4Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology and Pedagogy: Problems and Solutions
Volume 4 | TMA Conference | 2023 Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi: muammo va yechimlar
IMPROVING THE HEALTH STATUS OF FREQUENTLY ILL CHILDREN IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PRINCIPLES OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Akida Obidjon kizi Imamova
DsD. Professor
T. A. Bobomurotov
Scientific leader
N. O. Akhmadaliyeva
DsD. Associate professor
ABSTRACT
Many scientific studies note the unfavorable dynamics of the health status of preschool children (Yurko G.P., 2000; Maimulov V.G. et al., 2003; Rapoport I.K. et al., 2004; Simonova I.V., 2006). Currently, more than 10% of children of senior preschool age cannot be considered absolutely healthy. Almost 60% of children have chronic diseases (Baranov A.A., Kuchma V.R., Tutelyan V.A. and others, 2006). An increase in morbidity was found in almost all classes of the disease (Onishchenko G.G., Baranov A.A., Kuchma V.R., 2004).
Keywords: children, health, healthy lifestyle, frequently illness,sport, chronic disease
АННОТАЦИЯ
Многие научные исследования отмечают неблагоприятную динамику состояния здоровья детей дошкольного возраста (Юрко Г.П., 2000; Маймулов В.Г. и др., 2003; Рапопорт И.К. и др., 2004; Симонова И.В., 2006). В настоящее время более 10% детей старшего дошкольного возраста нельзя считать абсолютно здоровыми. Почти 60% детей имеют хронические заболевания (Баранов А.А., Кучма В.Р., Тутельян В.А. и др., 2006). Рост заболеваемости обнаружен практически при всех классах болезни (Онищенко Г.Г., Баранов А.А., Кучма В.Р., 2004).
Ключевые слова: дети, здоровье, здоровый образ жизни, часто болеющие, спорт, хронические заболевания.
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Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology and Pedagogy: Problems and Solutions
Volume 4 | TMA Conference | 2023 Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi: muammo va yechimlar
Purpose of work. Hygienic evaluation of education and upbringing conditions in preschool educational institutions, technologies of rehabilitation of frequently sick children and development of hygienic recommendations for health protection of this category of children.
Research objectives
1. To study risk factors for the development of indicators of physical development, health, psycho-emotional state and deviations in their health status of frequently ill children.
2. Assessment of the conditions and mode of education and training of frequently sick children in preschool educational institutions, technologies and their impact on the performance and functionality of frequently sick children.
3. Conducting a hygienic assessment of the impact of health technologies used in preschool educational institutions on indicators of physical development, functional capabilities of children, thermoregulatory function and resistance of the child's body.
4. Scientific reasoning and development of practical recommendations on hygiene and health protection of children who attend preschool educational institutions and often get sick.
Scientific novelty of the research.Features of physical development, functional capabilities, health and psycho-emotional condition of children who are often sick in kindergartens in modern conditions are revealed. Risk factors for the development of deviations have been identified in children who are often sick.For the first time, the effect of the educational load on the mental activity of children with frequent illnesses was studied.Effectiveness of the effect of modern health technologies, which can be used in preschool educational institutions, on preschool children has been proven.
Practical significance of research. Specific practical recommendations for further improvement of the organization of education and rehabilitation in pre-school educational institutions have been developed, including the provision of therapeutic, preventive and psychological assistance to frequently ill children attending pre-school educational institutions. proposals for improvement were made and priority directions in this regard were determined. optimization of organization of training and rehabilitation of frequently ill children in preschool educatio institutions.
Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology and Pedagogy: Problems and Solutions
Volume 4 | TMA Conference | 2023 Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi: muammo va yechimlar
y
Research methods.The research was carried out by the natural hygienic experiment method, which includes three stages.The first stage was to study the indicators of physical development, health status, psycho-emotional status of frequently ill children, to assess risk factors for the development of deviations in their health.In the second stage, the conditions of education, training and rehabilitation technologies were studied in the recreational pre-school educational institution.At the third stage, a hygienic assessment of the influence of the conditions of education, training and health technologies on physical development, functionality, work ability and health was carried out and recommendations for their optimization were developed.A total of 327 children aged 4-7 years attending pre-school educational institutions were examined, of which 166 were frequently sick and 161 were occasionally sick, they were 4-5 years old and 6-7 years old. Divided into 2 age groups. 76 frequently ill children participated in dynamic studies. The group of frequently ill children includes children who have had a number of ARI episodes in the past year: 4-5 years old - 5 or more, older than 5 years - 4 or more. The distribution of children by gender and length of stay in the organized group of children in the main and control groups was almost the same.Physical development is an important indicator of health and depends on living conditions, upbringing and education of children.166 frequently ill children aged 4-7 years were examined. The experimental group of the study was divided into two subgroups, 4-5 years old (91 children) and 6-7 years old (75 children).Study of the biological level of development and the harmony of the morpho-functional state of the considered frequently sick children
Results.A comparative analysis of two age groups of frequently ill children showed that:
1. The biological level of development corresponded to the passport one in 45.1% of 4-5-year-olds and 58.7% of 6-7-year-old children who are often ill, the lag in biological maturation was significantly more common in 4-5-year-olds than in 6-year-olds. 7-year-old frequently ill children.
