CC BY
4
УДК 631
Bleutaeva K.B., doctor of economic sciences, Professor Zhetysu State University n.a. I. Zhansugurov the city of Taldykorgan, Republic of Kazakhstan IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMY IS AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Abstract. The article defines the tasks of improving the management of agricultural development in the region under the aggravation of the financial and economic crisis. The process of regulating the development of regional agriculture and justified the following priorities aimed at its effective functioning: the development of rural areas as a fundamental condition for the qualitative growth of agricultural industries, including its innovative and resource potential; implementation of innovative models of regional agriculture based on high-tech agricultural production.
Key words: agriculture, economic management, finance and accounting, agro-industrial complex, innovation, production, agribusiness.
The agro-industrial complex (AIC), uniting all sectors of the economy on agricultural production, its processing and bringing to consumers, produce food to meet the needs of the population, ensuring food security of the country. However, agricultural production is directly dependent on industries that create for him the means of labor and providing the necessary resources. At the macro level, agricultural production does not fit the modern model of market economy and can thrive only in the presence of state support and integration of change [1].
The relevance of this topic stems from the fact that in many regions insufficiently developed system of management of agroindustrial complex, there is no adequate market relations organizational structure capable of accumulating material, labor and financial resources [2].
During modernization all production activities AIC up the task of optimizing the development and use of computer tools predict future development of enterprises based on the use of multipurpose simulation models. Using the system simulation models of decision-making organizes the process of indicative planning, allowing, first, to compress in time the duration of the work on the plans, and secondly, to allow consideration of alternative options, and third, to make adjustments if necessary, without significant downtime.
Methodology. In the process of the study were used General methods of research: methods of analysis of financial statements: horizontal, vertical, ratio, comparison, and other.
To study the agrarian system of Kazakhstan were used General scientific and special research methods:
- review of the regulatory framework;
- analytical method;
- economic-mathematical calculations.
On completion of the transition period, the system of economic
management of the agricultural sector efficiently converted, amplified by its social dimension, the role of strategy, focus on safety and sustainability, most fully use market mechanisms and state regulation [3]. Manifest ability to provide significant efficiency gains in the medium and long term, in a timely manner to formulate goals that meet the interests of most of the population, to use new and traditional methods and factors. The mechanism of management of AIC of the region is manifested in its ability to revive the socially oriented real sector of the economy based on market relations and liberalization; to carry out reproduction on the principles of self-sufficiency and self-development (with the most complete use of the benefits of regions and cities), to ensure the sustainability of life support systems, the strengthening of economic federalism [4].
One of the conditions for dynamic development of the economy of the region is the use of the internal sources of accumulation, in production of food, goods and services, housing, and entrepreneurship in the real sector of the economy (Agrobusiness-2020) [5].
Sustainable and sufficient to carry out active management activities of economic and financial database management can be established through identification of new functions of the regions in country economic space, the development of economic turnover, increase the tax base and municipal property, and improve the efficiency of its use, the output of the shadow economic structures and de-monopolization in local markets, especially of consumer goods, food and utilities, the use of budget as a tool of operation, but also the means of development of the territory [6]. The process of management of agriculture necessitates the development of appropriate strategies. Efficient conversion is possible only on the basis of a phased systematic approach, involving the restructuring of the organizational-management information system at the regional and local level in the complex [7].
Table 1. - SWOT analysis of the system of management of regional economy of the agroindustrial complex in the Republic of Kazakhstan taking into account internal and external factors
Strength Weakness
• Integration in the Eurasian economic Union; • A change of partners for export and import; • WTO as a legal, economic and social base of investment support for agriculture; • The Russian government maintains a strong parliamentary majority and overwhelming public support; • Large resource base in Russia will provide a solid basis for domestic and foreign investment; • The growth of imports and exports in the long run. • Environmental, weather, and climatic factors; • A change of partners for export and import; • Agricultural regions of the country with a completely different, positive and negative characteristics: the climatic conditions, historically types and methods of farming; • The vast majority of regions of Kazakhstan is a zone of risky agriculture; • The lack of transparency in the decision-making process, including at a high level; • The activities of various
influential groups in domestic politics unpredictable in the long term.
Opportunities Threats
• The doctrine of Food security of Kazakhstan as a factor of investment growth; • To restore the system of training and retraining of agricultural professionals. • Foreign food competitors as a deterrent to investment progress; • State, regional impact on business is on the rise.
Analytical aspect
• Agriculture has traditionally played an important role in Kazakhstan. Lives in rural areas and about 43% of the population. About 18% of the total economically active population employed in agriculture, forestry and fisheries (RFCARATINGS Rating Agency, 2018) [8].
