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1. Avtandilov G. G. Medical morphometry. Supervision. - M.: Medicine,1990. - P. 384.
2. Gannushkina I. V. Cerebral blood circulation in various types of circulatory hypoxyia of the brain//Herald. RAMS. - 2000. -№ 9. - P. 22-27.
3. Dobrovolsky G. A. Planning of medico-biological experiment. - Saratov: Pub. House of Saratov Univ., 1984. - P. 128.
4. Dolzhansky O. V., Borlakova B. U. Brain changes in acute blood loss and their forensic medical significance//Forensic med. expert exam. -2006. - V. 49, V. 5. - P. 39-40.
5. Moskalenko Yu. Ye. Problems of regulation of cerebral blood circulation and their connection with liquor dynamics//Regional blood circulation and microcirculation: scient. pract. journal. - Saint-Petersburg, 2002. - V. 1. - P. 78-82.
6. Stefanov S. B. Some possibilities of data synthesis of various nature in medicobiological studies//Phylosophic and social aspects of interaction of contemporary biology and medicine: Report theses ofAll-Union conf. - Moscow, 1982. - P. 66.
7. Chen R. Y., Fan F. C., Schuessler G. B., Simchon S., Kim S., Chien S. Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption of the canine brain during hemorrhagic hypotension//Stroke. - 1984. - Vol. 15, № 2. - P. 343-350.
8. Ince E., Kuloglu Z., Akinci Z. Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome: neurologic features//Pediatr. Emerg. Care. - 2000. -Vol. 16, № 4. - P. 260-264.
9. Thebaud B., Husson B., Navelet Y., Huault G., Landrieu P., Devictor D., Sebire G. Haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome: neurological course and predictors of outcome//Intensive Care Med. - 1999. - Vol. 25, № 3. - P. 293-299.
Karimov Dilshod Madjitovich, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Researcher, the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatric Dentistry
E-mail: denta-plus@list.ru Gulyamov Surat Saidvaliyevich, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, PhD Professor, the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatric Dentistry
E-mail: surat1977@mail.ru Pulatov Oybek Abdumutalovich, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Researcher, the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatric Dentistry
E-mail: dr.oybek@mail.ru Mahkamova Feruza Tashtemirovna, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Researcher, the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatric Dentistry
E-mail: timur2001123@mail.ru
Increase in psychosocial status of school age children with dentomaxillary deformities
Abstract: Most people have problems with their appearance, are ashamed of their external view and that has negative effect on their life. To avoid such cases it should be begin from childhood. As a rule, correction of these states is a mission of orthodontist and intervention of children's psychologist. Fifty children with occlusion deformities have been examined. Keywords: psychosocial status, orthodontics, dentomaxillary deformities, orthodontic treatment, smile.
Introduction
Face of person has the greatest effect from viewpoint of attrac-tivity. Smile is the second feature of face after eyes to which people pay their attention while estimating attractivity of humans. It is exactly that beautiful look and smile became an important part of a successful person because we express our emotions and attract persons to us. Influence of self-appraisal on personality is very great. In his (her) low self-appraisal person has not faith in herself, possibilities, and he (she) does not like himself. They experience self-dissatisfaction stable or very often. Person works, achieves aims, defines new goals, but his negative relation to himself remains. Besides, human' low self-appraisal, without fail, reflects on his appearance. One of the psychosocial tasks of person is to have present look that requires present society [1; 3].
Attractiveness plays an enormous importance both in professional and social society. How it was noted in the University of the North Caroline the patients often appeal Orthodontist: 84 % cases for uneven teeth, 52 % cases according to Dentist advice and 41 % cases for unpleasant look. Nice look indicates that person presents a good, honest and happy man. It is exactly that unpleasant look of person sets thinking receive orthodontic treatment that leads him to success in social life. After orthodontic treatment and perfection of esthetic appearance children become less shy and emotionally more sure and feel themselves more attractive among their friends and social surroundings [2; 7; 9.].
