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Improving the efficiency of oilseed production in the region: innovation and technological aspect
Truhachev Vladimir Ivanovich, Stavropol state Agrarian University, PhD in Economics, professor, economic department E-mail: stgau@stgau.ru
Kurennaya Victoria Vital’evna, Stavropol state Agrarian University, Candidate of economics, assistant professor, economic department E-mail: vita0810@list.ru
Improving the efficiency of oilseed production in the region: innovation and technological aspect
Abstract: The article considers innovation and technological factors of increasing the efficiency of oilseed production using the resource-saving technologies. The urgency and benefits of no-till-technology in the Stavropol region are substantiated.
Keywords: efficiency of production, oilseed crops, innovations, saving technologies, No-till, agro-industrial complex.
Efficiency represents the unity of two interrelated principles — maximizing the results, ie the degree of achievement the goal, and cost minimization of living and embodied labor related to its receipt. In conditions of market economy the criterion of economic efficiency is the obtaining the financial results that enable not only simple, but also expanded production [2, 152-155].
The efficiency of oilseeds production depends on many internal and external factors. However, along withintegrated programs, it is necessary to develop specific programs for certain types of agricultural products, which are directly related to its production, storage and marketing, directed at overcoming downturn in oil and fat production and restoring of its volumes in size, fully meet the needs of the population in vegetable oils. Basic emphasis should be done on identifying the internal reserves the growth of oilseeds productivity in order to reduce the cost of production and to ensure their competitiveness primarily on regional markets [3, 32-35].
The following factors contribute to improve the effectiveness of oilseed production:
- the introduction of more productive machinery, which increases the level of mechanization at care of sowing, harvest and post-harvest under working of oilseeds;
- expansion of chemization — fertilization, treatment of crops with herbicides and desiccants;
- excretion of and utilization of highly productive varieties and hybrids of oilseeds, etc.
To improve the efficiency of production of oilseeds in the region requires a transition to the qualitatively new (resource saving) technologies in comparison with existing, which implies the realization of innovative scenario.
AIC management bodies at each stage of the development of innovation process should render its participants the necessary legal, financial, personnel, information support, is especially important in the framework of the WTO Agreement.
At present the rate of adoption of innovations in the manufacture and sale of oilseeds are insufficient. There are no effective mechanisms encouraging business entities to active innovation activities: the creators of innovative products — to organization of their mass adaptation in the real world, producers — to accelerated innovation [5, 28-30].
One such innovative directions in the Stavropol region in recent years is the use of no-till technology — “zero technology", this technology includes a complex of measures aimed at the launch of complex, interrelated biological and chemical processes in the soil for crop production.
This system has several basic functional characteristics:
- no need for mechanical tillage;
- constant availability of cover crop residues on the soil surface;
- preservation of moisture in the soil;
- a significant reduction in production costs, etc. (figure 1).
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Section 10. Economics, organization and management of enterprises, branches, complexes
Fig. 1. Advantages of use technologies No-till [1, 105-109]
The main advantage of resource-saving technology (technology of direct sowing) is the ability to reduce the dependence of yield on weather conditions. At the expense of stubble and crop residues are more qualitative accumulation and retention of soil moisture and reduce evaporation.
Resource — saving — is a system of scientific, technical, organizational and economic measures aimed at a more rational and efficient use of all resources, reducing their volume per unit of output. Resources saving technologies provide the production with the minimum possible consumption of resources, raw materials, fuel, and electricity for technological purposes.
Economic efficiency of resource-saving technologies is determined by their influence on the improvement of the final indicators of agricultural production, mainly on the growth profits by raising the crop yields, improving product quality, reducing the labor costs and decreasing the prime costs of products.
No-till technology has been used successfully for the last five years in OOO “Dobrovol’noe”, LLC “Uro-zhainoe” Ipatovskiy district the Stavropol Territory. Experience on new technology in the farms has proved its high efficiency.
For example, the cost of production of the main oilseed crop — sunflower decreased significantly. Thus, in the traditional tillage requires 11-14 of passes for the
season, whereas in the zero technology — only 3-5. Because of this significantly reduced the cost of fuel and maintenance cost equipment. Already in the early years of the introduction of no-till were obtained good results, thanks to a significant reduction in production costs. Fuel consumption — the most expensive of the resources reduced by half and reached an average of 28 liters per 1 hectare (on average data for 2011-2013.).
Significantly reduce expenditures of labor. Number of employees serving a total area of 8500 crop rotation ha decreased from 49 to 25 people, including mechanics from 27 to 13 people.
Technological chain on cultivation agricultural crops is the shortest set of operations — it is: sowingspraying (2x-3x), harvesting. There is a set of the minimum equipment: tractors, seeders, sprayers and combines. The costs of production of sunflower amounted to 4 136 rub./t instead of 7 017 rub./t with traditional technology [4, 112-121].
Economic efficiency of oilseed production by technologies is presented in table 1.
Thus, the profit from the sale of the application of resource-saving technologies (No-till) increased by almost 32 % to $ 4,897,600,000 rubles, and the cost has dropped to 5.7403 billion rubles, or 17 %. The level of profitability when using No-till technology has grown in 1.6 times and amounted to 85.3 %.
