных уроках, которые формируют индийский национализм. Важно отметить, что источники, представленные в литературе между 1857 и 1947 годами, помогают понять изменения в характере индийского национализма.

Текст научной работы на тему «भारतीय राष्ट्रवाद: कुछ ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ INDIAN NATIONALISM: SOME HISTORICAL CONTEXT»

d https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7393817

Devendr Chaubey

Professor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, India devendrachoubeyj nu@gmail .com dkchoubey@mail .j nu.ac. in

ABSTRACT

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1. P. C. Joshi, ed.: 2007; Rebellion 1857; National Book Trust, India, Delhi.

2. Tflti dtUTT;2012; diTddtV W^td W ddtd dd; dWfTd dT$fd, id^dTi

3. dt^ dtt, ^w dtd, d.; 2008; 1857: 3TTdWqjdTtid dt swfTd dr$fd, idedr i

4. fTTild Jtild ^T dtd^ Ml u^v, d.; 1995 & 2002; ddtd Wdd, ^Td TW ^T dt; WdWtid SWTfTd, tdedTl

5. S. N. R. Rizvi; 2021; The Rebel World of1857; Kalpaz Publication, Delhi.

6. td-di T l VU|, Tflti dtUTT ^T ddV dT$, d.; 2010; 1857 W <HJtd<W<H; OTUfT

swrfTd, idedri

7. Tflti dtUTT ^T dt^d dtt; 2016; OTUfdw 3dTd W ¿fell dm W W diJcVWdtd, dWdd ddT, dftdT JOTdT ^T mffT MtdiVW, d.; SWTfTd dT$Td,

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