Most children have crowded teeth and occlusion deformities and require orthodontic aid. From year to year rate of bite deformities pathology is stably increasing. It is related with food consumed
Increase in psychosocial status of school age children with dentomaxillary deformities
by contemporary people. Consuming soft food our masticatory apparatus, as a rule, does not obtain loading planed by nature. As a result maxillary bones of modern humans are developing not enough and teeth preserve a former size and they feel tight. There are congenital causes: for instance, person has a small number of teeth, than it is appropriate, these teeth «scatter» in maxilla (mandible) and wide unattractive gaps are forming between them.
Uneven teeth and bite deformity may be cause of psychological problems of communication, harmful act on human destiny. But even to overcome psychological complex of crowded teeth, problems provoked by them are not solved by themselves. Occlusion diseases aggravate a course of gingival diseases, provoke development caries due to impossibility of adequate hygiene, lead to rapid dental abrasion, complicate, and sometimes, make impossible dental prosthetics. But the most dangerous — may lead to development of functional disorders of temporomandibular joint — the most complex joint in human organism [3; 4, 454; 6, 9].
Goal of research
Evaluate and improve psychosocial status of children with den-tofacial deformities before and after orthodontic treatment.
Materials and methods of research
Fifty patients with dentofacial deformities (congestion of teeth, Class II and Class III malocclusion and open bite) aged from 7 to 16 in numerical equal of boys and girls in clinic № 56 at the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. Questioning was performed and method "Ladder" (auth. V. G. Schur) was used before and after orthodontic treatment. Results of questioning of patients before and after orthodontic treatment were compared; children that not required orthodontic treatment were also questioned. Questioning consisted in self-appraisal ofchild and communication (how feel they in circle of their persons of the same age, in the school and measures). Three groups were formed. The 1st group formed children that not required orthodontic treatment, the 2nd group formed children that needed orthodontic treatment and the 3rd group formed patients after orthodontic treatment.
Questions that were chosen for all the children in research were the following:
1. I am rather attractive.
2. I am talented.
3. I often envy other that they have.
4. I very worried about what people around me think about me.
5. For me it is difficult to accept compliments from other people.
6. I depend on opinion of other people.
Table 1.
Sex Congestion Progna- Proge- Open Number
of teeth thism nia bite of patients
Boys 11 9 2 3 25
Girls 8 10 3 4 25
In all 19 19 5 7 50
Results and their discussion
Questioning of children not needed orthodontic treatment revealed the following results: they were quite self-assured, emotionally steady, they consider themselves very talented and attractive and they are not afraid of show their I. Second group (children before orthodontic treatment) exhibited the following results: they are irresolute, very emotional and sometimes anxious, diffident because of their external view and very depended on other children, they are not consider themselves talented and often envy other persons of the same age. Results of the third group of patients were approximately like children in the first group, because during orthodontic treatment these children received positive effect from the side of parents, Orthodontist and Psychologist. Tasks of the latter three influenced on psychosocial status of children, indicating that they turned out grate in treatment, with other school-children and they became more attractive and successful.
Conclusions:
1. How it was noted, children with dentomaxillary deformities really suffer from psychosocial problems.
2. Improvement of external view helps orthodontic patients to perfect their style of life including their psychosocial status.
3. Research shows that positive mood from a side of Orthodontist on children and teenagers from the outset, in the middle and at the end of orthodontic treatment improved self-appraisal and psychosocial status.
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Fig. 1. Results of questioning of three groups of patients in percentage in 6 questions
References:
1. Rubleva I. A., Slabkovskaya А. B., Persin L. S. Journ. Russian Dentistry. - 2008. - № 1.
2. Shevtsova L. N. Publication on the subject "Job orientation and problems of teenagers". - 2014//[Electronic resource]. - Available from: http://nsportal.ru
3. Myagkova N. V., Orlova М. Е. Evaluation of psychological status in children with dentomaxillary anomalies//Problems of Stomatology. - № 2. - 2011.