• The share of agriculture in GDP of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the last five years is in the range of 6-8%.
• The export of agricultural products from Kazakhstan shows a positive trend. So, due to the devaluation in 2015, the share of agriculture in total exports rose to 27% [9].
• Kazakhstan makes a significant contribution to ensuring global food security. The country occupies the leading position in the world in production and export of wheat. According to international estimates, in 2016 - 2017 the production of grain crops in the country is estimated at 18.5 million tons (The Committee on statistics of the Ministry of national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2018) [10].
• Unique geographical location and availability of different climatic zones create favorable conditions for comprehensive development of the agro-industrial complex of the country.
• Sown area of agricultural crops in the country is 21022,9 thousand hectares at the end of 2017. Kazakhstan ranks ninth in the world in area (2 724 902 km2) (RFCARATINGS Rating Agency, 2018).
• Strategic plan of the Ministry of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2014 - 2018. According to the plan, Kazakhstan is creating conditions for improving the competitiveness of agriculture, sustainable development, water, forestry and wildlife through the effective formation and implementation of public policy.
• Implements the program on development of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2013-2020 (Agribusiness 2020).
• Within total gross output in Kazakhstan's regions the positive dynamics (Table 2.)
Table 2. Gross output of agricultural products by regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan_
in current prices, million tenge
Regions 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Gross output
Republic of 1 822 2 720 2 393 2 949 3 143 3 307 3 684
Kazakhstan 074,1 453,4 619,0 485,0 678,1 009,6 393,2
125 268 161 259 268 290 348
Akmolinsk 548,2 279,2 223,6 184,7 354,3 893,2 198,5
109 136 141 151 157 165 183
Aktobe 698,4 308,9 873,1 026,5 258,0 244,3 965,3
296 373 424 482 535 551 597
Almaty 607,6 180,2 842,4 595,4 445,5 101,1 308,3
Atyrau 28 378,7 39 186,8 47 047,6 51 292,0 56 263,1 58 765,5 61 612,9
West 100 103 106 131
Kazakhstan 65 674,1 783,8 89 108,3 99 095,6 539,8 544,4 015,8
124 131 171 218 218 237
Zhambyl 99 374,6 501,2 789,1 821,5 577,7 726,5 065,9
105 145 144 171 179 197 229
Karaganda 565,2 379,6 582,8 806,7 350,9 273,1 348,2
207 385 175 261 266 294 319
Kostanay 203,4 400,7 110,9 057,1 885,9 608,2 037,7
Kyzylorda 59 789,6 65 609,2 68 464,0 72 276,1 69 595,8 79 186,5 80 633,3
Mangystau 4 648,9 6 974,9 8 164,4 8 331,8 9 074,6 11 734,3 12 466,1
South- 219 270 321 375 419 426 480
Kazakhstan 786,1 416,3 108,4 478,3 687,1 894,4 399,3
115 143 134 152 171
Pavlodar 76 692,5 367,0 89 353,4 813,2 993,4 407,9 542,2
North 199 405 272 330 350 380 411
Kazakhstan 178,5 603,8 266,5 696,5 269,2 814,2 485,6
East 219 277 313 363 366 366 415
Kazakhstan 129,2 413,4 821,4 302,6 586,9 973,1 039,0
Astana city 2 131,6 3 310,3 2 784,3 3 154,8 2 870,9 2 416,9 1 032,9
Almaty city 2 667,4 2 738,0 2 078,8 4 552,3 4 925,1 3 426,1 4 242,2
Based on data from table:
• Increase in agricultural output. Gross output of products (services) of agriculture in the end of 2017 in the whole country amounted to 3 684, 393 2 billion tenge, which is above the level of the corresponding period of the previous year by 2.7%. The growth of volume of production of agriculture is due to the increase in the value of crop production by 1.5% and animal products - by 2.7%.
The growth of investment in fixed capital for agriculture. For the 12 months of the year in the fixed capital of agriculture was sent to 96 284 453 thousand tenge, or almost 50% more compared to the same period last year.
However, in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, there is an outflow of foreign investment. So, during the analyzed period the outflow of foreign direct
investment (FDI) from the agricultural sector amounted to $ 3.3 million. USA.