2. The number of children with harmonious morpho-functional states among 45 year olds was 79.1%, among 6-7 year olds, respectively, 82.7%. Sharply disharmonious development due to excess body weight had 6.6% of 4-5-year-olds and 4.0% of 6-7-year-old frequently ill children.
3. Thus, only 36.3% of 4-5-year-olds and 48.0% of 6 " year-old children who are often sick do not have a risk
Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology and Pedagogy: Problems and Solutions
Volume 4 | TMA Conference | 2023
Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi: muammo va yechimlar
y
developing diseases, which is apparently associated with the body's reserve capabilities. The risk of I degree was revealed in 48.3% of 4-5-year-olds and 42.7% of 6-7-year-old children. The risk groups of II and III degrees were filled slightly, the risk group of II degree had 8.8% of 4-5-year-olds and 5.3% of 6-7-year-olds, III degree - the greatest possibility of the disease, respectively 6.6% , 4.0%.
4. Vital capacity of the lungs above the average was found in 4-5-year-olds 1.5 times more often than in 6-7-year-old frequently ill children (60.0% and 41.1%, respectively). The vital capacity of the lungs was below average only in 7.4% of 6-7-year-old frequently ill children. The muscle strength of the hands below the average was significantly more common in 4-5-year-olds than in 6-7-year-old frequently ill children (45.0% and 30.9, respectively), which is consistent with the anatomical and physiological characteristics of development -tion of small muscles in preschool children. Basically, the muscle strength of the hands in 48.4-58.9% of the examined children of preschool age was within the average values.
Conclusions. 1. Often ill children have the worst indicators of physical development. Slow rates of biological maturation were found in 45.1% of 4-5-year-olds, in 29.3% of 6-7-year-old PIDs, and in 14.3% of 6-7-year-old EBDs. A sharply disharmonious morpho-functional state due to excess body weight - in 6.6% of 4-5-year-olds and 4.0% in 6-7-year-old frequently ill children.
Often ill preschoolers have low and below average age and sex indicators of the development of basic motor qualities and are characterized by reduced functional capabilities.
Often ill children are more anxious, they have a higher prevalence of severe stress, overwork and exhaustion of the nervous system.
Often sick children are characterized by lower rates of local immunity.
Among frequently ill children, the overall pathological prevalence exceeds that of EBD by 1.5 times, the prevalence of mental disorders, pathology of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and the endocrine-metabolic system is higher. Among frequently ill preschool children, there are no children with the 1st health group and 69.2% of children have chronic diseases in the compensation stage (III health group).
2. Factors that negatively affect the health of sickly children are such factors as the presence of toxicosis in the mother in the second half of pregnancy, breastfeeding for less than 6 months and the early start of complementary foods, the absence of hardening procedures and the frequency of diseases of the chilr1 the first year of life, the lack of physical culture beyond presch
Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology and Pedagogy: Problems and Solutions
Volume 4 | TMA Conference | 2023 Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi: muammo va yechimlar
y
educational institution and daytime sleep on weekends, irregular consumption of fruits, vegetables and berries.
3. The conditions of education and upbringing of frequently ill children attending preschool educational institutions are most often characterized by insufficient landscaping; insufficient equipment for group and sports grounds; inconsistency of furniture with the growth of children, insufficient sanitary equipment; violations of ventilation; inappropriate class schedule. The duration of each 7th lesson exceeded the normative values; in the middle of every 4th lesson there were no physical exercises; the training effect was not achieved in physical education classes.
4. The dynamics of indicators of the functional state of the CNS in frequently ill preschool children gives reason to believe that at the age of 4-5 years to 6-7 years, the functions of the central nervous system improve, the higher parts of the brain of the cerebral cortex mature. This leads to an increase in mental performance with age, which ensures that the majority of frequently ill children successfully master the programs of raising children in pre-school educational institutions.
5. Health-improving measures (hardening, special physical education, massage, phyto- and physiotherapy, remedial classes with a psychologist), used in preschool educational institutions for two years, have a beneficial effect on the indicators of physical development, the functional capabilities of children, allow to significantly improve the function of thermoregulation, increase the resistance of the child's body.
6. An integrated approach to the upbringing, education and rehabilitation of frequently ill children in preschool educational institutions should be aimed at preventing risk factors for their health deviations, identifying pathologies
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3. Jalolov, N. N., Imamova, A. O., & Sultonov, E. Y. (2023). Proper nutrition of athletes, martial arts.
Tashkent Medical Academy Integration of Science, Education and Practice in Modern Psychology and Pedagogy: Problems and Solutions
Volume 4 | TMA Conference | 2023 Zamonaviy psixologiya, pedagogikada fan, ta'lim va amaliyot integratsiyasi: muammo va yechimlar
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4. Salomova, F. I., Akhmadalieva, N. O., Sadullayeva Kh, A., Imamova, A. O., & Nigmatullayeva, D. Z. (2023). Hygienic characteristics of the social portrait, conditions and lifestyle of infectious diseases doctors.
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