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24IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF MACHINING OF PARTS MADE OF
STAINLESS MATERIALS
Isroiljon Ikromjon o'g'li Robiljonov Rustam Jaxongir o'g'li Karimov
Fergana Polytechnic Institute
ABSTRACT
The development of modern mechanical engineering, an increase in productivity and surface quality requires the improvement of technological processes for processing machine parts, an increase in the proportion of finishing operations. It is at the final operations that the surface layer of the part is formed, which determines their operational properties.
Keywords: stainless material, machining, movement of the bars.
The complexity of the process of processing spherical surfaces, especially with two-sided limitation, necessitates a deep theoretical and experimental study of the physical essence of phenomena and their influence on the accuracy and quality of surfaces. Honing operations based on the development of new design and technological solutions are one of the promising directions in the manufacture of spherical parts. The processes of honing flat and cylindrical surfaces are widely known, while honing of parts with a spherical surface has been little studied.
Improving the accuracy of spherical surfaces, improving the roughness parameters of the surface layer, imparting a controlled micro geometry to the surface is an urgent task of modern mechanical engineering.
The need for mechanical engineering to ensure high quality of spherical surfaces of parts, especially from difficult-to-machine stainless steels, and the creation of a highly productive and competitive machining process, on the one hand, and insufficient knowledge of spherical honing, on the other hand, emphasizes the timeliness of these studies and its impact on productivity, quality and accuracy of the machined surface.
Scientific results. Scientifically based technological solutions are proposed to ensure a given shape accuracy and roughness of a spherical surface.
• On the basis of the developed model of the honing process, the influence of kinematic and force parameters on the shaping of a spherical surface during processing is shown.
• The functional dependences of the roughness and deviations of the spherical surface shape from honing modes.
• A computational model has been obtained that allows you to select the technological parameters of the honing process, taking into account the required productivity, accuracy and roughness.
• The nature of the formation of accuracy and roughness is revealed,
allowing to assess the influence of processing modes on operational parameters.
• Developed a method of non-contact research of parameters roughness of spherical surfaces.
The reliability of the results is ensured by the use of modern computer tools for numerical modeling and analysis.
The results of checking the adequacy of the model built in the ANSYS program are in good agreement with the experimental data on measuring the accuracy of the surface shape on a coordinate measuring machine and have a discrepancy of 7 .. .10%.
The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic of the dissertation, provides a brief description of it, formulates the goal and objectives of research, scientific novelty and the main provisions submitted for defense.
The first chapter provides an analysis of the current state of the art in the efficiency of the operation of honing spherical surfaces of stainless steel parts. The classification of spherical parts and the main directions of improving the technology of abrasive processing of spherical surfaces are considered.
Fig. 1 Surfaces of the movement of the bars.
Kinematic model of point movement. With the mutual movement of the work piece and the honing head, the point (grain) performs a complex movement. The trajectory of the point movement determines the sequence and duration of contact with the work piece (see Fig. 1).
It has been established that the ratio of the rotation frequency of the work piece and the honing head is an important parameter for controlling the distribution pattern, the number and mutual arrangement of scratches on the processing surface.
In the study of the kinematics of the shaping of the treated surface during spherical honing, it was found that the multiple ratio of angular velocities of rotation is observed in a pattern in which a point repeatedly passes along its own track (an
analogue of "standing" Lissajous figures). The ratio of frequencies at which the point moves as uniformly as possible over the surface is established.
Kinematic model of grain movement. To determine the position of the grain in each section of the sphere, this surface was divided into elementary cells (Fig. 2). The cell pitch can be varied, so the effect of grain size is taken into account. The position of the grain on the sphere during its movement was determined by the cell in which the given grain is located.
Fig. 2. Fragment of the surface, divided into cells
The distribution of the maximum contact pressures over the sphere and the influence of the infeed feed and mechanical properties of abrasive tools on the contact pressures are investigated. The mechanical properties of AI are obtained from a theoretical model.
It is proved that the bars, passing in the process of processing over the hole in the spherical surface and coming out of contact with the work piece, significantly increase the contact pressure of the bars remaining in contact. It has been established (Fig. 3) that the contact pressures measured near the edge of the hole are approximately 1.5 ... 2 times higher than the pressure in the middle part of the spherical surface.
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Fig.3. Measurement direction diagram. MAIN CONCLUSIONS
1. A kinematic model of the spherical honing process has been developed. Theoretical studies have shown that the ratio of the rotation frequency of the work piece and the honing head has a significant effect on the roughness and accuracy of the shape.
Optimal ratios of rotation frequencies were determined (nzag = 20 rpm; пС1р = 423 rpm).
2. A model of the stress-strain state in the contact between the work piece and the tool has been developed.
3. A model of the spherical honing process has been developed, taking into account the kinematic parameters and force factors of contact interaction.
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