Table 1. - Economic efficiency of oilseed production with different cultivation technologies for the period of 2011-2013 гг. *
Indicators Technology Declination (+, -)
traditional No-till
Revenues from, mln. rubles 10637.9 10637.9 0
Full cost price, mln. rubles 6920.9 5740.3 -1180.6
Profit from sales, mln. rubles 3717.0 4897.6 1180.6
Level of profitability, % 53.7 85.3 31.6
Note: * - Used data for the period of2011-2013 гг. in farms: ООО by Ipatov region, ООО OPF «Shpakovskoe» Shpakovskiy region.
cDobrovolnoe», ООО SPC «Urozhainoe»
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Improving the efficiency of oilseed production in the region: innovation and technological aspect
It is obvious that the farms also need to carry out the replacement and modernization of agricultural machinery and equipment. The ways of technology update are possible on lease agreements, as well as through the
use of own, borrowed and attracted sources of financing. A major role in the regulation of the update process must occupy state policy of soft loans for the purchase of equipment (table 2).
Thble 2. - Composition and structure of MTP for traditional and zero-technology when growing oilseed crops in Stavropol region
Traditional technology No-till techno l°gy
Types of machines Number, unit Price, thousand rubl./per unit Cost, thousand rubl. Types of machines Number, unit Cost, thousand rubl./per unit Cost, thousand rubl.
Tractor МТЗ-1025 5 950 4750 Tractor МТЗ-1025 3 950 2850
Seeding machine ТС-М 8000 А 3 940 2820 Seeding machine MASSEY FERGUSON MF-555 2 650 130
Plow ПН 6-35 2 674 1348 СПП-4,2 3 1600 4800
Plow ПН 4-35 4 464 1856 Cultivator КШУ-12 4 485 1940
Discator BDM-6 2 898 1796
Discator BDM-3 3 470 1410
Cultivator KPC-8 2 320 640
Harrow disk-shaped BD-10 B 3 570 1710
Soil compactors ЗККШ-6 А 3 370 1110 Loader of seeds and fertilizers ЗШНС-15 3 56 168
Spreader of fertilizers РУМ-8 3 485 1455
Seed treated ПС-10 АМ 1 320 320
Loader of seeds and fertilizers ЗШНС-15 3 56 168
In all 35 х 19383 In all 15 х 9888
12000
10000
sooo
6000
4000
2000
0
■ netcost «profit »revenue 10637,9 10637,9
Traditional
No-till
Fig. 2. Economic effect from the introduction of No-till technology, mln. rub.
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Section 10. Economics, organization and management of enterprises, branches, complexes
Thus, when using classical technology (the arable) the total value of equipment will be 19,383 thousand. Rub., and for the same production volume but in the using of zero technology is 9888 thousand. rub., which is almost in 2 times less than with the latter (the average data for 2011-2013.).
It is obvious that the efficiency of a zero technology application is significantly above the traditional technology (see table 1, figure 2). In the system of No-Tilll there are no details. As soon experts will attempt to simplify something or reduce some of its components, the system is broken, and the work done does not bring the expected result. If the traditional technology the faults of one operation can be corrected by next, then the No-till price error is too great.
Summarizing the entire above, one can conclude that the use of resource-saving technologies can improve the final indicators of agricultural production, namely: to reduce fuel consumption, to low the expenses for agricultural production, to improve the quality of their products.
Resource-saving is an important a prerequisite for improving the competitiveness of products, one of the major mechanisms contributing increase in profit by increasing crop yields and so on.
For the Stavropol region as a whole and for individual companies in particular, the introduction of resource-saving technologies is particularly important, since agriculture and the entire agro-industrial complex needs to develop accelerated pace, using including innovative techniques to be popular and competitive in the current market conditions.
References:
1. Zaitsev V. К., Kurennaya V. V. Technological aspects of production efficiency and risk factor in oilseeds subcomplex ofStavropol region.//Problems ofdevelopment ofAPC ofthe region. - 2013. - V. 16. - № 4-16 (16). - Р. 105-109.
2. Kurennaya V. V. The main directions of development of the regional market of oilseeds.//Institutional reforms of national economic systems: Col. of scientific. works on the materials of Intern. Scientific and practical. Conf. (Stavropol, April 23, 2014 r.)/St St Agr. Univ. Stavropol, - 2014. - P. 152-156.
3. Mihailina V. V., Truhachev V. I. Project approach to evaluating the effectiveness of production of the main oil crops (for example of Stavropol Territory).//Economy agricultural and processing enterprises).//The economy of agriculture and processing enterprises, - 2008. - № 4. - P. 32-35.
4. Mihailina V. V. The formation and development of the risk management system in agricultural business structures (for example on the production of oilseeds)./V. V. Mihailina//Dissertation. Stavropol, 2008. - 165 p.
5. Truhachev V. I., Bannikova N. V. Conceptual approaches to the development and implementation of the development strategy of regional agriculture.//Economics ofagricultural and processing enterprises. - M., 2010. - P. 28-30.
Ryzhanushkina Juliya Aleksandrovna, postgraduate student
E-mail: cher_ju@mail.ru Vasilchenko Artem Alekseevich, postgraduate student, E-mail: arty-vasilchenko@ya.ru Gabrin Konstantin Eduardovich, South Ural State University (National Research University), Management and Investment Department, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Economics
E-mail: konsg@mail.ru
Regional investment and construction complex modeling by means of the systems analysis method
Abstract: The article describes the model of regional investment and construction complex functioning from the point of view of systemic approach. It defines the circular paths with positive feedback that lead the system to notably unsteady state. The key indicators, that influence investment and construction complex activity, are specified. The article proves the necessity of a new mechanism of investment-building complex regulation, taking into account the appointed indicators and parameters.
Keywords: complex systems modeling, regional investment and construction complex, investment, systemic analysis, cognitive model, orgraph.
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