Indicators of livestock generally demonstrated a stable trend. At the end of 2017, compared to the same period last year in all categories of farms the number of horses increased by 7.1% and amounted to 2 474,5 thousand heads of cattle, respectively, 2.7% and 7 617,5 thousand heads, camels - by 2.6% and 195,5 thousand heads, sheep - by 1.2% and 20.9 million heads; pigs - by 2.8% and 1 017,8 goals. The number of goats decreased by 2.1% and amounted to 3 112,7 thousand heads, poultry - respectively 4.6% and 38.5 million heads.
The increase in agricultural output observed in most regions of Kazakhstan. So, the volume of agricultural production in late 2017, compared to the same period in 2016, increased in 12 regions of the Republic. Leaders for this indicator are East - Kazakhstan, West-Kazakhstan and Almaty region. However, the decline in agricultural production was observed in Pavlodar (-0.9%) and Mangistau (at 22.1%) areas.
• Agriculture remains one of the most promising and important sectors of Kazakhstan's economy. Increases in the country the gross output of the agricultural sector (+7% compared to 2016).
• A growing share of agricultural products in total exports of the country (+25% in 2016). It is expected that due to the devaluation, and the growing quality of agricultural products in Kazakhstan will continue to enjoy growing demand in foreign markets.
• Due to its fertile soil and the availability of different climatic zones of Kazakhstan has great potential for diversified development of agriculture.
• The growth of world population and a General increase in world millet for food without GMO (genetically modified organism), create a promising niche for environmentally friendly products of agribusiness complex of Kazakhstan.
• Amid uncertainty in the global economy in the domestic agricultural sector there is an outflow of foreign investment (-3,3 million tenge in comparison with the same period in 2016) (The Committee on statistics of the Ministry of national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2018) [11].
• Remoteness from markets, insufficient development of transport infrastructure, technological backwardness, as well as seasonal water scarcity are major constraints to the development of domestic agriculture.
Sources used:
1. Ajila C. M., Satinder K. Brar, M. Verma. (2012). Sustainable Solutions for Agro Processing Waste Management. Environmental Protection Strategies.-94 p.
2. Bedelbayeva A.E., Lukhmanova G.K.. (2016). Trends and Problems of Biofuel Market Development in Kazakhstan Materials Science Forum.Vol.870, pp. 683687.
3. Ilimjanova Z. A., Kaldiyarov D. A., Burnasheva V. R. (2016). Modern fiscal management of Kazakhstan.- Almaty: Economics.- 186p.
4. Gussenov B. S. (2015).Development of foreign economic activities in the age of globalization Tutorial LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, p. 316
5. Kerry K. L., Vernon E. (2010). A review of past agribusiness management research. Agribusiness. № 4, рр.397-408.
6. RFCARATINGS Rating Agency. (2018). Overview of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the end of 2017. http: //rfcaratings .kz
7. Samuelson, P. A. (2009). Economy. Vol.1.-M.: "The Alphabet".- 384 p.
8. Sidorin A. (2011). State support of agricultural producers in terms of unequal cross-sectoral exchange /A. Sidorin //AIC: economy, management.- No. 7.- P. 7882.
9. Soros D. (2006). Open society. Reforming global capitalism. - M.,-155 p.
10.The agriculture development programme of Kazakhstan for 2013-2020 "Agrobusiness-2020", Astana.- 2012 y.
11.The Committee on statistics of the Ministry of national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2018). http://stat.gov.kz
УДК 631
Bleutaeva K.B., doctor of economic sciences, Professor Zhetysu State University n.a. I. Zhansugurov the city of Taldykorgan, Republic of Kazakhstan IMPROVING THE MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN Abstract. The article discusses the main directions of development of agro-industrial complex (hereinafter AIC) of the Republic of Kazakhstan against the background of globalization processes; the main ways to improve the management system in the field of agriculture; optimization of priority directions of development offoreign economic activity in the era of globalization.
Key words: Agro-industrial complex, foreign economic activity, globalization, management, Finance and accounting, economic development.
Agriculture is one of the important sectors of the economy, which forms the food and economic security of the country, as well as the labor and settlement potential of rural areas [1].
Agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter-RK) has good prospects for further development: export positions of oilseeds, meat sectors are strengthening, and on grain and flour Kazakhstan in the shortest possible time became one of the largest exporting countries in the world. Kazakhstan's membership in the Eurasian economic Union (hereinafter - the EAEU) and the world trade organization (hereinafter - the WTO) creates opportunities and at the same time imposes high requirements for competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets. In this regard, the role of state regulation of agriculture is extremely important [2].
In the context of increasing threats to sustainable food security and independence, an important task is the quality of planning and implementation of policy in the field of development of the agro-industrial complex of the country. For Kazakhstan, due to the continued dependence on imports of a significant share