4. Bishara Samir E. Textbook of Orthodontics. - 2001. - P. 454.
5. Proffit William R. Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th edition. - P. 70, 71, 638.
6. McNamara James. Orthodontic and Denta facial orthopedics. - P. 9.
7. Rakoshi Thomas, Graber Thomas M. Dentoalveolar and maxillofacial orthodontic treatment. - 2012. - Р. 9.
Pugacheva Viktoriya Sergeevna, Karpov Sergey Mikhaylovich, Vishlova Irina Andreevna, Dolgova Irina Nikolaevna, Karpova Elena Nikolaevna, Stavropol State Medical University, Russia, Department of neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics E-mail: Karpov25@rumbler.ru
Parkinsom's disease: prevslence of the disorder in the view of medical statistics
Abstract: Parkinsonism — a neurological syndrome characterized by a combination of akinesia, rigidity, resting tremors, and postural instability, it is a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Quoted in reports alarming figures make you think that in the last two decades, the incidence of parkinsonism increased. In all countries of the world has been an increase of vascular brain lesions caused by hypertension and atherosclerosis. Changes in the blood vessels of the brain are one of the main causes of Parkinson's disease development. Parkinsonism is usually sad "privilege" elderly. Most often the first symptoms appear between 50-60 years
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, epidemiology, statistics.
Parkinsonism is a neurologic syndrome, which can be characterized as the combination of akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability; it is considered to be an advanced degenerative disease of central system. Taking statistical data into account, we can conclude that the disease incidence has grown for the last two centuries. In all countries throughout the world, the prevalence ofvascular disorders of brain cord, caused by hypertony and atherosclerosis, is observed. Alterations of brain cord are one of the main reasons of Parkinson's disease. It is commonly spread among aged people. In most cases, the first signs of the disease appear at the age of 50-60 years old. According to the epidemiological research, Parkinson's disease is observed in all ethnical groups, with equal frequency among males and females. WHO states, that more than 4 million people all over the world suffer from Parkinsonism [19]. In addition, the number of people at the age of30-40 years old, who suffer from the disease, is constantly growing. The growth of the disease frequency is stipulated by life expectancy, but some other factors (e. g. ecological) can also play role. There are about 100 thousand patients, suffering from the disease, in Russia. Low rate of the disease incidence and mortality is noted. There are some difficulties with the diagnosis of disease, especially with early stage, as it can be diagnosed primarily with reference to clinical disease and the course of the disease.
The objective of the research is to define the disease incidence in the world.
Results, methods and debates
Parkinsonism is one of widely spread neurodegenerative disease in the world, which can be compared in this respect only with Alzheimer's disease. Parkinsonism comes with deterioration in condition of corticobasal systems of activation and suppression, which turn to be contravolitional characteristics of the disease. Parkinson's disease is caused by the developing break-down of structure and function of dopaminergic neurons in ventralteg-mental area and substantia nigra pars compacta in brain cord with the following alteration of basal ganglia of telencephalon. The data of the research, being collected, prove the hypothesis, that Parkinsonism is the result of a complex interaction of genetic deficits, toxins of the environment and mitochondrial dysfunctions. The mechanisms of neuronal degeneration, typical for Parkinsonism, have been studied; these include interaction of some pathogenic processes, including oxidative stress, protein aggregation, excy-totoxic and axonal transport. In critical incidents of the disease, a growing number of genes and proteins destruct complex net of molecular pathways, engaged in its etiology. The common mechanisms account for two main forms of Parkinson's disease: familial and sporadical. Sporadical one is mostly spread (90-95 % of cases), while 5-10 % is accounted for familial form.
Epidemiological data differs greatly from one country to another. The range of the disease frequency per 100 000 of population is the following (the data from background papers):
