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4Incidence of allergic diseases in children with congenital heart
defects
Sakina Bakhodirovna Tairova Rano Turakulovna Sattarova Madina Begali qizi Husanova Samarkand State Medical University
Abstract: Objective: to study the frequency of allergy in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Materials and Methods: A survey of 103 children (from 1 month to 3 years) was conducted, who were hospitalized in the department of cardiac surgery examination at the regional children's multidisciplinary medical center (RChMMC) in Samarkand in the period from 2021 to 2022. Results: The prevalence of allergic diseases (AD) in children with CHD was 19.41%. The data obtained by us make it possible to classify sick children with CHD as a risk group for the formation of AD. Conclusions. Currently, despite the fact that more and more children are born with CHD, their surgical correction gives favorable results. From this point of view, in the treatment of children with CHD, along with surgical treatment, it is also necessary to correct the comorbid pathology, in this case, allergic diseases.
Keywords: congenital heart disease, allergic diseases, comorbid conditions, prevalence
INTRODUCTION
Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defects, and allergic diseases (AD) are common diseases in childhood. AD has attracted more and more attention in recent decades due to its increasing prevalence among the population. Numerous epidemiological studies studying the prevalence of AD in the world objectively reflect the steady growth of allergopathology, especially in children. Their co-occurrence is not well understood, but may increase due to similar risk factors or immune dysregulation associated with inflammation at an early age.
The relevance of this problem is due not only to the high prevalence, but also to the tendency to increase the proportion of more severe, combined CHD with frequent adverse outcomes in the first year of life.
OBJECTIVE
To study was to study the frequency of allergy in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) according to the pediatric cardiosurgical department of the Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center of Samarkand. This study aims to compare the prevalence of allergic diseases in children with CHD and their healthy
siblings, as well as to assess their impact on the physical functioning of children with AD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A survey of 103 children (from 1 month to 3 years) was conducted, who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiac Surgery and outpatient examination at the Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center (RChMMC) of Samarkand in the period for 2021 to 2022, which were divided into I and II groups:
- Group I consisted of 72 operated children (main group) with congenital septal heart defects.
- Group II consisted of 31 children (comparison group) who received only conservative treatment, due to the presence of contraindications to surgery.
To achieve this goal, a set of studies was carried out, including clinical and instrumental data, including ultrasound - echocardiography (EchoCG) with Doppler ultrasound to assess the anatomical structure and function of the heart and large vessels using the Vivid apparatus S 60 N according to the standard method. In addition to echocardiography of the heart, all children underwent electrocardiography (ECG), chest x-ray, and laboratory methods. In addition, additional research methods were carried out in the form of measuring anthropometric parameters.
Parent-reported data on allergic reactions to drugs, foods, and plant pollen were collected.
RESULTS
When studying the prevalence of AD among children with congenital heart diseases in the districts of Samarkand and regions and the Republic of Uzbekistan, in terms of referral and hospitalization in the pediatric cardiosurgical department, a trend was revealed in the following order: in Urgut district 8,73% (n = 9), in Ishtikhan district 6,79% (n =7), in Kushrabad district 2,91% (n =3) and in Jizzakh region 0,97% (n =1).
551
360 314
294
50
2013 y 2019 y 2020 y 2021 y 2022 y
Fig. 1. The number of patients admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the Samarkand RChMMC for the period 2018-2022.
Within 5 years, the number of patients admitted to the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the Samarkand RChMMC has been progressing (Fig. 1.).
We noted a significant increase in the number of operated patients with CHD during the period 2018-2022, that is, from year to year, the number of patients increased almost 2 times (Fig. 2.).
500
347
258 217
2018 у 2019 у 2020 у 2021 у 2022 год (первые
6 мес.)
Fig. 2. The number of operated patients with CHD for the period 2018-2022
It should be noted that during the survey period there was a trend towards an increase in CHD in children in all regions.
According to the literature, the ratio of patients depending on gender is different. According to the results of our research, girls numerically predominate over boys. Among the examined children there were 48 boys (46.60%) and 55 girls (53.39%).
Children from the main group and the comparison group had an allergic reaction to drugs such as azithromycin, chikoncil; for food products: berries-raspberries, strawberries, citrus fruits-tangerines, oranges; for sweets: chocolates; on plants; also, some parents found it difficult to answer and did not know what could cause an allergic reaction in children. An allergic reaction to all the above allergens in 70% manifested itself in the form of rashes on the body, 19,44% (n=14), 19,35% (n=6) had the same level of allergic diseases.
Of allergic reactions, food allergy 55% (n=11), drug allergy 30% (n=6) and allergic rhinitis 15% (n=3) were intermittently observed. Allergic reactions in children were manifested in the form of rashes on the body, rhinoconjunctivitis, itching, redness and peeling of the skin. In all children with AD, antihistamines were found, with the elimination of causative inflammation.
The prevalence of AD in children with CHD was 19,41%. Our data allow us to classify sick children with congenital heart disease as a risk group for the formation of AD.
Currently, despite the fact that more and more children are born with CHD, their surgical correction gives favorable results. From this point of view, in the treatment of
ISSN 2181-0842 / IMPACT FACTOR 3.848 19 [М^^^И
children with CHD, along with surgical treatment, it is also necessary to correct the comorbid pathology, in this case, allergic diseases. This improves the quality of life of children after surgery, and also ensures age-related adaptation to social life.
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